【2019最新】精選高考英語語法必考考點(diǎn)13名詞性從句含解析

1、【 2019 最新】精選高考英語語法必考考點(diǎn)13 名詞性從句含解析(精選)【考點(diǎn)解讀】一、名詞性從句的種類名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句。二、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞1連接代詞： who, whose, whom, what, which有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分，如主語、表語、賓語或定語等。It has not been decided yet when we will leave.We are worrying about what we should do next.2連接副詞： when, where, why, how有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分，作狀語。It mak

2、es no difference where we shall have the meeting.3連接詞： whether, if, as if, if (whether), as if雖有詞義，但在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用；that無詞義，在從句中也不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用，有時(shí)可省略。My suggestionis thatwe (should)have a discussionabout thismatter.歡迎下載。The question whether we need more time to do the work hasntbeen discussed.三、

3、that, what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句的區(qū)別引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)， that沒有詞義，在從句中不作任何成分。當(dāng)從句意義完整，不缺任何成分時(shí)，往往選用that ；而 what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，意為“什么”或“ 的”，在從句中用來作主語、表語或賓語。What was most important to her, she told me, was her family.( 主語從句； what 作主語 )As a new graduate, he doesnt know what it takes to start abusiness here. (賓語從句； what 作賓語 )China is no

4、 longer what she used to be. (表語從句； what 作表語)It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuadinghim to change his mind. (主語從句 )One reason forher preferencefor citylifeisthatshe can haveeasy access to places like shops and restaurants. (表語從句)【點(diǎn)睛】(1)that引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，常用it作形式主語，常見句型有： it be形容詞 ( 如：o

5、bvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, evident,【2019最新】精選高考英語語法必考考點(diǎn)13名詞性從句含解析clear, apparent等) that從句。Isittruethatthe scientistwillgiveus a lecturenextweek?it be名詞 ( 如： no wonder,an honour,a good thing,a pity,no surprise等) that 從句。It s a great

6、 pity thatit s probably the lasttime this willhappen. it be過去分詞 ( 如： said, reported, thought, estimated,expected, decided, announced, arranged, recognized等) that從句。It is known to all that physical exercises can improve our physical and mental health.類似句型還有： It cannotbe denied that. /Itmust be admitt

7、edthat .it 動(dòng)詞 ( 如： seem, appear, happen, occur to sb., doesntmatter, make no difference等) that從句。It doesnt matter whether you turnrightor leftat thecrossing both roads lead to the park.It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in theoffice.(2)that 引導(dǎo)主語從句，置于句首時(shí)， that 不能省略。 That we are inv

8、ited to a concert this evening is good news to us.3/293/29(3)that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，?？墒÷浴？山觮hat從句作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：see, say, know, imagine,discover,believe,tell,show, think,consider,be sure,be afraid等。可以接復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞有：think,make, consider, find, feel, suppose等，在他們之后，可以用it作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語that從句后置。此時(shí)that不可省略。Do you know (that) he

9、has joined the army?We consideritnecessarythatheshouldimprovehispronunciation.(4) 當(dāng)一個(gè)句子有兩個(gè)或多個(gè)并列的賓語從句時(shí)，除第一個(gè)從句的that外，都不可省略。He told me (that) the power would be cut off and that I shouldget ready.(5) 引導(dǎo)表語從句： that 引導(dǎo)表語從句，不可省略。My decisionisthatallofus aretostartat6 oclocktomorrow.四、連接詞 whether/if(是否 ) 的用

10、法兩者都可引導(dǎo)賓語從句，?？苫Q使用。但以下情況不能互換：1賓語從句是否定句時(shí)，只用if ，不用 whether 。I wonder if it doesnt rain.2用 if會(huì)引起誤解，就要用whether 。Please letme know whether you want to go. ( 此句如果把whether改成if,可作條件狀語從句，因而產(chǎn)生歧義。)【2019最新】精選高考英語語法必考考點(diǎn)13名詞性從句含解析3賓語從句中的whether 與 or not直接連用，就不能換成if 。I don t know whether or not the report is true.

11、4介詞后的賓語從句要用whether 引導(dǎo)。 whether 可與不定式連用，也可引導(dǎo)主語從句、 表語從句、同位語從句，還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。Whether you can make progress in your study depends on whether you try your best.I don t know whether to laugh or to cry.Whether you like that gift he gave you, you should express your gratitude.5在句首引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)只能用whether 。doubt 用于肯定句

12、時(shí)，其后的賓語從句用whether 或 if引導(dǎo)； doubt 用于否定句時(shí)，其后的從句用 that引導(dǎo)。Whether they will agree with the plan is not clear.I doubt whether/if you have told me the truth.I don t doubt that you are the right person for the job.五、 whoever, whatever,whichever,wherever, whenever, however的用法它們的作用等同于who, what, which, where,

13、when, how,但語氣加強(qiáng)了。這類詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)， 不能用 no matter who/what .代替。1引導(dǎo)主語從句。 Whoever did this job must be rewarded.2引導(dǎo)賓語從句， 充當(dāng)直接賓語。I llgive you however muchmoney5/295/29you need.3引導(dǎo)賓語從句， 充當(dāng)間接賓語。 She willgive whoever needs helpa hand.4引導(dǎo)介詞的賓語從句。You can writeabout whatever topicyouprefer.5引導(dǎo)賓語從句，充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語。Well mak

14、e him whatever heis fit for.六、主要考點(diǎn)及突破技巧主語從句 :1. 主要考點(diǎn) :1) that 引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí) , 常用 it 作形式主語 , 常見的句型 :It+ be+形容詞 + that從句It+ be+名詞(短語 )+ that從句It+ be+過去分詞(said/told/reported/decided等)+ that從句It+特殊動(dòng)詞(seems/ appears/ happens/ matters)+ that從句2) what與that在引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別:what引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分,如主語、賓語、表語,而that引導(dǎo)從句,不充當(dāng)

15、成分。e.g. What you said yesterday is right. (what引導(dǎo)主語從句,作said的賓語 )That English is important is an undoubted fact. (that引導(dǎo)主語從句 ,不作任何成分,但不可省略)【2019最新】精選高考英語語法必考考點(diǎn)13名詞性從句含解析3) 主語從句若含有“是否”意義 , 其引導(dǎo)詞只能用 whether, 不能用 if 。2. 突破技巧 :1) 掌握形式主語的句式及變化，根據(jù)句意選取合適連接詞 , 除 that在句子中沒有意義 ,但不能省略外 ,其他連接詞均在句中有意義。2) what, tha

16、t, which, whether連接主語從句的區(qū)別。賓語從句 :1. 主要考點(diǎn) :1) 動(dòng)詞 find, feel, think, consider, take ( 認(rèn)為 ), make, believe, guess, suppose, assume 等后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí) , 且賓語是從句時(shí) ,需用 it作形式賓語而將that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句后置。2) 賓語從句的語序?yàn)殛愂稣Z序 ; 主句謂語動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) , 從句謂語動(dòng)詞可以用各種時(shí)態(tài) ; 主句謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí) , 從句需用過去的相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài) , 但從句若表示客觀真理、規(guī)律 , 用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。e.g. He said that he ha

17、d been to the space station.3) 由 whether 或 if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 , 要保持陳述句語序。此外 , whether 與 if 在作“是否”講時(shí) , 一般可以換用 , 但在下列情況下一般只能用 whether, 不用 if 。引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞賓語時(shí)。e.g. Everything depends on whether we have enough money.從句中有 or 或 whether or not連用時(shí)。7/297/29Tell me whether or not I should invite Nick.后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。e.g. Can yo

18、u tell me whether to go or to stay?2. 突破技巧 :1) 把握句意 , 選取合適的連接詞、時(shí)態(tài)、語序 ;2) 注意 whether 與 if 的互換和區(qū)別。表語從句 :1. 考查內(nèi)容 :1) 表語從句常跟在這些系動(dòng)詞后,如 be, look, remain, seem等。e.g. That is just what I want.2) 除常用的連接代詞、副詞外, as if/ though, because, why等也可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句。e.g. It looks asif its going to rain.3) 引導(dǎo)表語從句的 that 不能省略 ; i

19、f 不能用于引導(dǎo)表語從句。e.g. The reason is that he got up late.2. 突破技巧 :1) 理解句意 , 把握語境 , 扣準(zhǔn)連接詞在句中的含義 ;2) 掌握系動(dòng)詞后的表語從句辨析that, because, if, whether。同位語從句 :1. 考查內(nèi)容 :1) 同位語從句中的名詞：【2019最新】精選高考英語語法必考考點(diǎn)13名詞性從句含解析在復(fù)合句中 ,同位語從句說明其前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容,同位語從句通常由 that 引導(dǎo) (that advice, demand, doubt, news, order, problem,不能省略 ) ?？捎糜谕徽Z從

20、句的名詞有 fact, hope, idea, information, message, promise, question, request, suggestion,truth, wish, word等。e.g.ThenewsthattheShenzhou-Xspaceshipsetoffsuccessfully is exciting.The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.2) 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：在限制性定語從句中 , 關(guān)系代詞 that 充當(dāng)主語或賓語 , 有實(shí)際意義 , 作賓語時(shí) , 可省略。同位

21、語從句中的 that 是連詞 , 不充當(dāng)句子成分 , 沒有任何意義 , 但不可省略。e.g. The news (that) we heard on the radio was not true. (定語從句 )The news thatour footballteam won the match was encouraging.( 同位語從句 )2. 突破技巧 :1) 熟記同位語從句的常用名詞 ;2) 分析句子成分 , 防止句式變化 ;3) 采取“意義法”區(qū)別同位語從句與定語從句?！菊骖}分析】9/299/29一、單項(xiàng)選擇1. (2018 ·天津卷） The gold medal w

22、illbe awarded to _wins the first place in the bicycle race.A. whomeverB. whereverC. whoeverD. whatever【答案】C2. (2018 ·江蘇卷 ) By boat is the only way to get here, which is _ we arrived.A. whereB. whenC. whyD. how【答案】 D【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意：乘船是到達(dá)這里唯一的途徑，這就是我們?nèi)绾蔚竭_(dá)的。 分析 which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句可知，后面為表語從句，這里用連接副詞ho

23、w引導(dǎo)表語從句，充當(dāng)方式狀語，表示“如何”。故選D。3. (2018 ·卷 ) Without his support, we wouldnwe are now.A. howB. whenC. whereD. whyt be _【答案】 C【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意：沒有他的支持，我們是不會(huì)在現(xiàn)在這個(gè)位置的。 how表方式， when表時(shí)間， where 表地點(diǎn)， why表原因。“_ we are now ”是表語從句，結(jié)合句子的意思可知，該處指我們所處的位置，故該從句應(yīng)用where 引導(dǎo)。 C選項(xiàng)正確?！?019最新】精選高考英語語法必考考點(diǎn)13名詞性從句含解析4. (2018

24、·卷 ) This is _ my father has taught me always face difficulties and hope for the best. A. how B. which C. that D. whatto【答案】D5. (2017 ·) Every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.A. whateverB. whoeverC. whomeverD. whichever【答案】 B【解析】考查名詞性從句。A. whatev

25、er任何事 B. whoever任何人C. whomever 任何人 D. whichever無論哪個(gè)。句意：每年，任何一個(gè)做出最漂亮的風(fēng)箏的人將會(huì)在風(fēng)箏節(jié)獲獎(jiǎng)。空格所在部分是主語從句，缺少主語，用連接代詞，根據(jù)意思可知是人獲獎(jiǎng)，故排除AD，因?yàn)樾枰獋嵵髡Z，只能用主格代詞who，故選 B。6. (2017 ·) Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing _she was heading.A. whyB. whereC. howD. when【答案】 B試題分析： A. why為什么 B. where在哪

26、C. how如何 D. when什么時(shí)候。句意： Jane 漫無目的地走在兩旁栽樹的街道上，不知道11/2911/29她將去往何方， 根據(jù)語境可知此處是表地點(diǎn)的，很容易就可選出答案B?？键c(diǎn)：考查連詞。7. (2017 ·江蘇 ) We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _ it used to charge. A. that B. which C. what howD.【答案】 C【解析】考查賓語從句。“half ofused to charge”是$20 的同位語

27、，即原來價(jià)格的一半是現(xiàn)在的$20；另外，of 后跟名詞或名詞短語構(gòu)成介賓短語, 所以，這里是賓語從句；賓語從句中的 charge 后面缺少賓語，所以用 what 來引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并充當(dāng)賓語從句中的賓語，故選C。句意 : 我們選擇這家賓館是因?yàn)橐煌砩系淖∷拶M(fèi)降到了20 美元 , 這是該賓館過去要價(jià)的一半。8. (2017·天津 ) She asked me _ I had returned the booksto the library, and I admitted that I hadnA. whenB. whereC. whetherD. whatt.【答案】C【解析】考查賓語從

28、句。句意：他問我是否已經(jīng)把書還給圖書館了，我承認(rèn)。我還沒有還。A. 什么時(shí)候；B. 在哪里； C是否； D.什么。根據(jù)句意，故選C9. (2016 ·) Your supportis importantto our work. _ you【2019最新】精選高考英語語法必考考點(diǎn)13名詞性從句含解析can do helps.A. HoweverB. WhoeverC. WhateverD. Wherever【答案】 C10. (2016 · 江 蘇 ) It is often the case _anything is possible for those who hang

29、on to hope.A. whyB.whatC. asD.that【答案】 D【解析】考查主語從句。本句中it是形式主語，真正的主語是連接詞 that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句， 連接詞 that 在本句中不充當(dāng)任何成分， 只是一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞而已，不能省略。連接副詞 why 要在句中做狀語，連接代詞 what通常在句中做主語、賓語或表語等；as 通常不引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。句意：對(duì)于那些心存希望的人，一切皆可能是事實(shí)。故D正確。二、單句填空1.(2018 · 新課標(biāo)III卷 )I'mnotsure_61_ ismorefrightened, me or the female gorilla(大

30、猩猩）that suddenlyappears out of nowhere.【答案】which【解析】考查賓語從句。句意：不確定哪一個(gè)更害怕，是我還是突然出現(xiàn)的雌性大猩猩。此處為賓語從句，空格處表示選擇，所以用13/2913/29which 表示“哪一個(gè)”。2. (2015 ·新課標(biāo) II 卷 ) As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 70._thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.【答案】how

31、【解析】根據(jù)空格后面的thick是一個(gè)形容詞，因此填how，引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作figured out的賓語。3. (2015 ·高考安徽卷改編 ) A ship in harbor is safe ，but th at s not _ ships are built for.【答案】 what【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但這并非是建造船的目的。 that s 后跟從句作表語，表語從句中的 for 后缺少賓語，故填 what?！敬鸢浮?that【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意：我很相信美麗源自于內(nèi)心！ 本題考查賓語從句。從句部分不缺少任何成分，故填 that 。5

32、. (2015 ·高考福建卷改編 ) I wonder _Mary has kept her figure after all these years.By working out every day.【答案】 how【2019最新】精選高考英語語法必考考點(diǎn)13名詞性從句含解析6. (2015 ·高考湖南卷改編 )You have to know _ youregoing if you are to plan the best way of getting there.【答案】 where【解析】考查名詞性從句。 句意：如果你要計(jì)劃去那里的最佳方案你必須知道你將要去哪里。根

33、據(jù)分析可知：You have to know.后面是一個(gè)賓語從句。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)填where 引導(dǎo)賓語從句，where 在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。7. (2015 ·高考江蘇卷改編 ) _ Li Bai ，a great Chinesepoet ，was born is known to the public，but some won t acceptit.【答案】 Where【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意：的大詩人李白的出生地眾所周知，但有些人還不認(rèn)可。 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知， 有些人對(duì)李白的出生地存在質(zhì)疑，故填 where 引導(dǎo)主語從句。8. (2015 ·高考湖北卷改編 )

34、_ she says will not makeany difference to our arrangements.【答案】 Whatever【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意：不管她說什么，對(duì)我們的安排都沒什么影響。Whatever引導(dǎo)主語從句，在從句中作says 的賓語。9. (2015 ·高考浙江卷改編)Ifyou swim in a riveror lake ，be sure15/2915/29to investigate _ is below the water surface. Oftenthere are rocks or branches hidden in the wa

35、ter.【答案】 what【答案】 when【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意：我們必須查明卡爾什么時(shí)候會(huì)來，這樣我們就能為他預(yù)訂房間了。 預(yù)訂房間當(dāng)然與卡爾來的時(shí)間息息相關(guān)，因此填 when。三、單句改錯(cuò)（并列連詞）1. (2018 ·新課標(biāo) I 卷) At the end of our trip, Itoldmy fatherthat I planned to return every two years, but he agreed.【答案】 but and【解析】考查并列連詞。我計(jì)劃每兩年回來一次，他同意了。此處是并列關(guān)系，故將but 改成 and。2. (2018 ·)

36、 Everyone was silent, waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.【答案】 andor【解析】考查并列連詞。句意：每個(gè)人都沉默了，等著看誰會(huì)被要求朗讀他或她的段落。一次只能叫一個(gè)人，男女兩者是選擇關(guān)系，故把a(bǔ)nd 改為 or 。3. (2017 ·新課標(biāo) I 卷) Before getting into the car, I thoughtI had learned the instructor's orders, so once I starte

37、d the【2019最新】精選高考英語語法必考考點(diǎn)13名詞性從句含解析car, my mind goes blank.【答案】 sobut 或 yet【解析】考查并列連詞。 根據(jù)句意可知作者本以為自己已經(jīng)掌握了教練說的話，結(jié)果一發(fā)動(dòng)車，腦中一片空白。前后文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故將so 改為 but 或 yet 。4. ( 2017·新課標(biāo) III 卷) I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. 【答案】 andbut【解析】考查并列連詞。not onlybut also 為固定搭配，意為

38、“不但 而且”。5. (2016 ·新課標(biāo) I 卷) Though not very big, but the restaurantis popular in our area.【答案】去掉 but6. (2016 ·新課標(biāo) I 卷) Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking.【答案】 or and【解析】考查并列連詞。根據(jù)句意判斷此處是表示并列關(guān)系，故把or 改為 and?！敬鸢浮?but and17/2917/29【解析】考查并列連詞。句意

39、：如果我們待在家里，很舒服也沒有必要花錢。上下文之間是并列關(guān)系，而不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以使用and 連接上下文。8. (2016 ·四川卷 ) Momhas a full-timejob,so she has to do mostof the housework.【答案】 sobut【解析】考查并列連詞。句意：媽媽有一份全職工作，但還是不得不做大部分家務(wù)。前后兩句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故要將so 改為but 。9. (2015·四川卷) I dont like to go anymore, so Im afraidI ll lose their friendship.【答案】 sobut

40、【解析】考查并列連詞。句意：我再也不想去了，可是又怕失去他們的友誼。前后兩句應(yīng)該是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系才符合邏輯，故將so 改為 but 。10. (2015 ·新課標(biāo) I 卷) There the airis clean or the mountainsare green.【答案】or and【解析】考查并列連詞。句意：那里山綠并且空氣新鮮。連詞用法錯(cuò)誤。前后句為遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，故用連詞and?！緦?duì)點(diǎn)測(cè)試】一、單項(xiàng)選擇1. (2018 ·一中 ) Having checked the doors were closed, andallthe lightswere off,the boy o

41、pened the door to his bedroom.【2019最新】精選高考英語語法必考考點(diǎn)13名詞性從句含解析A. whyB. thatC. whenD. where【答案】 B【解析】考查名詞性從句。連接詞that 引導(dǎo)第二個(gè)賓語從句，不具有任何意義，但一般不能省略。2. (2018 ·江蘇揚(yáng)州中學(xué) ) -I m sorry. I think I am not fitfor the job. I dont handle pressure too well.-Oh, I cant believe it. You know, thats not theimpressionI

42、have of you at all.That s_ Imyself.A. whatB. whyC. whichD. howd describe【答案】 D3. (2018 ·江蘇一中 ) Introverts (性格內(nèi)向的人 ), according toSusan Cain, tend to enjoy being alone,doing quieterthingsbeing with just one friend at a time. She says that is _they get their energy.A. whyB. whenC. howD. whereor【答

43、案】 C【解析】考查表語從句。句意：性格內(nèi)向的人，根據(jù)Susan Cain ，常常喜歡自己呆著、安靜做事或者一次只和一個(gè)朋友在一起。她說，19/2919/29這是內(nèi)向性格的人獲得能量的方式。why“為什么”； when“ 的時(shí)候”； how“如何”引導(dǎo)表語從句，表示方式；where“ 的地方”。根據(jù)語境，故選 C。4. (2018 ·江蘇一中 ) Today we focuson _ is calledrecurrentobesity ( 復(fù)發(fā)性肥胖 )or yo-yo obesity ( 溜溜球式肥胖 ),_ isthe phenomenon_ we gain weight and

44、 then go on a successfuldiet, but within 12 months we go back to our original weight.A. what; which; in whichB. which; which; whereC. all; that; thatD. whatever; as; which【答案】 A【解析】考查名詞性從句和定語從句。句意：今天，我們集中在被稱為復(fù)發(fā)性肥胖或溜溜球式肥胖目標(biāo)上。這是一種現(xiàn)象， 一個(gè)人在體重增加后通過節(jié)食成功減重， 但是在 12 個(gè)月以內(nèi)又恢復(fù)到原有的體重?！癬 is called recurrent obesi

45、ty (復(fù)發(fā)性肥胖 ) or yo-yoobesity ( 溜溜球式肥胖 ) ”是賓語從句，從句中缺乏主語，what 引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句中作主語、賓語或者表語，故第一空填what；第二空 which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句， which 指代這個(gè)主句，從句中作主語；“ _ we gain weight and then go on a successful diet”是定語從句，先行詞是the phenomenon，從句中作抽象地點(diǎn)狀語，引導(dǎo)詞用關(guān)系副詞 where 或者 in which 。故選 A。5. (2018 ·一中 ) Jenny asked me _ I had returned the biketo its owner, and I admitted that I hadnt.【2019最新】精選高考英語語法必考考點(diǎn)13名詞性從句含解析A. whenB. whereC. whetherD. w