專題講解祈使句及練習(xí)

1、Last revision on 21 December 2020祈使句一祈使句的用法。1. 祈使句的概念。祈使句表命令、警告、提醒、建議、請(qǐng)求、叮囑.號(hào)召等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原 形。主語(yǔ)you通常省略，句末用感嘆號(hào)或句號(hào)，例如：Knock at the door before entering, please!進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)請(qǐng)敲門!（建議）Look out! There is a train coming.注意！火車來(lái)了！（提醒）Wear strong shoes as we shall do a lot of walking.請(qǐng)穿結(jié)實(shí)的鞋子，因?yàn)槲覀円?走許多的路。（叮囑）Put on your coa

2、t at once. We must hurry.立刻穿上衣服,我們必須快點(diǎn)（命 令）Give blood if you can and many lives will be saved.如果你能，來(lái)獻(xiàn)血吧，這會(huì) 挽救很多人的生命。（號(hào)召）2. 祈使句的分類。祈使句分為第二人稱祈使句，第一人稱祈使句和第三人稱祈使句。二.第二人稱祈使句是以聽(tīng)話人為祈使對(duì)象的祈使句，通常用來(lái)向聽(tīng)話者 發(fā)出命令，提出要求或建議。這種祈使句的主語(yǔ)you通常不表示出來(lái)，而 是己動(dòng)詞原形開頭，例如：Keep quiet, please!Open the door, please!Hurry up!3. 第一人稱祈使句是一

3、第一人稱代詞作為祈使句的對(duì)象，這類祈使句通常是 以let為引導(dǎo)詞表示建議。句子結(jié)構(gòu)為let+me/us+動(dòng)詞原形，例如：Lef s go out and play!讓我們出去玩吧。Let' s play a guessing game!我們來(lái)玩猜謎游戲吧。Let me have a look!讓我來(lái)看一看。Let me tell you!讓我來(lái)告訴你。4. 第三人稱祈使句是以第三人稱代詞或者名詞等作為祈使的對(duì)象，以let為引 導(dǎo)詞，句子結(jié)構(gòu)為let+hini/Iier/it/thein/45詞+動(dòng)詞原形，例如：Let liim be here by 10 o'clock.讓他十

4、點(diǎn)前來(lái)這兒。Let her do it by herself.讓他 10 點(diǎn)前來(lái)這兒。Let it go.讓它去吧。典型例題用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Tom.(do) the homework now.解題思路：該題句首Tom后面有個(gè)逗號(hào)，說(shuō)明是對(duì)Tom說(shuō)話，后面的說(shuō)話 內(nèi)容是一個(gè)祈使句，應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞原形開頭，用do,意思是“Tom,現(xiàn)在做作 業(yè)吧?！钡怯械膶W(xué)生會(huì)忽略逗號(hào)。誤以為是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子，填成is doing.三.否定的祈使句。1第二人稱祈使句的否定形式是在整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)之前加don't或nevei，例如：Don't be nen'ous!你不要緊張！Don

5、9;t make any noise!都別吵人了！Never be late again.別再遲到了。Please don't forget to take your medicine.i青彳、要忘i己吃藥。2第一人稱祈使句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)。是在動(dòng)詞原形前面加not,句型為let me/us/ not do sth.例如：Lefs not waste our time arguing about it!咱們別浪費(fèi)時(shí)間爭(zhēng)論這事了 ！Let's not say anything about it!這事咱們誰(shuí)也別說(shuō)!Let's not go back late.3第一人稱祈使句的否

6、定結(jié)構(gòu)，是在其句首加didn't例如：Doit let liim play with the fire.讓他不要玩火！Doit let anyone come in.就讓任何人進(jìn)來(lái)！Don't let them play along the river.別讓他們?cè)诤舆呁妗?“No+名詞或動(dòng)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)表示禁止，一般用于指示、標(biāo)牌、布告等，例如：No smoking!禁止吸煙！No spitting!不準(zhǔn)隨地吐痰！No litter!不準(zhǔn)亂扔果皮紙屑！No entry!不許入內(nèi)！No thoroughfare!禁止通行！No painting on the wall!墻上不準(zhǔn)涂寫！

7、No admittance except on business!非公莫人！典型例題將下列祈使句改成否定句。(1 )Lefs fly kites now.解題思路：第一人稱祈使句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)，在動(dòng)詞原形前面加not,句型為L(zhǎng)et me/us not do sth.(2)Let him stay at home alone.第三人稱祈使句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)，是在其句首加don先不要和第一人稱祈使句的否 定結(jié)構(gòu)混淆起來(lái)。用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。(l)Alice,(not be) sad about it.解題思路：該題句首Alice后面有個(gè)逗號(hào)，說(shuō)明是對(duì)Alice說(shuō)話，后面的 說(shuō)話內(nèi)容是個(gè)祈使句，括號(hào)里“no

8、t be”提示為祈使句的否定形式，填dolt be,意 思是“Alice,不要為此而難過(guò)了。”但是有的學(xué)生會(huì)忽略逗號(hào)，填成isn't.過(guò)關(guān)演練I連詞成句。,after , read, me,sit, please.003. here, come, and, the, blackboard, clean,go, and , stand, please,window, close, please,me, a yo-yo, buy, please,listen, me, carefully, pleaseJefs, liide-and-seek,make, lefs, mistakes, a

9、ny,dorf t late, class , for,me, give, some, cookies, please.them, don't, play, the, along, river,doit, lut，in, come,huny or, be, you41, late,the, electric, fan, on, pleaseII. 將下列祈使句改成否定句。,please her a hamburger.your teeth now.around the house.the baby laugh.the bird fly away.the dog stay in the

10、cage.9 get ready for the picnic.'s watch TV after supper.(cross the road together.the bed now.on your new shoes.them finish their work now.him do it by himself.III. 將下列祈使句改成肯定句。，t go there with them.take a sandwich with you.，t take liim to the fimfaii' with tomonow.5t turn on the TV.，t feed

11、the biid.，t wait for me.，t let her open the window.let them eat the sweetnot talk about the movie.'s not walk around the tree.IV. 照樣子寫句子。例如：Dont smoking.walking on the glass.，t make noise.，t litter.swim here.，t feed the animal.，t touch.，t climb the tree.，t paint on the wall. ，t jump off the wall

12、.，t pick flowers.，t take photos.，t eat or drink here.，t shout V. 用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。is (lay) the table, please(give) me some water, please!(fill)the form, please, and(sign) your name here,(do) the washing up, please,(not be) worry. Pll(be) fine.，s(not make) any mistakes.let the dog(not follow)me.061. Let

13、's(not, chase) the dog. It's dangerous,and Lucy,(make) yourselves at home, please,(help) yourself to some fruit,(take) off your coat if you feel hot.5s(be) friends and(keep) in touchVI.選擇填空o)066.me the book, pleaseA. PassB Passi ngC. To pass)067.make any noise They are having an examA. NotB.

14、 NoC Don't)068.Let'scamping this weekend.A. goB. goingC to go)069.let himcomputer games .It"'s bad for his eyeA. Not, playB. Don't, playC No, playing)070.with fire lts dangerousA. Don't playB. PlayC. Not play)071.Jack,paper plane for me now.A. makesB makeC. is making)072.Dad

15、,at homeA. doesn't smokeB. isn't smokingC. don't smoke)073.Let'sblow bubbles at homeA. don'tB. notC .no)074.Please go with us,A. don't youB. will youC won't you)075.Let me help you,A. won't youB. will youC. will 1)076.Let zstake a walk.A. shall weB. will youC. won'

16、;t you)077.Work hard,you cant pass the examA. andB. butC. or)078.Go straight ahead,you will see the bank.A. andB. butC. or)079.Put on your coat,you will catch ;a cold.A. soB. orC. and)080.Read more.you will know ai lot.A. andB. soC. orVII.用祈使句改寫下列句子，并保持意思不變。mustn't eat or drink in classmustnt pl

17、ay football in the street.must listen to the teacher carefully in class.must finish your homework on time every day.cant take photos in the museum.cant climb the trees in the park.cant swim in the lake.cant jump off the wall.must keep quiet in the hospital.must follow the school Riles at school.cant walk on the grass in the park.can't give up learning English.VIII.根據(jù)中午提示，將下列句子翻譯成英文，每空一詞。093不要再太陽(yáng)底下看書，這對(duì)眼睛不好。books in the sun. It's bad for your eyes094不要吃太多糖，這對(duì)牙齒不好。too ma