2021考研英語一真題及參考答案.doc

1、2021考研英語一真題及參考答案20_考研英語一真題及參考答案 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the follog te_t.Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!“ 1 helping you feel close and 2

2、 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind.Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this ter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania e_amined the

3、effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants susceptibility to developing the mon cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to e 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 a

4、bout 32 percent of that beneficial effect.11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds thats usually 14 with stress,“ notes Sheldon Cohen, a profess

5、or of psychology at Carnegie.Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.“ Some e_perts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of o_ytocin, often called “the bonding hormone“ 18 it promotes attachment in re

6、lationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies.O_ytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream.But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1.A Unlike B Besides C Despite D Throughou

7、t 【答案】B Besides 2.A connected B restricted C equal D inferior 【答案】A connected 3.A choice B view C lesson D host 【答案】D host 4.A recall B forget C avoid D keep 【答案】C avoid 5.A collecting B involving C guiding D affecting 【答案】B involving 6.A of B in C at D on 【答案】D on 7.A devoted B e_posed C lost D att

8、racted 【答案】B e_posed 8.A across B along C down D out 【答案】C down 9.A calculated B denied C doubted D imagined 【答案】A calculated 10.A served B required C restored D e_plained 【答案】D e_plained 11.A Even B Still C Rather D Thus 【答案】A Even 12.A defeats B symptoms C tests D errors 【答案】B symptoms 13.A minimi

9、zed B highlighted C controlled D increased 【答案】D increased 14.A equipped B associated C presented D pared 【答案】B associated 15.A assess B moderate C generate D record 【答案】C generate 16.A in the face of B in the form of C in the way of D in the name of 【答案】A in the face of 17.A transfer B mit C attrib

10、ute D return 【答案】C attribute 18.A because B unless C though D until 【答案】A because 19.A emerges B vanishes C remains D decreases 【答案】C remains 20.A e_periences B bines C justifies Dinfluences 【答案】Dinfluences Te_t 1 First two hours, now three hours this is how far in advance authorities are remending

11、people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S.airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety.The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Medi

12、terranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why.But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process.And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the

13、Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons both fake and real past airport security nearly every time they tried.Enhanced security measures since then, bined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy a

14、nd low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicagos OHare International.It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has bee but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so th

15、e TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line.Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes.Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one

16、step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program.PreCheck is supposed to be a - for travelers and the TSA.Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use e_pedited screening lanes.This allows the TSA to focus

17、 on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved.TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks.Since the beginning, this

18、price tag has been PreChecks fatal flaw.Uping reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level.But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes wh

19、ile most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines.It is long past time to make the program work.21.The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to A e_plain Americans tolerance of current security checks.B stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.C highlight the necessity of

20、upgrading major U.S.airports.D emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22.Which of the follog contributes to long waits at major airports? A New restrictions on carry-on bags.B The declining efficiency of the TSA.C An increase in the number of travellers.D Frequent une_pected secret checks.23

21、.The word “e_pedited” (Liner 4, Para.5) is closet in meaning to A quieter.B cheaper.C wider.D faster.24.One problem with the PreCheck program is A a dramatic reduction of its scale.B its wrongly-directed implementation.C the governments reluctance to back it.D an unreasonable price for enrollment.25

22、.Which of the follog would be the best for the te_t? A Less Screening for More Safety B PreCheck a Belated Solution C Getting Stuck in Security Lines D Underused PreCheck Lanes 答案：21-25 ACDDC Te_t 2 “The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaiis last reigning monarch, in

23、 1897.Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society.Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today.Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanitys view of the cosmos.At issue is

24、the TMTs planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens.But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the worlds most powerful telescopes.Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Keas peak rises above the bulk of our plas

25、 dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new.A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occ

26、upation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers.In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world.They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Keas fragile ecosyst

27、ems or its holiness to the islands inhabitants.Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization.The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that fi

28、rst brought early Polynesians to Hawaiis shores inspires astronomers today to e_plore the heavens.Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we e

29、from and where we are going.Perhaps that is why we e_plore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy munity is making promises to change its use of Mauna Kea.The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescopes visibility around the

30、 island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact.To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state.There is no reason why everyone cannot be weled on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural herit

31、age and to study the stars.26.Queen Liliuokalanis remark in Paragraph 1 indicates A her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.B the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.Cthe regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.D her reciation of star watchers feats in her

32、 time.27.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to A its geographical features.B its protective surroundings.C its religious implications.D its e_isting infrastructure.28.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because A it may risk ruining their intellectual life

33、.B it reminds them of a humiliating history.C their culture will lose a chance of revival.D they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in todays astronomy A is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.B helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.

34、C may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.D will eventually soften Hawaiians hostility.30.The authors attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of A severe criticism.B passive acceptance.C slight hesitancy.D full roval.答案：26-30 DABCC Te_t 3 Robert F.Kennedy once said that a countr

35、ys GDP measures “everything e_cept that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over

36、half a century.Many argue that it is a flawed concept.It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do.By most recent measures, the UKs GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures.If everything was going so well, then why did over 1

37、7 million people vote for Bre_it, despite the warnings about what it could do to their countrys economic prospects? A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question.Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest

38、 performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens.Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are p

39、erforming.While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes.Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2021 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline.Yet this isnt

40、the case with all countries.Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, ine equality and environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a countrys success, the world lo

41、oks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most mon method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough.It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outes all things that contribute t

42、o a persons sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth.But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures

43、could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31.Robert F.Kennedy is cited because he Apraised the UK for its GDP.Bidentified GDP with hiness.Cmisinterpreted the role of GDP.Dhad a low opinion of GDP.32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Athe UK is reluctant to remold its economic

44、pattern.Bthe UK will contribute less to the world economy.CGDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.Dpolicymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.33.Which of the follog is true about the recent annual study? AIt e_cludes GDP as an indicator.BIt is sponsored by 163 countrie

45、s.CIts criteria are questionable.DIts results are enlightening.34.In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that Athe UK is preparing for an economic boom.Bhigh GDP foreshadows an economic decline.Cit is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.Dit requires caution to handle economic issues.35

46、.Which of the follog is the best for the te_t? AHigh GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK lesson BGDP figures, a dow on Global Economic Health C Robert F.Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP DBre_it, the UKs Gateway to Well-being 答案：31-35 DCDCA Te_t 4 In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has over

47、turned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell.But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Role_ watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a pany seeking access to government.The high courts decision said the

48、 judge in Mr.McDonnells trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governors decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those

49、officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as roval of a contract or regulation.Simply arranging a meeting, making a

50、phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act.” The courts ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal.Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery.“The basic pact underlying repr

51、esentative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.” But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to gove

52、rnment.Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a caign donation or a personal gift.This type of integrity requires will-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meeti

53、ngs, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leaders source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption.But it is not always corruption.Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy.If

54、connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society that all are equal in treatment by government- is undermined.Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The courts ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official fa

55、voritism.36.The underlined sentence(Para.1) most probably shows that the court A avoided defining the e_tent of McDonnells duties.B made no promise in convicting McDonnell.C was contemptuous of McDonnells conduct.D refused to ment on McDonnells ethics.37.According to Paragraph 4, an official act is

56、deemed corruptive only if it involves A concrete returns for gift-givers.B sizable gains in the form of gifts.C leaking secrets intentionally.D breaking contracts officially.38.The courts ruling is d on the assumption that public officials are A allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.B

57、 qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.C justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.D e_empt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39.Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to A awaken the conscience of officials.B guarantee fair play in official access.C allow for cer