高考熱點-V-ing形式

1、高考熱點V-ing形式湖北洪湖市第二高級中學王愛民 V-ing形式是歷年高考的重要考點之一，其考點主要集中考查V-ing形式的功能、時態(tài)及語態(tài)。綜觀2006年全國和各地英語高考試卷，非謂語動詞占有30題，其中V-ing形式就占有14題，可見，V-ing在英語高考中的重要性。V-ing形式這一語法既是學習重點、難點，又是高考的考點之一，所以在初學V-ing形式的時候，同學們要特別細心，掌握好它的用法。本文就V-ing形式用法作一歸納。 V-ing 形式在英語中可以看作是動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞,它們都可以用作非謂語動詞,在句中可以充當一定的句子成分?，F(xiàn)將其可以充當?shù)木渥映煞至斜韺φ杖缦? 一、動名詞V-

2、ing形式作動名詞時具有名詞的特征,因而在句中用作主語、表語、賓語、定語,有時它可以有自己的邏輯主語,也可以有時態(tài)和語態(tài)形式。如: 1. 作主語、表語 動名詞作主語和表語時表示泛指。如: Tom's having seen them did not surprise us. 湯姆看見了他們，并不使我們感到驚訝. (主語) The main thing is getting there in time.首要的事是及時到達那里。(表語) 【真題再現(xiàn)】Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answer ready wi

3、ll be of great help. (05北京，28)A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having【答案】D. 句意：為參加應(yīng)聘做好準備很有必要。把回答的內(nèi)容準備好大有幫助。句意強調(diào)的只是一個一般性的動作，因此A、B不符合題意。C項為動詞原形構(gòu)成祈使句，不能作句子的主語，也應(yīng)淘汰。故D項為動名詞作主語。2. 作賓語 動名詞常跟在某些動詞如admit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, mind, can't help, suggest, practise, admit, imagine, miss, r

4、isk等以及含介詞的短語動詞insist on, stop.from, look forward to, pay attention to, give up, put off, feel like等后面作賓語。如: Have you finished reading the book? 你讀完了那本書嗎？She is afraid of going out alone. 她怕單獨一個人出去。【真題再現(xiàn)】1). When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _ at the party, but not _. (05北京，30)A. t

5、o arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leaveC. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave2). Isnt it time you got down to _ the papers? (06 重慶，26) A. mark B. be marked C. being marked D. marking3). It is difficult to imagine his _ the decision without any consideration. (06陜西，13) A. accept B. accepting C.

6、to accept D. accepted【答案】1). C. remember后接不定式表示將來的動作，而后接動詞-ing形式時，表示已完成的動作。根據(jù)句意：當警察向他詢問時，他說他記得已到過晚會現(xiàn)場但不記得什么時候離開的。故選C項。2). D. get down to(開始認真做)短語中，to為介詞，后應(yīng)接v-ing形式，而mark papers的邏輯為you，用主動形式，故選D項。3). B. 句意為：很難想象他沒有做任何考慮就接受了這個決定。imagine后要用V-ing形式作賓語，故選B項。3. 作定語 動名詞作定語時表示所修飾的詞的作用和用途。如: They set up an o

7、perating table in a small temple.他們將手術(shù)臺架設(shè)在一座小廟里。二、現(xiàn)在分詞V-ing形式作現(xiàn)在分詞充當非謂語動詞時,它主要在句中充當定語、表語、賓補、主補和狀語。1. 作定語 當分詞單獨作定語時，放在被修飾的名詞前面，如果是分詞短語作定語，則放在名詞之后。如: In the following years she worked even harder. 在隨后的幾年里，她學習更加努力了。The man standing at the gate is our teacher. 站在門口的那個人是我們老師。若被修飾詞與現(xiàn)在分詞是被動關(guān)系時,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式(b

8、eing done)作定語。如: Did you see the boy being questioned by the police? 你看見那個男孩受到警察審問了嗎？注意：現(xiàn)在分詞與動名詞作定語的區(qū)別: 現(xiàn)在分詞表示所修飾人或物正在進行的動作，即所修飾的名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系, 相當于一個定語從句；而動名詞作定語則說明它所修飾的名詞的作用和用途。 如: Dont waste running water 不要浪費自來水。 (現(xiàn)在分詞 相當于定語從句 water which is running) I have a pair of running shoes. 我有一雙跑鞋。(動名詞

9、 表示用途,相當于shoes for running) 【真題再現(xiàn)】1). I was told that there were about 50 students _ Chinese in the school, most _ were from Germany. (06遼寧，25)A. study; of whom B. study; of them C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom2). The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty

10、 of nature. ( 04上海，34)A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt【答案】1).D. 句意：我被告知在這所學校里大約在50名學漢語的外國學生，他們中大部分來自德國。第一空是分詞短語作后置定語；第二空是非限制性定語從句。只在D項符合題意要求。2). B. A、D項不定式表將來動作；C項表被動完成；B項表示主動進行。此處是用smelling sweet作定語，可以譯作“聞起來很香的花”。2. 作表語 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語時，相當于形容詞，用來說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征，常用作表語的動詞現(xiàn)在分詞有: amazing, amusing, bo

11、ring, exciting, interesting, pleasing, surprising, satisfying, inspiring等，這時可以用very修飾。如: This book is more interesting than any that Ive ever read.這本書比我所看過的都更有趣。His views are very alarming.他的看法很使人吃驚?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader. (03上海，30)A. interested; intere

12、st B. interesting; be interestedC. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest【答案】D.此題主要考查interest的不同用法。動詞interest表示“使感興趣”；現(xiàn)在分詞interesting表示具有某種特征“令人感興趣的”；過去分詞interested表示“對感興趣”，主語通常是人。故只有D項符合題意。注意：動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作表語的區(qū)別： 動名詞作表語時, 表示主語的內(nèi)容; 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語,表示主語的特征或性質(zhì)。如：Her job is keeping the offices clean. 她

13、的工作是保持辦公室清潔。(動名詞)The film is very exciting. 這部電影很令人興奮。(現(xiàn)在分詞)3. 作賓語補足語 動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補表明賓語正在進行的動作。后可跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語的動詞有find, look at, see, hear, watch, feel, observe, have, get, catch, keep, leave等。如: He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他讓小汽車在門口等著?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth. (04天

14、津，34)A. run B. running C. being run D. to run【答案】B. 當leave后的賓語和賓補是邏輯上的主動關(guān)系時，賓補常用現(xiàn)在分詞，構(gòu)成“l(fā)eave + 賓語 + V-ing”句型。本題即為考查此種結(jié)構(gòu)。4. 作狀語 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語可以表示時間、條件、結(jié)果、伴隨、原因、讓步等。如: She stayed at home, cleaning and washing.她呆在家里，又擦又洗。 (伴隨) Being ill he was absent from school. 他因病沒有上學。(原因) Seeing from the top of the hill

15、, you can find the city more beautiful. (如果)從小山頂上看,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)這座城市更美麗。(條件) The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.那孩子跌倒了，頭碰在門上碰破了。 (結(jié)果) Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.他們盡管了解這一切，還是要我賠償損失。(讓步)【真題再現(xiàn)】1). The storm left, _ a lot of damage to this area. (05全國I，32)A.

16、caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused2). My cousin came to see me from the country, _ me a full basket of fresh fruits. (06安徽，21)A. brought B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought3). We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _ that all children like these thin

17、gs. (06全國II，17)A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought【答案】1). D. 不定式作結(jié)果狀語表示“出乎意料”的結(jié)果，而分詞作狀語表示“順其自然”的結(jié)果，根據(jù)句意：給本地帶來了很大危害后，暴風雨停止了。而產(chǎn)生危害在前，故應(yīng)選D。2). B. 句意：我的表兄從鄉(xiāng)下來看我，給我?guī)硪换@子新鮮的水果。bringing形式在此表伴隨狀語。3). A. 句意：我們經(jīng)常會給孩子一些玩具、足球、籃球等，認為所有的孩子都會喜歡這類東西。We與think之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞表原因。注意：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語一般應(yīng)與句子的主語一致。

18、如果句子的主語與現(xiàn)在分詞的主語不一致，應(yīng)該帶有自己獨立的主語,構(gòu)成獨立結(jié)構(gòu)。有時, 現(xiàn)在分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)之前可用介詞with/without，即構(gòu)成“with/without +名詞（代詞賓格）+現(xiàn)在分詞”復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，表示分詞的邏輯主語是該名詞（代詞賓格）。如: Weather permitting, we will go to the park tomorrow. 如果明天天氣允許的話,我們將去公園。(獨立結(jié)構(gòu)) With the lights burning, the boy fell asleep. 那男孩點著燈睡著了。(含with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語) 【真題再現(xiàn)】I couldnt do my

19、 homework with all that noise _. (05 北京，34)A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on【答案】A. B,C項構(gòu)成謂語動詞，不符合題意。A項表示正在進行的動作，D項表示將來的動作，根據(jù)題意，with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語，故選A項?！靖呖颊骖}】1. _, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. (05全國II，17)A. General speaking B. Speaking generalC. Generally speaking D.

20、Speaking generally2. “You cant catch me!” Janet shouted, _ away. (05全國II，20)A. run B. running C. to run D. ran3. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity. (05上海，32)A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost4. More and more people are signing up for

21、 Yoga classes nowadays, _ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. (05上海，36)A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken5. He glanced over at her, _ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. (05廣東，24)A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted6. _ from other c

22、ontinents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. (05湖北，26)A. Being separated B. Having separatedC. Having been separated D. To be separated7. The manager, _ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us, left the meeting room. (05江西，31)

23、A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making8. I really cant understand _ her like that. (05安徽，34)A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating9. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4. (05山東，27)A. having reached B. r

24、eaching C. to reach D. to be reaching10. Daddy didnt mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _ fun. (05重慶，26)A. had B. have C. to have D. having11. I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works. (06北京，35)A. working; stopping B. to work; stoppin

25、gC. working; to stop D. to work; to stop12. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _ the desert. (06湖南，21)A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover13. If you think that treating a woman well means always _ her permission for things, think again. (06湖南，28)A. gets B. got C. to get D. get

26、ting14. After he became conscious, he remembered _ and _ on the head with a rod. (06江西，29)A. to attack; hit B. to be attacked; to be hitC. attacking; be hit D. having been attacked; hit15. Dont sit there _ nothing. Come and help me with this table. (06湖北，34)A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing16. Wh

27、en _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (06浙江，5)A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared17. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _ the same thing. (06江蘇，30)A. s

28、aying B. said C. to say D. having said18. -There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man. -My goodness! I cant imagine _ that old. (06江蘇，32)A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having been19. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to _ since the flood hit the area last Friday. (06山東，33)A. have been missing B. have got lost C. be missing D. get lost【答案】1. C. generally speakin