初中英語 連詞

1、 語法專題之連詞?？贾R清單一一、連詞的分類連詞是一種虛詞，它不能獨立擔任句子成分而只起連接詞與詞、短語與短語或句子與句子的作用。連詞主要分為兩類：并列連詞和從屬連詞。二、并列連詞和連詞短語并列連詞表示單詞、短語、從句或句子間有并列關系。1. 表平行或對等關系的并列連詞 and“和”；bothand“和兩個都”；as well as “也”；not onlybut also“不但而且”；neithernor“既不也不”等。*My father bought me a present, and I like it very much.*He can speak not only English

2、but also French.2. 表轉折關系的并列連詞 But“但是”；yet“然而”；while“而”；however“然而”。*The doctors tried to save the patient, but they failed.*Lucy likes red while Lily likes white. 露西喜歡紅色然而莉莉喜歡白色。3. 表選擇關系的并列連詞 （1）or“或者”；eitheror“要么要么”neithernor“既不也不”，以or連接的句子可以轉換為由否定條件構成的主從復合句。*Study hard, or youll fail the exam = If

3、 you dont study hard, youll fail the exam.（2）eithernor連接主語時，動詞與靠近它的主語在人稱、數(shù)上保持一致，即“就近原則”。*Either you or he has to go = Either he or you have to go.（3）neithernor連接主語時，動詞與鄰近的主語保持一致，即“就近原則”。*Neither you nor he is right = Neither he nor you are right.?？贾R清單二從屬連詞從屬連詞是引導從句的連詞。一、引導狀語從句的連詞1. 引導時間狀語從句的連詞 ：bef

4、ore, after, when, while, until, since等。（1）after:在以后，通常用于過去時、現(xiàn)在時或完成時態(tài)的句子中。*I went to bed after I finished my homework.（2）before：在以前，常與過去時、一般現(xiàn)在時連用。*Ill stay here before my mother comes back.（3）when/while兩者都表示“當以前”。一般來說，主從句中，當主句的謂語動詞正在進行時，when連接的從句中的謂語動作才發(fā)生；while連接的謂語動作正在進行時，主句中的謂語動作才發(fā)生。由while引導的從句，所用的

5、謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性的，而不能是瞬間性動詞，如begin, come, go等。*I was doing my homework when the telephone rang.我在做作業(yè)時電話鈴響了。*Can you look after my pet dog while Im away?我離開的時間你能照看我的小狗嗎？（4）since; 自從以來。該連詞所連接的從句中的謂語動詞通常是過去時，主句通常是一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時。*Its five years since I studied English.我學習英語已經五年了。*I have lived in Beijing since I

6、came to China.我來到中國后就住在北京。（5）as soon as: 一就。該連詞所在的主從句中，若主句是一般將來時，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的意義。*Ill call you as soon as I get there.2. 引導原因狀語從句的連詞：because, as, since, for等 *She didnt go there, because she was ill.3.引導目的狀語從句的連詞so, so that, in order that等 *He got up early so that he can get the early bus.4. 引導結果狀語

7、從句的連詞：so that, suchthat等 a/an+adj.+n. that從句adj+不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)such+（1）such修飾名詞（2）so修飾形容詞或副詞So+adj./adv.+that從句many/few復數(shù)名詞that從句much/little+不可數(shù)名詞（3）當名詞由many, much, few或little修飾時不用such而用so,即：so+*He is such a clever boy that we all like him. = He is so clever that we all like him.*He always asks so many

8、 strange questions.5. 引導條件狀語從句的連詞：if “如果”；unless“除非” *If it is fine tomorrow, well go to the park.*Well be late unless we hurry up.6. 引導地點狀語從句的連詞：where; wherever等 *You can go wherever you like.你可以去你想去的任何地方。7. 引導讓步狀語從句的連詞有though, although, even, if, however等 *Though it is raining hard, we must get th

9、ere on time.8. 引導比較狀語從句的連詞：as, than, asas, morethan等 *He can ran as fast as Liu Xiang.*He is better at English than I.*American people have the same way of dressing as Canadian people.二、引導賓語從句的連詞1. that連接由陳述句轉變成的賓語從句 *Im glad that youre ready to help others.我很高興你樂于幫助別人。2. if, whether引導由一般疑問句轉變而來的賓語從

10、句 If和whether引導賓語從句時，一般情況下可以互換，if在口語中用的較多，whether在書面語和正規(guī)場合下用的較多。但下列情況只用whether不用if。（1）與動詞不定式連用時。*I dont know whether to go.（2）在介詞后作賓語時。*Im worried about whether she can come here on time.（3）在主語從句，表語從句和同位語從句中。*Whether well go to the park depends on the weather.我們是否去公園里看天氣。（4）與or not連用時。*I dont know wh

11、ether to go or not.（5）在動詞discuss后的賓語從句中。*Were discussing whether well hold a sports meeting.3. who, whom, what which, whose, when, where, why, how 連接由特殊疑問詞轉變而來的賓語從句。注意：When既可引導賓語從句，又可引導狀語從句。引導狀語從句時要用一般現(xiàn)在時表達將來時。Do you know when he will arrive tomorrow?Ill ring you up when he arrives.三、引導其他從句的連詞that,

12、if, whether和what等可引導主語從句，表語從句和定語從句。*What they wear depends on their likes and dislikes.他們的穿著取決于他們的喜好。（主語從句）*The question is whether we can get there on time.問題是我們能否按時到達。（表語從句）易混知識清單一、不能用同時出現(xiàn)在一個句子中的連詞1. because（因為），so（所以）不能同時出現(xiàn)在一個句子里，只能用其一。*Because he was tired, he couldnt walk there. = He was tired,

13、 so he couldnt walk there.2. (al)though（雖然），but（但是）不能同時出現(xiàn)在一個句子里，只能用其一。但though和yet可以同時出現(xiàn)在一個句子里（yet作adv.用）。*Though he was tired, he still worked hard. = He was tired, but he still worked hard.二、if的不同用法If有兩個意思，當“是否”講時，引導賓語從句，意同whether，從句的時態(tài)由事實決定；作“假如，如果”講時，引導條件狀語從句，此時若主句為將來時或祈使句時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。*We dont know

14、 if it will rain tomorrow.*If it rains, we wont have a sports meeting.我們不知道明天是否下雨。如果下雨，我們就不能開運動會了。三、and和or用于否定句中。1.列舉成分是主語，又在否定詞之前，用and連接，而在否定詞之后的列舉成份用or構成完全否定。*I cant sing or dance.*Lucy and Lily cant speak Chinese.2.在否定句中，如果所接的兩部分都有否定詞，那么用and而不用or連接。*There is no water and no air on the moon.3.在否定句

15、中，without之后若有列舉成分用and連接，構成完全否定；而在肯定句中，without之后的列舉成分要用or連接 才能構成完全否定。*Man cant live without air and water. = Man will die without air or water.【Enhancing Exercises】.用適當?shù)牟⒘羞B詞填空。1Im a teacher, he is a teacher, too.2Use your head, youll find a good idea.3He finished his homework quite early, didnt do it

16、 very well.4Lily likes piano Lucy doesnt.5Go to see the doctor at once, your cold may get worse.6I asked him to come here, I must stay at home.7The boy went to sleep soon, he was tired.8Its raining outside, I must stay at home.9The old teacher is very tired, she still works very hard.10 he I are goo

17、d at playing football.11She can write speak English very well.12You can leave today tomorrow.13 you he isnt right.14 you he is right.15 you your father draws well.16You can stay in the garden in the reading-room.17The rope is too long too short.18I dont know him, do I know where he comes from.用適當?shù)膹膶?/p>

18、連詞填空。1My mother told us the moon is round.2The twins were drawing a car the teacher came in.3I entered the room Miss Gao was talking with my parents.4The baby didnt cry his mother came back.5I went to bed I finished my homework.6He had studied English for a year he came here.7I have lived there for

19、more than ten years I left the army.8She didnt go there he was ill.9 it doesnt rain, well go to the park.10He is old he cant walk fast.11Mr. Han speaks loudly everyone can hear clearly.12Im sorry your watch is broken.13Can you tell me you go there or not?14I wonder you will go there.15 he was very t

20、ired, he went on working hard.Choose the best answer from the four choices( ) 1Please look after the children I am out. Athough Bso that Cthat Dwhile( ) 2Please speak loudly I can hear a little better. Athough Bso that Csuch that Das( ) 3Ring me up you come to my house. Athough Bas Cbefore Dthan( )

21、4More people came I expected. Aas if Bso that Csince Dthan( ) 5You must go I told you. Aafter Bbefore Cwhere Das( ) 6You must do I told you. Aafter Bbefore Cwhere Das( ) 7Class One is large Class Two. Aso.that Basas Csuchthat Dsoas( ) 8They will be thankful for you have done. Awhat Bthat Cwhich Dwho

22、( ) 9I dont know I should choose. Awhy Bwhen Cwhich D what( ) 10I will write to you I get there.Awhile Bas soon as Cas Dsince( ) 11 he is old, he can walk very fast.AIf BAlthough CSince DBecause( ) 12Well go to visit the Wall it rains tomorrow.Asince Bas soon as Cwhen Dunless( ) 13You must get up ea

23、rly tomorrow, I will go there alone.Aor Band Cyet Dfor( ) 14It was raining hard, , the peasants went on with their work.Abut Band Chowever Dalthough( ) 15Do you know Jane is getting on well with her classmates?Awhat Bhow Cthat Dwhich( ) 16He is not only a football player .Abut also plays the piano B

24、but the pianistCbut play the piano as well Dbut a famous pianist( ) 17Its such an interesting story everybody likes it.Aas Bthat Cso that Dwhich( ) 18I dont like him. Id rather in than to play with him.Ato play. To go Bstay, go Cto play, go Dstay, to go( ) 19He is very old, he still works very hard.

25、Aif Bwhen Cand Dbut( ) 20He cant speak clearly loudly.Aor Band Cbut Dsill21Mrs Smith likes music her husband likes sport.Awhile Bor Cfor DsoHomework For ConjuctionsChoose the best answer from the four choices( ) 1. The postage is much I can't pay it.A.as; as B.too; to C.such; that D.so; that( )

26、2. My brother is very tall I am very short.A.whileB.when C.that D.those( ) 3. Could you tell me I can get to the nearest hospital?A.howB.what C.whereD.which( ) 4. My grandfather hasn't learned a foreign language.He can speak English French.A.either; or B.both; and C.not only; but also D.neither;

27、 nor( ) 5. If we want to keep healthy, we should take part in sports running, swimming and skatingA.as; such B.such; as C.such; like D.like; such( ) 6. I will wait for Tim he gets back.A.that B.as C.till D.when( ) 7. Basketball is a nice sport almost everyone in the world enjoys it very much.A.such;

28、 that B.so; that C.so; as D.such; as( ) 8. If you don't work hard, you won't pass the exam.A.orB.so C.andD./( ) 9. Mike always tells us something interesting he is with us.A.as soon as B.while C.since D.before( ) 10. It's four years I came to Shanghai.A.beforeB.when C.sinceD.as( ) 11. I

29、have pens pencils with me.A.no; and B.no; or C.no; no D.not; and( ) 12. Nanjing is not big Shanghai.A.as; asB.as; soC.so; so D.such; as( ) 13. I can't understand this text there are few new words in it.A.becauseB.although C.if D.and( ) 14. The problem is difficult few of us can work it out.A.too

30、; to B.too; that C.very; that D.so; that( ) 15. Do you know Mary will go to see the film with us?A.whereB.if C.who D.what( ) 16. I am sure our team will win the game.A.what B.which C.that D.if( ) 17. I can't understand you mean.A.that B.what C.howD.which( ) 18. His son had entered the university

31、 he came back to China.A.after B.if C.becauseD.before( ) 19. I won't have a rest I have finished my work.A.until B.if C.when D.because( ) 20. He asked I came to Shanghai ? A.why; for B.what; for C.what; to D.why; to( ) 21. Bob spends a lot of money on books he is not rich.A.when B.though C.if D.

32、because( ) 22. Can you tell me she is waiting for?A.whose B.which C.whom D.why( ) 23. You'd better do it your mother did.A.because B.as C.when D.like( ) 24. Excuse me. Do you have a table for two?I'm sorry, there aren't any seats now. Would you mind waiting for a while?A.but B.or C.so D.

33、and( ) 25. Call a taxi, you will miss the train.A.because B.and C.though D.or( ) 26. Why didn't Nick come to school yesterday? he was ill.A.Where B.When C.After D.Because( ) 27. our football team failed in the match, we did our best.A.Though B.As C.But D.Because( ) 28. John fell asleep he was li

34、stening to the music.A.as soon as B.after C.while D.before( ) 29. He was riding to school he was hit by a car this morning.A.as B.when C.so D.while( ) 30. Mr. Smith comes from Australia, but he has worked in China for five years. So you can talk with him .A.either in English or in Chinese B.just in English not i