2020-2021中考英語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)閱讀理解(含答案)

1、2020-2021中考英語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)閱讀理解（含答案）一、英語(yǔ)閱讀理解專項(xiàng)練習(xí)試卷1 .閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。DFriendship can help you stick to your aims and make you more successful, according to an article in Times.Carlin Flora, the writer, who has studied friendship for years, finds that if you really want to change something in yo

2、ur life, you can develop friendship with people who have the same aims as you do.Friends can help make your own will stronger. Following good examples can help you get rid of bad behaviors and form new, healthier ones. For example, after a busy and tiring day, you probably want to go home and watch

3、TV. However, your friend knocks on your door and asks you to go jogging with him. After jogging, you talk over coffee together. This is much better than just sitting in the room watching TV.Flora also points out that its best to stop bad habits by turning attention to different, good ones. Instead o

4、f staying at home alone and spending hours in front of your computer, building up friendship with those who have the values and habits you admire will lift you up more easily.We all wish to be with, and be liked by our friends. When you have friendship with people with strong wills and good behavior

5、s, you will not only succeed more easily, but also find joy on your journey.(1) The underlined word ones in the third paragraph meansA. examplesB. behaviorsC. friendsD. aims(2) In the writers opinion, s better for you after a busy and tiring day.A. sitting in the room watching TVB. staying at home a

6、loneC. spending hours in front of your computerD. jogging with a friend(3) According to the writer, we should make friends with those whoA. have the values and habits we admire B. often go jogging with usC. have the same jobs as we doD. talk over coffee with us(4) The main idea of this passage is.A.

7、 friends can help make your own will strongerB. we all wish to be with, and be liked by our friendsC. its best to stop had habits by turning attention to different, good onesD. friendship can help you stick to your aims and make you more successful 【答案】(1) B（2） D（3） A（4） D【解析】 【分析】短文大意：朋友可以幫助你堅(jiān)持目標(biāo)并變

8、得更加成功，研究表明，和那些擁有你所羨慕的價(jià)值觀或習(xí)慣的人交朋友，你會(huì)更快樂(lè)，更容易成功。（ 1 ）詞義推測(cè)題。結(jié)合句意可知是消除不好的行為，形成好的，健康的行為，故ones 指的是行為，選B。（ 2 ）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從After jogging, you talk over coffee together. This is much better than justsitting in the room watching TV可知作者認(rèn)為和朋友慢跑后，一邊喝咖啡一邊聊天更好，故 選 D。（ 3 ）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從building up friendship with those who have

9、 the values and habits youadmire will lift you up more easily. 可知選 A。（ 4 ）主旨概括題。文章第一段就提到了短文的中心，故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】考查對(duì)篇章的把握和對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的識(shí)別能力，答題時(shí)注意緊扣問(wèn)題中的關(guān)鍵詞，在文 章中尋找答案。2 閱讀理解One year, a college in the United States announced that it would offer a lot of money for the pure white marigold（ 金盞花 ）. The high reward attracted

10、so many people, but in the nature, besides golden, the marigold is brown, and it is not easy to get the white one. So after they were excited for a time, many people had forgotten the announcement.One normal day after 20 years, the college received a letter and 100 seeds of pure white marigold. It w

11、as an old woman of over 70 years old. Some experts in the college doubted it, but in order not to let her down, those seeds finally took root （根） in the earth. The miracle appeared after one year; the field was covered by pure white marigold.Therefore, the old woman who was always unknown to the pub

12、lic became a new focus.The old woman was a flower-lover. When she read the announcement 20 years ago, she got very excited like others. But her eight children were totally against her decision. After all, a woman who never knew the seed genetics（遺傳學(xué)）couldnt complete what the experts could never do,

13、so her thought was only a day dream.Still, the old woman didnt change her mind and went on working. She planted some of the most common seeds and took good care of them. A year later, when the marigold came out, she chose one faintest（ 最暗淡的 ） from those golden and brown flowers and got the best seed

14、. The next year, she again grew them and chose.Day after day, year after year, through many seasons, the old womans husband died, her children flew far, a lot of things happened in her life, but only the wish to grow the pure white marigold took root in her heart.Finally, after 20 years on the day w

15、e all know, in the garden she saw a marigold, which was nearly white, but as white as silver or snow.A problem even experts couldnt deal with was solved by an old woman who didnt understand genetics. Was it a miracle (奇跡)？To take root in the heart, even the most common seed, can grow into a miracle!

16、11) According to the passage,marigold is unusual.A. whiteB. purpleC. brownD. golden(2) It can be learned from the passage that.A. the children didnt agree on their mothers decisionB. the woman needed the great reward for her big familyC. the experts also succeeded in growing the white marigoldD. the

17、 woman took good care of the flowers instead of her family(3) The woman successfully grew the white marigold at last because sheA. was luckier than expertsB. put her heart into flowersC. got support from her familyD. studied the seed genetics well(4) The passage mainly talks about.A. the difficultie

18、s of getting the white marigoldB. the possibility of going beyond expertsC. the unforgettable development of marigoldD. the importance of holding on to dreams【答案】(1) A A (3) B (4) D【解析】【分析】這篇短文主要介紹了關(guān)于金盞花的故事。介紹了老婦人堅(jiān)持夢(mèng)想的重要性。(1) A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) One year, a college in the United States announced that it woul

19、d offer a lot of money for the pure white marigold(金盞花).可知白色的金盞花是不尋常的，故選Ao (2) A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) But her eight children were totally against her decision.可知老 婦人的八個(gè)孩子反對(duì)老婦人的決定。根據(jù)句意，故選Ao (3) B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) Finally,after 20 years on the day we all know, in the garden she saw a marigold, which was nearly white, but

20、as white as silver or snow.可知最后，20年后的一天我們都知道，在花園里，她看到了一 個(gè)金盞花，這幾乎是白色的，但白色或雪。因?yàn)樗眯牡胤N植這些種子，故選Bo (4) D綜合理解題。此篇文章主要是為了說(shuō)明堅(jiān)持夢(mèng)想的重要性。故選 Do3 .閱讀下列材料，然后從 A B C D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能回答所提問(wèn)題或完成所給句子的 最佳選項(xiàng)。One year, a college in the United States announced that it would offer a lot of money for the pure white marigold（金盞花）.The

21、 high reward attracted so many people, but in the nature, besides golden, the marigold is brown, and it is not easy to get the white one. So after they were excited for a time, many people had forgotten the announcement.One normal day after 20 years, the college received a letter and 100 seeds of pu

22、re white marigold. It was an old woman of over 70 years old. Some experts in the college doubted it, but in order not to let her down, those seeds finally took root （根）in the earth. The miracle appeared after one year; the field was covered by pure white marigold.Therefore, the old woman who was alw

23、ays unknown to the public became a new focus.The old woman was a flower-lover. When she read the announcement 20 years ago, she got very excited like others. But her eight children were totally against her decision. After all, a woman who never knew the seed genetics（遺傳學(xué)）couldnt complete what the ex

24、perts could never do, so her thought was only a day dream.Still, the old woman didnt change her mind and went on working. She planted some of the most common seeds and took good care of them. A year later, when the marigold came out, she chose one faintest（最暗淡的）from those golden and brown flowers an

25、d got the best seed. The next year, she again grew them and chose .Day after day, year after year, through many seasons, the old womans husband died, her children flew far, a lot of things happened in her life, but only the wish to grow the pure white marigold took root in her heart.Finally, after 2

26、0 years on the day we all know, in the garden she saw a marigold, which was nearly white, but as white as silver or snow.A problem even experts couldnt deal with was solved by an old woman who didnt understand genetics. Was it a miracle （奇跡）？To take root in the heart, even the most common seed, can

27、grow into a miracle!（1） According to the passage,marigold is unusual.A. whiteB. purpleC. brownD. golden（2） It can be learned from the passage that.A. the children didnt agree on their mothers decisionB. the woman needed the great reward for her big familyC. the experts also succeeded in growing the

28、white marigoldD. the woman took good care of the flowers instead of her family（3） The woman successfully grew the white marigold at last because she.A. was luckier than expertsB. put her heart into flowersC. got support from her familyD. studied the seed genetics well（4） The passage mainly talks abo

29、ut.A. the difficulties of getting the white marigold B. the possibility of going beyond expertsC. the unforgettable development of marigold D. the importance of holding on to dreams 【答案】(1) A A (3) B (4) D【解析】【分析】本文通過(guò)一個(gè)70多歲的老婦人歷時(shí) 20年終于培育出純白色金盞花的故事告訴我們，只要堅(jiān)守希望和夢(mèng)想，奇跡就會(huì)發(fā)生。推理判斷。 white白色；purple紫色；brown棕色；

30、golden金色。根據(jù)第一段 but in the nature, besides golden, the marigold is brown, and it is not easy to get the white one 可知 自然界 中除了金色的金盞花之外只有棕色白A,找到白色的很難。故選Ao細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段But her eight children were totally against her decision可知她的八個(gè)孩子完全反對(duì)她的決定。故選Ao推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段but only the wish to grow the pure white marigold too

31、k root in herheart可知只有種出純白色金盞花的希望在她心里扎下根。故選 B。主旨大意。本文通過(guò)一個(gè)20年的努力終于種出了白色金盞花的事說(shuō)明只要堅(jiān)守希望和夢(mèng)想，奇跡就會(huì)發(fā)生。故選Do【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查對(duì)篇章的把握和對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的識(shí)別能力，答題時(shí)注意緊扣問(wèn)題中的關(guān)鍵詞，在文 章中尋找答案。4 .閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容判斷句子正誤。Dear Dr. Green,My relationship with my mother is worse and worse now. It seems shes never tired of talking. She talks here and there

32、, day and night. More seriously, I feel like we dont have much in common. She doesnt always understand what Im trying to say. What should I do?YoursJimDear Jim,I know how you feel. Its not easy being your age. And its not easy being a mother, either.Its common for kids to have trouble talking with p

33、arents, and talkative mothers are not new to teenagers. But remember, shes nagging （嘮叨）you because she just wants whats best for you. Talking is her way to show love and care. And she also wants to know more about you. After a days work, shes tired, too. But she will never be tired of carinc about y

34、ou. Kids should learn to understand and care about parents.In my opinion, its helpful to share school life with her. Then, you talk and she listens. Doing some housework together with her is another good way for you two to know each other better. And if possible, often tell her your feelings about t

35、he things around you. Always keep in mind: be polite and patient.YoursDr. Greer(1) Jim wrote to Dr. Green because he had trouble getting on with his friends.(2) In Jims eyes, his mother doesnt always understand what hes trying to say.(3) Dr. Green thinks its common for kids to have trouble talking w

36、ith their parents.(4) In Dr. Greens opinion, talking is a way for mothers to relax after a days work.(5) Dr. Green explains three reasons for moms nagging and offers three suggestions.【答案】(1)01(3) 1(4) 0(5)【解析】【分析】主要講了 Jim給格林先生介紹自己的問(wèn)題是與媽媽的關(guān)系越來(lái)越糟，格 林先生給Jim回復(fù)告訴他解決辦法。11) 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù) My relationship with my

37、mother is worse and worse now. 可知 Jim 和媽媽 的關(guān)系越來(lái)越糟，而不是朋友，故選錯(cuò)誤。(2)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù) She doesnt always understand what Im trying to say.可知 Jim 認(rèn)為媽媽不 理解Jim說(shuō)的，故選正確。(3)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù) Its common for kids to have trouble talking with parents可知對(duì)于孩子們來(lái)說(shuō)和父母交流有困難是普遍的，故選正確。(4)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù) After a days work, shes tired, too. But she will

38、never be tired of caring about you.可知文章沒(méi)說(shuō)交流是放松的一種方法，故選錯(cuò)誤。(5)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段可知講了三個(gè)原因：父母想給孩子最好的，展示愛(ài)和關(guān)心，想 更多了解你。第三段講了三個(gè)方法：分享學(xué)校生活，做家務(wù)，告訴父母自己的情感，故選 正確?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解，主要考查細(xì)節(jié)題，注意從文中仔細(xì)尋找答案。5 .閱讀理解When it comes to helping developing countries, we often think about offering money in order that they can build schools an

39、d hospitals, buy food and medicine, or find clean water supplies. These seem to be the most important basic needs in their lives. However, its far from enough. We have to come up with better ideas.A man called Nicholas Negroponte invented a cheap laptop computer, which he decided to invent after he

40、visited a school in Cambodia. The laptop which Mr. Negroponte has designed is not the same as the normal one that you can buy in the shops. One difference is that it will be covered in rubber so that it is strong and wont be damaged easily. As an electricity supply can be a problem in developing cou

41、ntries, the computer also has a special handle in order that children can wind the computer up_to give it extra power when needed.This special laptop computer will cost less than 100 US dollars and Mr. Negroponte wants to produce as many as 15 million laptop computers in the first year. The idea is

42、that these computers will help the childrens education as they will be able to access the Internet. These computers might not benefit the people in developing countries immediately, but by improving childrens education they should help people to find their own solutions to their problems in the long

43、 term.Another idea to help children in developing countries is to recycle old mobile phones so that they can be used again. In the UK. And probably in many other countries too, millions of mobile phones are thrown away every year. The waste crested by throwing away thee old phones is very bed for th

44、e environment, so it seems to be an excellent idea to achieve two important goals at the same time. We will reduce the waste we produce and help others. In other words, we will be able to kill two birds with one and that is always a good thing.(1) The underlined phrase wind up in paragraph 2 means A

45、.吹風(fēng)B.給土發(fā)條.C.搖上D.利用空氣使(2) The laptop computer that Mr. Negroponte has designedA. will be damaged much easier than the normal oneB. has a special handle to access the InternetC. is cheap and can run with extra powerD. can be helpful to find the peoples own solutions(3) According to the passage, what b

46、enefit can we get from recycling old mobile phones?A. We can reduce the waste to protect the environment.B. We can help children in developing countries reuse the old mobile phones.C. it is good for the environment and very educative for phone users.D. It not only reduces the waste produced by devel

47、oped countries but also helps the children in developing countries.(4) Mr. Negropontes cheap computer is mentioned in the passage to A. illustrate the kindness of people in the developed countriesB. tell us what high technology can help peopleC. show how to find business opportunities in developing

48、countriesD. give an example of how to help developing countries Which is the best idea the author gives us to help the developing countries?A. We need to help people in developing countries to help themselves , not just throw money at the problem.B. We should spend much money helping people in devel

49、oping countries build more schools and hospitals.C. We should think about giving help to developing countries more often.D. We should help the people in developing countries by improving childrens education immediately.【答案】(1) B(2) C(3) D(4) DA【解析】【分析】主要講了 Nicholas Negroponte發(fā)明了一種便宜的手提電腦和循環(huán)使用手 機(jī)來(lái)幫助發(fā)

50、展中國(guó)家。(1)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù) give it extra power when needed.當(dāng)需要的時(shí)候給它額外的能量，是通過(guò) 特殊的把柄來(lái)產(chǎn)生能量，即通過(guò)上發(fā)條，故選B。(2)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù) A man called Nicholas Negroponte invented a cheap laptop computer 和 give it extra power when needed.可知手提電腦是便宜的，并且有額外的能量，故選C。(3)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù) We will reduce the waste we produce and help others.可知不僅降低了廢棄物污染，而且?guī)椭?/p>

51、了發(fā)展中國(guó)家，故選 D。(4)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段 We have to come up with better ideas.可知是幫助發(fā)展中國(guó)家更 好的主意的例子，故選 Do(5)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段可知幫助發(fā)展中國(guó)家時(shí)不僅僅是提供給他們金錢，而且要通過(guò)更好的方法來(lái)讓他們自己幫助自己，故選 Ao【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解，主要考查細(xì)節(jié)題，注意從文中仔細(xì)尋找答案。6 .閱讀理解When he didnt become famous, Albert Einstein, one of the greatest scientists in the world, lived a hard life, weari

52、ng casually. Someone reminded him he should have a decent( 彳導(dǎo)體的)coat so as to enter the society.He said, Im unknown. Even if I wear more handsomely, no one will know me. A few years later, Einstein became a world-famous scientist, who still wore casually. The man again reminded he should have a coat

53、 made quickly, or it would disagree with the fame of a great scientist. Einstein said with a smile, Now, even if I wear ragged(衣衫襤褸的)clothes, people will know me.Sometimes, he even wore a sports shirt and a pair of sandals to the University of Berlin when he worked as a professor in Germany. His fri

54、ends didnt agree with him, but he said jokingly, If the bag is better than the meat inside, it will be a bad thing.Indeed, many a time, if we dont adorn( 修飾；裝飾)ourselves from the appearance but let the skeleton(骨架;骨骼)of the spirit stand up, we wont fall over in this world.(1) Einstein was a great.A.

55、 reporterB. writerC. scientistD. artist(2) Before becoming famous, when someone reminded him to have a decent coat. Einstein.A. had a decent coat quicklyB. still wore casuallyC. quarreled with the personD. wore more handsomely then(3) What can we learn from the fourth paragraph?A. Einstein was unfri

56、endly to his friends.B. Einstein once studied in the University of Berlin.C. Einstein didnt like his work as a professor in Germany.D. Einstein thought the things inside a person were more important than the appearance.【答案】(1) CB(3) D【解析】【分析】文章大意：世界著名科學(xué)家愛(ài)因斯坦成名前后都穿著隨意，面對(duì)人們的 勸說(shuō)，他的回答發(fā)人深思。他認(rèn)為：一個(gè)人內(nèi)在的品質(zhì)要比

57、外表更重要。我們應(yīng)該讓精神 的骨架站起來(lái)，才能立于不敗之地。(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文中語(yǔ)句Albert Einstein, one of the greatest scientists in the world 可知，愛(ài)因斯坦是一位偉大的科學(xué)家。故選 Co(2)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后Someone reminded him he should have a decent(得體的)coat so as to enter the society.有人提醒他為了融入社會(huì)他應(yīng)該有一件得體的外套“；第二段語(yǔ)句 He said, Im unknown. Even if I wear more hands

58、omely, no one will know me. 愛(ài)因斯坦回 答 我沒(méi)有名氣。即便我穿得更英俊漂亮，也沒(méi)有人會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)我?！庇纱送茢?，愛(ài)因斯坦沒(méi)有聽(tīng)從別人勸告，依然穿著很隨意，故選Bo(3)推理判斷題。閱讀短文第四段可知，愛(ài)因斯坦在柏林大學(xué)工作時(shí)，穿著運(yùn)動(dòng)衫和涼 鞋去學(xué)校，朋友們不贊同時(shí)，他說(shuō)如果袋子比里面的肉好，那將是一件壞事。”這里愛(ài)因斯坦將袋子和肉分別比作人的外在和內(nèi)在，故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。本文考查細(xì)節(jié)題和推理判斷等常考題型，推理判斷題要注意從文 中抓住關(guān)鍵詞尋找答案；主旨題需要通讀全文，了解大意之后找出正確選項(xiàng)。7 .閱讀理解How many of us have reached into our draw