新初三銜接班英語第十一講基本句型+狀語從句(11)

1、 課程開發(fā)模板·文理科前言一、 課程設(shè)置目的：二、 目錄：第一講：閱讀（一） 詞法：名詞第二講：閱讀（二） 詞法：代詞第三講：閱讀（三） 詞法：形容詞和副詞第四講：閱讀（四） 詞法：數(shù)詞第五講：閱讀（五） 詞法：動(dòng)詞第六講：時(shí)態(tài)：初中階段的八大時(shí)態(tài)分析（一）第七講：時(shí)態(tài)：初中階段的八大時(shí)態(tài)分析（二）第八講：閱讀（六） 語態(tài)：被動(dòng)語態(tài)第九講：句子種類：陳述句；疑問句；感嘆句；祈使句；反意疑問句第十講： 句子成分；賓語從句第十一講：基本句型；狀語從句第十二講：句法：定語從句三、 目錄：第一講：第二講：第三講：第四講：第五講：第六講：第七講：第八講：第九講：第十講：第十一講：基本句型；狀語

2、從句第十二講：第十一講：基本句型；狀語從句課程目標(biāo)1、五種基本句型的綜合運(yùn)用2、狀語從句課程重點(diǎn)狀語從句的綜合運(yùn)用課程難點(diǎn)狀語從句的類型及時(shí)態(tài)教學(xué)方法建議講授、提問、論證、練習(xí)選材程度及數(shù)量課堂精講例題搭配課堂訓(xùn)練題課后作業(yè)A類（ 1）道（ 3 ）道（ 4 ）道B類（ 3）道（ 3 ）道（ 3 ）道C類（ 1）道（ 1 ）道（ 4）道一、 基本句型五種基本句型：(句子成分的表示方法：S: Subject主語；V: Verb動(dòng)詞；O: Object賓語；P: Predica tive表語；OC: Object Complement賓語補(bǔ)足語；InO: Indirect Object間接賓語；DO

3、：Dir ect Object 直接賓語)第一種：S+V(主語+謂語動(dòng)詞)The boy sleeps. 孩子睡了。第二種：S+V+O(主語+謂語動(dòng)詞+賓語)He plays the violin. 他演奏小提琴。 第三種：S+V+P(主語+連系動(dòng)詞+表語)She is a doctor. 她是醫(yī)生。 第四種：S+V+InO+DO(主語+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語)I  gave her  a present.我給了她一件禮物。第五種：S+V+O+OC(主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)語)We call him Jack 我們都叫他杰克。詳解：1 第一種句型：主語+不及物動(dòng)詞

4、(S+V)該句型所用動(dòng)詞都是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后當(dāng)然不能接賓語，但是可以用狀語修飾謂語動(dòng)詞或整 個(gè)句子。He (主) runs (謂) fast in the street.(狀)他在街上跑得飛快。The meeting (主) begins (謂) at nine.(狀)會(huì)議九點(diǎn)開始。2 第二種句型：主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(S+V+O)該句型所用動(dòng)詞都是及物動(dòng)詞，可作賓語的有名詞、代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或短語及從句。 We (主) attended (謂) the meeting.(賓)我們出席了那次會(huì)議。(名詞作賓語)She (主) stopped (謂) him.(賓)她叫住了他。(代詞作賓語)

5、She (主) wants (謂) to ask a question.(賓)她要問一個(gè)問題。(不定式作賓語)They (主) enjoy (謂) listening to the classic music.(賓)他們喜歡聽古典音樂。(動(dòng)名詞作賓語)注意：一些不及物動(dòng)詞之后加上介詞就可以具有及物動(dòng)詞的功能，其后就可以接賓語了。這一類詞組有：listen to 聽；look at 看；look after 照看；turn on 打開；turn off 關(guān)上；look for 尋找；live on 以為生；put on 穿上；hand in 上交；pick up 撿起；belong to屬于；a

6、rrive at/in 到達(dá)等。May I turn on the light?我可以開燈嗎?What are you looking for?你在找什么?3 第三種句型：主語+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(S+V+P)連系動(dòng)詞的后面必須接表語，說明主語的情況和狀態(tài)。通?？勺鞅碚Z的是名詞或形容詞。She (主) became (謂,連系動(dòng)詞) a lawyer last year.(表)去年，她成為了一名律師。He (主) is (謂,連系動(dòng)詞) honest.(表)他是誠實(shí)的。It (主) is getting (謂,連系動(dòng)詞) colder and colder.(表)天氣漸漸冷了。It (主) tas

7、tes (謂,連系動(dòng)詞) delicious.(表)這好吃極了。It (主) sounds (謂,連系動(dòng)詞) reasonable.(表)聽起來有道理。注意：下列動(dòng)詞在表示狀態(tài)的存在和變化時(shí)，也可以作連系動(dòng)詞使用 ：look 看起來；smell 聞起來；sound 聽起來；taste 嘗起來；feel 感覺；keep 保持； grow/go/get/turn變得。4 第四種句型：主語+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語(S+V+InO+DO)(1)賓語分直接賓語和間接賓語。直接賓語是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象，但某些動(dòng)詞，除直接賓 語外，還要求一個(gè)間接賓語，以表示該動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作所及的人或物，通常由名詞或

8、代詞的賓格擔(dān)任。She (主) gave (謂) me (賓,間接) a ticket for that film.(賓,直接)她給了我一張那部電影的票。Please pass (謂) me (賓,間接) the salt.(賓,直接)請(qǐng)把鹽遞給我(2)通常情況下，間接賓語位于直接賓語的前面，但有時(shí)根據(jù)強(qiáng)調(diào)需要，間接賓語位于直接 賓語之后，這時(shí)要在間接賓語前加to或for。I will bring the book(賓,直接) to you next time. (賓,間接)（=I will bring you the book  next time.）我下次把那本書給你帶來。He

9、promised a motorbike (賓,直接) to her. (賓,間接)(=He promised her a motorbike.)他答應(yīng)給她買一輛摩托車。Mother bought a new bag (賓,直賓) for him.(賓,間賓) (=Mother bought him  a new bag.)媽媽給他買了一個(gè)新書包。She sang several songs (賓,直賓) for them. (賓,間賓)(=She sang them several songs.)她為他們唱了幾首歌。Please pass (謂)the salt (賓,直

10、接)to me. (賓,間接）請(qǐng)把鹽遞給我。（間接賓語放在句尾為了強(qiáng)調(diào)是給我而不是給別人。）要求雙賓語(直接賓語和間接賓語)的動(dòng)詞，直接賓語提前，動(dòng)詞后加to或for，現(xiàn)歸納如下。后面加to的動(dòng)詞：give 給 tell 告訴 bring 帶來 send 寄，送 hand 交給 read 讀pass 遞給return 把還給lend 借給throw 扔給leave 留給promise 許諾，答應(yīng)refuse 拒絕后面加for的動(dòng)詞：get 得到make 制造，做buy 買do 做play 演奏order 命令sing 唱歌pay 為而付錢注意：帶特殊疑問詞的不定式短語作直接賓語是一種很常 用的

11、形式，基本句型是：S+V+O(間接)+疑問詞+不定式主語+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+疑問詞+不定式She told me how to understand the article.她告訴我怎樣理解這篇文章。They wanted to know where to solve the problem.他們想要知道哪里能夠解決這個(gè)問題。The boy asked her why to do so.那孩子問她為什么這么做。I asked him which one to choose.我問他選擇哪一個(gè)。5 第五種句型：主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)語(S+V(及物動(dòng)詞)+O+OC) (1)有些及

12、物動(dòng)詞，只接一個(gè)賓語不能表達(dá)完整的意思，還需要再加一個(gè)賓語的補(bǔ)語加以說 明 ，使意思完整。這樣的賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語又稱為復(fù)合賓語，可以由名詞、形容詞和不定式來擔(dān)任。They named (謂,及）the girl (賓) Susan.(賓補(bǔ))他們給這個(gè)女孩起名叫蘇姍。(名詞作賓補(bǔ))He  found (謂,及)her (賓) frustrated.(賓補(bǔ))他覺得她有些沮喪。(形容詞作賓補(bǔ))I saw (謂,及)them 賓 perform (賓補(bǔ))on the stage.我看見他們?cè)谂_(tái)上表演。(不定式作賓補(bǔ))(2)一些使役性動(dòng)詞如make, let, have和一些表示感官的動(dòng)詞如s

13、ee, watch, look at, hea r, listen to, feel等，用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，要省去“to”。但用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，還要 加上“to”。We all made him play the violin.被動(dòng)：He was made to play the violin by us all.我們都要求他演奏小提琴。I saw him enter the room.被動(dòng)：He was seen to enter the room.我看見他進(jìn)屋了。He heard a woman cry over there under a tree.被動(dòng)：A woman was hear

14、d to cry over there under a tree.他聽見一個(gè)女人在那邊一棵樹下哭。二、狀語從句從句的講解【考點(diǎn)直擊】1. 時(shí)間狀語從句2. 條件狀語從句3. 原因狀語從句4. 結(jié)果狀語從句5. 比較狀語從句6. 目的狀語從句7. 讓步狀語從句8. 地點(diǎn)狀語從句【實(shí)例解析】1. (2004年北京市海淀區(qū)中考試題) You will stay healthy _ you do more exercise, such as running and walking. A. if B. how C. before D. where 答案：A。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞的選擇。從意

15、思上看，從句應(yīng)是一個(gè)條件狀語從句，在這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有if能引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，所以選A。2. (2004年江西省中考試題) -Shall we go on working? -Yes, _ I prefer to have a rest. A. when B. if C. because D. though 答案：D。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞的選擇。從意思上看，只有選though才能說得通。3. (2004年徐州市中考試題) None of us knew what had happened _ they told us about it. A. when B. until C. af

16、ter D. though 答案：B。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞選擇。本句的意思是“在以前我們沒人知道這件事?！币磉_(dá)著一意思應(yīng)用“notuntil” 這一句型。4. (2004年泉州市中考試題) -I hope youll enjoy your trip, dear! -Thank you, mum. Ill give you a call _ I get there. A. until B. as soon as C. since D. till 答案：B。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞的選擇。本題的意思是“一到那里，我就給你打電話。”要表達(dá)這個(gè)意思應(yīng)選用as soon as。

17、【中考演練】一. 單項(xiàng)填空1. _ hes old, he can still carry this heavy bag. A. Though B. Since C. For D. So2. -Do you know if he _ to play basket ball with us? -I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be3. In the zoo if a child _ into the wate

18、r and cant swim, the dolphins may come up _ him. A. will fall; to help B. falls; to help C. will fall; help D. falls; helping4. I dont remember _ he worked in that city when he was young. A. what B. which C. where D. who5. We will stay at home if my aunt _ to visit us tomorrow. A. comes B. come C. w

19、ill come D. is coming6. The police asked the children _ cross the street _ the traffic lights turned green. A. not; before B. dont; when C. not to; until D. not; after7. I was late for class yesterday _ there was something wrong with my bike. A. when B. that C. until D. because8. Ill go swimming wit

20、h you if I _ free tomorrow. A. will be B. shall be C. am D. was9. In the exam, the _ you are, _ the _ mistakes you will make. A. careful; little B. more careful; fewest C. more careful; fewer D. more careful; less10. You should finish your lessons _ you go out to paly. A. before B. after C. when D.

21、while11. I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class. A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless12. When you read the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions. A. which B. that C. where D. though13. The teacher raised his voice _ all the students could hear him. A. for B. so that C. because D.

22、 in order14. He took off his coat _ he felt hot. A. because B. as C. if D. since15. It is _ that wed like to go out for a walk. A. a lovely day B. too lovely a day C. so lovely a day D. such lovely a day16. Mary had _ much work to do that she stayed at her office all day. A. such B. so C. too D. ver

23、y17. _ I felt very tired, I tried to finish the work. A. Although B. Because C. As D. As if18. _ the day went on, the weather got worse. A. With B. Since C. While D. As19. _ well you can drive, you must drive carefully. A. So long as B. In order that C. No matter how D. The moment20. Write to me as

24、soon as you _ to Beijing. A. will get B. get C. getting D. got二. 根據(jù)中文意思完成下列英語句子1. 不管他跟我開什麼玩笑，我都不生氣。 I am not angry with him, _ _ _ jokes he _ on me.2. 布魯斯太太對(duì)學(xué)生非常親切，以至于學(xué)生把她當(dāng)做母親。 Mrs Bruce was _ kind to her students _ they _ her _ their mother.3. 只要我們竭盡全力，父母就會(huì)滿意我們的表現(xiàn)。 Our parents will be pleased with

25、our performance _ _ _ we try our best.4. 你一到上海就給我打個(gè)電話好嗎？ Will you please call me _ _ _ you get to Shanghai.5. 這個(gè)七歲的女孩酷愛鋼琴，以至于他已經(jīng)堅(jiān)持練習(xí)兩年了。 The seven-year-old girl likes playing the piano _ _ _ she has kept practicing for two years.6. 雖然她很忙，他還堅(jiān)持自學(xué)英語。 _ _ _ _, she kept on learning English by herself.7.

26、他長大后相當(dāng)一名記者。 He wants to be a journalist _ _ _ _.8. 無論刮風(fēng)下雨，我們的老師總是第一個(gè)到校。_ _ windy or rainy, our teacher is always the first to get to school.9. 如果人人為保護(hù)環(huán)境做出貢獻(xiàn)，世界將會(huì)變得更美好。 _ _ _ _ _ to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.10. 李明昨天沒來上學(xué)，因?yàn)樗×恕?Li Ming didnt come to school

27、_ _ _ _.【名師點(diǎn)睛】用來修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞，副詞和形容詞的從句叫狀語從句。根據(jù)其含義狀語從句可分為時(shí)間狀語從句，地點(diǎn)狀語從句，條件狀語從句， 原因狀語從句，結(jié)果狀語從句，比較狀語從句，目的狀語從句，讓步狀語從句。1. 時(shí)間狀語從句(1)時(shí)間狀語從句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等連詞來引導(dǎo)。例如：It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.While he was doing his homework, the telephone ran

28、g.As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.(2)在時(shí)間狀語從句里，通常不用將來時(shí)態(tài)，用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如：Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York.I will tell him everything when he comes back.He w

29、ont believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.(3)在帶有till或until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含義是“一直到時(shí)”，謂語動(dòng)詞只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如果主句用否定式，其含義是“直到才”, “在以前不”, 謂語動(dòng)詞可用瞬間動(dòng)詞。例如：The young man read till the light went out.Lets wait until the rain stops. We wont start until Bob comes. Dont get off until the bus stops.2.

30、條件狀語從句(1)條件狀語從句通常由if, unless引導(dǎo)。例如：What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?Dont leave the building unless I tell you to.(2)在條件狀語從句里，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如：Ill help you with your English if am free tomorrow.He wont be late unless he is ill.(3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陳述句” 在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)帶有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句。例如：Hurry up, or

31、 youll be late.=If you dont hurry up, youll be late.Study hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.3. 原因狀語從句(1)原因狀語從句通常由because, since, as引導(dǎo)。例如：He didnt come to school because he was ill.As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.Since you cant answer the question, I

32、ll ask someone else.(2)because表示直接原因，語氣最強(qiáng)。Because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句多放在主句之后?；卮鹩蓋hy提出的問題，只能用because。As和since語氣較弱，一般用來表示明顯的原因。由as和since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從居多放在句首。例如：-Why arent going there?-Because I dont want to.As he has no car, he cant get there easily.Since we have no money, we cant buy it.(3)because和so不能同用在一個(gè)句子里。4. 結(jié)果狀

33、語從句(1)結(jié)果狀語從句由sothat, suchthat, so that引導(dǎo)。例如：He is so poor that he cant buy a bike for his son.She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldnt see it.(2)sothat語such.that可以互換。例如：在由so.that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，so是副詞，與形容詞連用。其結(jié)構(gòu)是: “.so + 形容詞（副詞）+ that + 從句”。例如：He

34、 was so glad that he couldnt say a word.The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.在由suchthat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，such是形容詞，它修飾的可以是單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，也可以是不可數(shù)名詞；名詞前面可以帶形容詞，也可不帶。如果是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，前面需加不定冠詞a或an。例如：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.He

35、had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term. 有時(shí)上述兩種結(jié)構(gòu)是可以互換的。例如：It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.It is such an important m

36、atch that nobody wants to miss it.=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.(3)如果名詞前由many, much, little, few等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用so, 不用such。例如：Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.He has so little time that he cant go to the cinema with you.5. 比較狀語從句比較狀語從句通常由asas, 比較級(jí) + than等連詞引導(dǎo)。例如：Tom runs fast