公共采購(gòu)中的信息技術(shù)

1、Information Technology in Public Procurement公共采購(gòu)中的信息技術(shù)Jeff WoodhamsIT 信息技術(shù)uTargets 目標(biāo)unotification 通告upurchasing cards采購(gòu)卡uEDI電子商務(wù)utendering 招標(biāo)Targets for IT in Public Procurement公共采購(gòu)中信息技術(shù)的目標(biāo)uEurope 歐洲uUK 英國(guó)Going Electronic通過(guò)電子途徑SIMAP and Other InitiativesbyJeff WoodhamsOJEC Notices 歐盟官方通告020,00040,0

2、0060,00080,000100,000120,000140,00019921993199419951996NumberInformation on Contracts合同信息uPublic contracts announced in 公共采購(gòu)信息發(fā)布在 Official Journal - OJEC CD-ROM 歐盟官方通告Tenders Electronic Daily - TED 招標(biāo)電子日?qǐng)?bào)SIMAPEuro Info Centres 歐洲信息中心trade associations 貿(mào)易協(xié)會(huì)chambers of commerce 商會(huì)other services by sub

3、scription (eg Contrax Weekly) 其他刊物SIMAP Projects SIMAP 項(xiàng)目 uNotification 通告udissemination 傳播umarket monitoring and analysis 市場(chǎng)調(diào)查和分析uinformation exchange between purchasers and suppliers 采購(gòu)方與供應(yīng)方的信息交換SIMAP Benefits SIMAP的好處uautomatic translation自動(dòng) 翻譯uno postal delays無(wú)郵政延誤uautomatic replies自動(dòng)回復(fù)ucost sav

4、ings 節(jié)約費(fèi)用SIMAPSIMAPSCUSCUNoticesstatisticsenquirersesp.SMEsCommissionOPOCETEDFuture in Europe歐洲的未來(lái)ustandards for high volume transactions為大批量交易設(shè)置的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)upilots for SMEs 在SMEs方面的領(lǐng)先者Sweden瑞典N(xiāo)orway挪威Finland芬蘭France法國(guó)uconstruction industry initiatives (eg Latham)建筑工業(yè)提出的Standards標(biāo)準(zhǔn)uall users to have a unique

5、 address所有用戶(hù)使用唯一的地址uaddressing uses X 400 地址使用X400usecurity to allow cheap encryption加密保證安全uauthentication to prove origin 鑒定原始來(lái)源uproof of receipt單據(jù)證明utime lock for tenders 為招標(biāo)者鎖定時(shí)間ProcureNet or Internet?采購(gòu)網(wǎng)或英特網(wǎng)Purchasing Cards采購(gòu)卡uwork like credit cards如信用卡u“super” petty cash 資金量不大ucover simple tran

6、sactions包括簡(jiǎn)單的交易u(yù)issued to end users發(fā)放給使用者upenalties for abuse懲罰濫用者ufeedback on spend is weak花費(fèi)反饋不好Purchasing Systems采購(gòu)系統(tǒng)ucan be tailored to the needs of the purchaser可以按采購(gòu)者需要定做ucan be limited to certain suppliers可以限制在一定的供應(yīng)商ucan be limited to certain products可以限制一定的商品umake life easy for end-users and

7、 procurement departments alike 簡(jiǎn)化最終用戶(hù)和采購(gòu)部門(mén)工作uprovide detailed analysis of spend 提供詳細(xì)的開(kāi)支分析uorders can be sent electronically 訂貨可以在網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行Useful Internet SitesElectronic Procurement網(wǎng)上采購(gòu)Jeff WoodhamsWhich Aspects Benefit?哪些方面可以受益uHigh volume transactions大批量交易invoices 發(fā)貨單call offs 取消delivery advice 交貨方式pur

8、chase orders 訂單uhigh complexity 復(fù)雜性高drawings 繪圖Typical Invoice Pattern10 50 100300600800 1k 1.5k2k 2.5k3k 5k 10k 10kInvoice amount in 050,000100,000150,000200,000No of invoicesExternal invoices received by 5 Swedish local authorities - total 620065 invoicesPre-Contract Messages合同開(kāi)始前信息call for compet

9、itionexpression of interestinformation requiredinformation & certificatesrequest for rules & criteriarules & criteriadecision on qualification & reasons if rejectedselection of tender listenquiry documentationrequests for additional documentsadditional documentsrequests for clarifica

10、tionadditional informationtenderstender assessmentrequest for clarificationresponsecontract awardP U R C H A S E R S U P P L I E R S Post Contract Messages合同后期信息ready for deliverydelivery cominginvoiceprogress reportsrequest for quote for variationquotation for cost & timevariation instructionno

11、tification of claim eventmitigation instructionscosts claimedrequest for clarificationclarificationdecision on claimcertification of workpaymentnotification of defectsfinal certificateP U R C H A S E R S U P P L I E R Legal Validity法律有效性No problem in UK 英國(guó)沒(méi)有問(wèn)題burden of proof 驗(yàn)證負(fù)擔(dān)security 安全性authenti

12、city 真實(shí)性serial numbers 序號(hào)separate legal agreement may be desirableessential between countries在各國(guó)間要求有法定協(xié)議Vertical Markets 市場(chǎng)Automotive industry - Odette 汽車(chē)工業(yè)construction industry 建筑工業(yè)retailing 零售業(yè)health care 保健EDI in Car Industry汽車(chē)工業(yè)的電子商務(wù)raw materialcomponent suppliersub-assemblysuppliercar makerdeal

13、ersub-assembly suppliercomponent supplierrawmaterialrawmaterialEDI in Construction Industry建筑工業(yè)的電子商務(wù)sub-sub-contractorsub-contractormaincontractorclientengineersurveyorarchitectsub-contractorsub-sub-contractorEDI in Retail Industry零售業(yè)的電子商務(wù)packagingingredientscarrierssuppliersuppliercarriersretailers

14、torestoreClosed Systemssupplier Xsupplier Yproprietarysystem Acustomersupplierproprietarysystem Cretailer Sretailer Tproprietarysystem Bproprietarysystem DEU Procurement Directives歐盟采購(gòu)指令uCover包括-central government中央政府local government地方政府utility companies公共事業(yè)urequire要求-advertising of needsu 公布需求 no d

15、iscrimination非歧視open specifications公開(kāi)技術(shù)規(guī)范objective assessment客觀評(píng)估EU Procurement Directives歐盟采購(gòu)指令avoiding discrimination means避免歧視方法open EDI 公開(kāi)電子商務(wù)&cheap entry costs參加費(fèi)低廉Projects 項(xiàng)目ucharacteristics -特征low volume 量小high value 價(jià)值高h(yuǎn)igh complexity高度復(fù)雜long timescales 時(shí)間長(zhǎng)subject to variations 可能發(fā)生變更Pro

16、jects項(xiàng)目uconsistent information前后一致的信息umanaging information信息管理uall parties must be able to access information所有人能夠進(jìn)入信息系統(tǒng)uaccess to information on site 在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)獲取信息not home base不在總部potentially hostile environment潛在不利的環(huán)境下Internetudata path數(shù)據(jù)路徑Supplier 供應(yīng)商供應(yīng)商Purchaser 采購(gòu)者采購(gòu)者EEG 12 Public ProcurementEEG 12 公

17、共采購(gòu)notices to OPOCE通知OPOCEqualification of suppliers供應(yīng)商資格審查electronic enquiry and tendering電子詢(xún)問(wèn)和招標(biāo)Electronic Procurement電子采購(gòu)useamless matching of needs and offers完全符合采購(gòu)者的要求ufast 迅速u(mài)secure 安全uauthenticated 驗(yàn)證ureliable 可靠EEG12 Study EEG12研究uconcentrate on simple?purchases 集中在簡(jiǎn)單采購(gòu)上ustart with enquiry a

18、nd tender 以詢(xún)問(wèn)和招標(biāo)開(kāi)始uconsider process in several countries考慮不同國(guó)家的程序ucover non-EDI electronic solutions包括非電子商務(wù)的電子解決方案Existing EDI當(dāng)前的電子商務(wù)uREQOTE and QUOTES重新報(bào)價(jià)usome changes are necessary作一些必要的改變upilot before change requests start在改變要求之前進(jìn)行試點(diǎn)Directives - Need for Change指令需要改變uqualification system for publ

19、ic sector 資格認(rèn)證體系uframework agreements essential for all 框架協(xié)議uminimum time limits should be abolished for electronic tenders 電子招標(biāo)要廢除原有的時(shí)間限制uaccelerated timescales should be regarded as the norm 提高采購(gòu)的時(shí)間效率unon-electronic suppliers should be able to continue to participate via wired agents 非電子供應(yīng)商應(yīng)當(dāng)可以繼續(xù)通

20、過(guò)其他具上網(wǎng)能力的機(jī)構(gòu)參加競(jìng)爭(zhēng)Pilot Project 試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目uhealthcare sector suggested建議在保健部門(mén)實(shí)行uessential pre-requisites基礎(chǔ)必需品Essential Requirements for Pilot 試點(diǎn)的基本要求ustandard enquiry documentation標(biāo)準(zhǔn)查詢(xún)文件ustandard tender return 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)投標(biāo)ustandard contract conditions標(biāo)準(zhǔn)合同條件ustandard EDI agreement 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電子商務(wù)協(xié)議uEuropean level registration system歐洲水平的注冊(cè)系統(tǒng)Essential Requirements for Pilot 試點(diǎn)的基本要求uelectronic support systems 電子支持系統(tǒng)contract databases 合同數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)standards and specifications databases 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和技術(shù)規(guī)范數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)ustandard product+service codes 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)產(chǎn)品+服務(wù)代碼product specific but not manufacturer specifi