夢的解釋原文

1、夢的解釋原文THEINTERPRETATIONOFDREAMSTeresaYuanChengDu,August2000Itisformeasourceofgreatpleasureandemotiontobehereinmyancestorsland,ta lkingandsharingwithyouonthe100 o anniversariesofthismagistralwork,thatopenedthepathtoourPsychoanalyticSciencedevelopment.Fewfigureshavehadasdecisiveandfundamentalinfluence

2、onthecourseofmodern culturalhistoryasSigmundFreud.Yetfewfiguresalsohaveinspiredsuchsustai nedcontroversyandintensedebate.Freud ' slegacycontinuestobehotlycontested.Ournotionofidentity,memory,childhoodsexuality,and,mostgenerallyofmean inghavebeenshapedinrelationto-andofteninoppositionto - Freud&#

3、39; sWork.Thedream,thatstrangemanifestationofthepsychicallife,hasbeentheinteres tofmeninalltimesandcultures.Ithasbeenexplainedindifferentways.Forsomepeople: a)Thedreamwashighlyvaluedforbeingamessagefromgods,supernaturalbeingso rdeadrelatives,orforhavingapropheticvalue.b)Forothers,thedreamwasworthles

4、s;itwaslikeanunimportantbrainsecretion.c)Finally,forothers,therewasadreamthatbelongedtothetwopreviouscategor ies.董2 3文章來源網(wǎng)，僅供分享學(xué)習(xí)參考Inancienttimes,thereligiouslifeofdifferentpeoplesclearlyshowedtheimpo rtancegiventothedreams.Egyptian,Assyrian,GreekandRomanpriestsinterpretedthedreamsofthefaithf ulandi

5、ndicatedtokings,citizensandslaveshowtheyshouldtakeadvantageofth eoneiricvisions.Thedreamsthattookplacewhilerestinginthetemplesunderth eauspicesofdeitieswereparticularlyappreciated.BothintheChristianBible andintheBuddhistsutrasthatenteredinChinafromlndiaandfromtheretoKoreaa ndJapan,thevalueconferredt

6、othedreamsisveryimportant.Adream ' sfateseemstobetheforgetfulness.Thatoldstubbornnessfortellingandsharin git,butnevertoanyperson,isprobablyanattempttodepriveitofitsmagicpower,maybetoshowitandmakeitpartofalanguagesharedwithanother,tofindthemyst eryofourdestiny.FromtheprogressofFreud sinvestigatio

7、naboutthepsychoneurosisdynamicandthehysteriaethiology,th efirstdoubtsaboutthetraumatictheoryofseductionarose.Onthispoint,hewas conductedtoreflectaboutthenatureoftheword,complaininginthesymptom,int erruptinginthelapsus,absurdinthedream,andbrilliantinthehumourforms.Deprivedof讓sreferentialvalue,theword

8、isledbythewish,inexorablyentangl edinitsoralcostumes.Thesubjectofinterpretationfinds,inthedreams,apathwaytotheunconscioust hatFreudprivilegedassomethingthatcannotbeignored.TheInterpretationofDreamswaspublishedinNovember1899underthenameofDieT ramdeutung,buttheeditordateditin1900.Freud ' sinterest

9、indreamswasold,astheletterstohisfiance文章來源網(wǎng)，僅供分享學(xué)習(xí)參考eMarthaBernays,show.Especially,theletterdatedonJuly19,1893wherehemake sreferencetoa"personalnotebookaboutdreams”.Thisinterestwasdevelopedwh ilelisteningtohispatients,whofreedfromthepressureofhypnosisandsuggest ion,toldhimabouttheirdreams.Freud

10、thenbelievesthatthedreamistheonlyway tomakeprogressinthesolutionthatpredicts.Thetheoryofthedreamasfulfilmentofanunconsciouswishwasprogressivelywid enedtotheelaborationofphantasmsandappearanceofsymptoms.AshewrotechapterV"MaterialandSourcesofdreams”,hediscoveredhisownlovin gfeelingstowardshismoth

11、er.Atthebeginningof1898hefullydevotedtothework,butinJulyofthesameyear,hi sattentionwasdrawntootherphenomena,puzzlinglycomparablewiththedream:t heforgetfulness,parapraxis,screenmemoriesthatconstitutethefollowingsu bjectofthebook"PsychopathologyofEverydayLife"(1901).Inthisbook,Freudinitiated

12、amethodheusedinhisfollowingworks,dedicatedto thepsychopathologyandtowhichhecalled"Jokesandtheirrelationstotheuncon scious"(1905).Thepurposewastobuildtheunconscioustheoryfromtheclinicalexperienceandt heobservationsgatheredinitsenvironment.Themultiplemodificationsthebookunderwentinitssuccess

13、iveeditionsmakeso metimesitsreadingdifficult.Ontheotherhand,thetranslationsonlyreflecti mperfectlythemultipleaspectsofFreud scourse,whethercertaintheoreticalsubtleties,referencestodiversecultur esFreudwasfamiliarisedwith,ordetailsthatrefertotheVienneselifeofthatt ime.Inspiteoftheobstacles,dieTramdeu

14、tungisstillanexceptionalbook,whoseaut horisinturndreamy,interpreter,theoristandnarrator.Freudused123dreamst ocarryoutthistask:forty-sevenwerehisowndreams,onehundredandseventysix belongedtopatientsoracquaintances.Someauthorsbelievethatitwouldbeanaiveautobiographyform.(PeterGay)Threepartscanbedistingu

15、ishedintheinterpretationofdreams:1.TheinitialChapter"TheScientificLiteraturedealingwiththeproblemsofdryeams"isadetailedbibliographicalreviewoftheworksonthedreamcarriedoutbeforeFreud.W.Fliess,Freud sfriendadvisedhimtowritethischapter,butFreudkeptonsayinghowannoyingth istaskwasforhim.Butthis

16、wasnecessaryfordefendingthebook ' sdetractors.2.Themethodofinterpretingdreams,thedreamformationtheory,thefunctionan dworkofthedream,thatistosay,fiveessentialchapters,weremodifiedmanytim es.Hepointsouttheoriginalityofhisfocusfromthebeginningofthesecondchapter.Firstly,hemakesadistinctionoftheconce

17、ptionsthatignoreeventheveryself- ideaofinterpretation,becausetheydonotconsiderthedreamtobeamentalact,b utasomaticevent.Andtheothersderivedfromthegoodpopularsenseandtraditio nalbelievesthatherecognisesastruepriohty.Forthoseoldconceptions,thed reamkeepsahiddenmeaningthatneedstobeunveiled.Freuddistingu

18、ishesinitapreoccupationofinterpretationthatpermittedthed evelopmentoftwomethodsthroughoutthecenturies:a)Thefirst,"symbolicdreaminterpreting7文章來源網(wǎng)，僅供分享學(xué)習(xí)參考referstothedreamasawholethattriestoreplaceanothercontent,itisforthear tificialdreams,inventedbynovelistsandpoets.b)Thesecondmethod,calledbyFr

19、euddecodingmethod",approachthedreamasacryptography(codedwrittenpiece)f romwhicheverysignorelementcanbetranslatedifonehasa巾xedkey.Thismethod,differentlyfromthepreviousone,doesnotconsiderthedreamasawhole,butasa setofelementsthatshouldbeseparatelydealtwith.Thedifficultyinthesemethodsisthelackofgua

20、ranteewithrespecttothekey.Fr eudgaveastepforwardbylisteningtohispatientswhotoldhimabouttheirdreams astheirmorbidsymptoms.Thismadehimthinkthatthedream,asthefantasiesandt hesymptom,wasapsychicalstate,capableofbeingthebenchmarkoffreeassociat ions,which,ashethought,impliedalittlepreparationofthepatients

21、.Freudchosehisowndreams.Thefirstwas'卜masinjection ' .Heoutlinedthatthedreamalwaysconstitutestherealisationofawishoftheprecedingday,butarethereonlywishdreams?Whatabouttheonesofdis tressingcontent?Inordertoanswertothisobjection,hemadeafundamentaldistinctionbetweenth emanifestandthelatentconten

22、tofthedream.Thedreamisadistortionphenomeno n.Andwhatistheoriginofthisdream-distortion?Thisdistortionisadefence-markagainstthewish.Freudcomparesthedistortionofthedreamwiththecourtesythatveryfrequently consistsindisguisingaggressiveornegativethoughtswithpoliteones.Theref oreinthedreamanunconsciouscens

23、orshipismadefromawishfulimpulse:"themor eseverethecensorshipis,themorecompletethedisguisewillbe".Whatarethesourcesofthedreamwhereitsmaterialcomesfrom?ThesequestionsaredealtwithinChapterV:文章來源網(wǎng)，僅供分享學(xué)習(xí)參考a)Recentandindifferentmaterialindreams(theantiquityoftheoneiricmateri al)b)Infantileorigi

24、nsourcesc)Somaticsourcesd)TypicaldreamsThemostimportantquestionanalysedinthischapteristhedreamantiquity(a).F reudassuresthatourdreamsarealwaysprovokedbyaneventoftheimmediatelypre cedingday - day' sresidues.Tobemoreprecise,thesourcesofourdreamscanbeinscribedinamoreorlessremot epast,buttoberealiti

25、snecessarytorelateittoanimpressionoreventofthatda y(Forexample,thedreamofthemonographofplant).Ifthedreamisapsychicalact fullofsense,itisnecessarytogofurtheritsmanifestcontentinordertoproveit,andgetitslatentcontent.Then,whatisthenatureoftherelationshipbetweenthemanifestcontentandthel atentthoughts?Th

26、roughwhichprocesshavetheselastonesproducedthefirstones ' ?Whatistheworkofdreammadeof?“Adreamisahieroglyphic,andourpredecessorsinthefieldofdreamshavemadet hemistakeoftreatingtherebusasapictorialcomposition"(S.Freud).Coulditbesaidthatthemanifestcontentisatranslationofthelatentthoughts, anorig

27、inaltextwritteninanotherlanguage?Freudsaysthedream-thoughtsandthedreamcontentarepresentedtousliketwove rsionsofthesamesubjectmatterintwodifferentlanguages.Inthisreference,Freudusedtheverb ' totranslateu bertragenThedreamworkwouldrevealtheunconsciouswork.Hecreatedfourlawsbuthestressedtwoessential

28、ones: a)Thecondensationisorganisedaroundcertaintermsofthemanifestcontent,ak indofjoiningpointsthatmergeseverallatentthoughtsthatareverydifferenta mongthem.Thecondensationmethods,whenactingwithwordsornames,canleadtot heformationofnewwordsornamesthatsometimescansoundfunny.b)Freudidentifiesasecondmecha

29、nism,thedisplacement.Itarisesfromthetran sferofintensitiesofpsychicalloadsofcertainelementstoothers,insuchaway thatsomerichelementloseinterestandcanthereforerunawayfromcensorship,w hileothersareovervalued.c)Thethirdelementisthepsychicalproceduresofconsiderationsofrepresenta bility.Itshowsthatthedrea

30、m,arealwayofaccesstotheunconscious,cannotrep resentlogicrelationsbetweentheelementsthatformit(alternatives,contrad ictionsorcauses),butitcanchangeormaskthem;theinterpretationintendstor e-establishsuchrelationserasedbythedream.Inthesamesection,Freudresume sthematteroftheimportanceoftheidentificationi

31、nthedream,throughwhichtw opersonscanbecomeone,orberepresentedbyasinglethingthatisthecommonone.d)TheSecondaryrevisionisthefourthprocessresponsibleforthedreamformati on.Freudprovesthat,insomecases,thecontentdoesnotonlycomefromthedream thoughts,butapsychicalfunctionthroughourconsciousthoughts,ofourphan

32、ta sms,canprovideotherelements.Thispsychicalstageusuallyhasacensorshipfu nction,itseemstoproduceinsuchcasesadditionorgrowthofdreams,easilyreco gnisedforthefactthatingeneralareshylypresentedthroughthephrase'asif3)Thelastchapteristhewell-knownChapterVII,Psychologyofthedreams-proce sses,devotedtoth

33、etheoryofthepsychicaldevisefunctionandwherethefirstsu bjectinstancesaredescribed:Conscious,PreconsciousandUnconscious.Hedevelopsinit,forthefirsttime,hisconceptionoftheUnconscious,theoppos itionbetweentheprimaryandsecondaryprocess,thepre-representationoftheo ppositionbetweentherealityprincipleandplea

34、sureprincipleandhisideaofre pression.Inthischapter,thedreamisdealtwithasanimportantandcompletepsychicalact,whosedrivingforceisalwaysawishtobefulfilled.Itsaspectcomesfromtheinf luenceofthepsychicalcensorshipthathasactedonhimduringhistraining.lamgoingtomentionbrieflywhatthemutualrelationshipsbetweenth

35、eoptionalm otiveandthefourindicatedconditionsare,aswellastheirrelationships.Inordertopermitthefulfilmentofthewishes,thementalprocessoftherestisco nvertedintoadream.Thefirstfactoristhatathoughtistheonethatinvolvesthewishandisrepresent edasalivedscene.Thereisarepresentationintheshapeofapresentsituatio

36、nth roughimagesandwords.Thepresentisthetimeinwhichthewishisrepresentedasf ulfilled.Thesecondfactorispeculiarofthedreamanddifferentiatesitfromthedaydream:therepresentationcontentsisnotrepresenteditremainstransformedinsenso rialimages,webelievetobeliving.FreuduseFechnerreferenceaboutthepsychicallocali

37、ty,andamentalapparatus isrepresentedasadevice(theideaisthetask-work)formedbysystemswithconstantspecialorientationamongthem,wheretheexcitementflowsthroughthemacco rdingtoadeterminedtemporarysituation.Thepsychicalprocessgoesthenfromt heP(perceptualend)uptotheM(motorend),buttheperceptionsleaveatracetha

38、tFreudcalledmemorytraceormnemictrace,whosefunctionisthememory.Inordertomaintainthememoryfunction,functionnecessaryforexplainingsymp toms,thesetracespermanentlymodifythesystem,sinceeveniftheyremain,newo nesenteraswell.ThereforeFreudisobligedtolocatethemindifferentsystems,andinthiswayheb uildsapsychicalapparatus,Cc.Prec.Inc(Letter52 - Dec.6,1896).ThePsystemcannotmaintainmodifications,doesnothavememory,itonlycontrib uteswithsensitivequalities,butthememoriesa