過去分詞作定語

1、過去分詞作定語1. 單個過去分詞作定語 , 通常前置a. 及物動詞的過去分詞，具有被動和完成的意義。a broken cupa wounded soldieran unexpected guestthe excited crowdb. 不及物動詞的過去分詞，具有主動和完成意義。a retired officerC. 合成的過去分詞a much-needed reformstate-owned enterprises2. 過去分詞短語作定語：通常后置，其作用相當于定語從句。a letter written in pencil= a letter which was written in penc

2、il the machines produced last year過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別：1 語態(tài)不同：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，及物動詞的過去分詞表示被動注：不及物動詞的過去分詞只有“完成”含義，而不表示被動The falling leavesthe fallen leaves2 時間關(guān)系不同：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，多表示“動作正在進行”或“與謂語同時進行”或“經(jīng)常性”。過去分詞作定語，則多表示分詞動作“先于位于動詞表示的動作” 或“ 沒有一定的時間性”1.Do you know the boy _(lie) under the big tree?2.“Cant you read?” Mary sai

3、d angrily _(point) tothe notice.3 The woman _(sell) vegetables has gone.4.The wheat is watered by water _(bring) from a pond.5. He is a leader_ (respect) by the people.3 及物動詞的過去分詞(done) 與現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式(being done)都可以表示“被動”，但前者多表示一個完成了的動作，而后者則表示一個正在進行的動作.the problem discussed yesterdayThe problem being dis

4、cussed1. We lived in the house _built by my uncles_( 我舅舅們修建的).2. Any medicine _taken_( 服用 ) without theadvice of a doctor can cause trouble.3. We spent two hours discussing the plan _ ( 她制定的 ).made by her4. _ (開水 )5. _ (一個破碎的茶杯)6. three _ (受傷的士兵1. Most of the people _invited to the party_)( 被邀請參加宴會的

5、) were famous scientists.2. Lessons _learned easily_ ( 易學的 )are soonforgotten.* _Easily-learned_ ( 易學的 ) lessons are soonforgotten.3. The computer center _opened/started_( 開辦 ) last week is popular with the students .9. Pricesof dailygoods _ througha computer can be lowerA. are boughtB. boughtC. bee

6、n boughtD. buyingthan some storeprices.10. Mr Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring分詞分詞作定語分詞作狀語連詞 +分詞 (短語)分詞作補語分詞作表語分詞作插入語分詞的時態(tài)分詞的語態(tài)1 分詞作定語分詞前置We can see the rising sun.He is a retired worker.分詞后置(i.分詞詞組； ii.There was a

7、 girl sitting there.This is the question given.我們可以看到東升的旭日他是位退休的工人個別分詞如given, left有個女孩坐在那里這是所給的問題； iii.)過去分詞作定語與其修飾的詞是被動關(guān)系，相當于一個被動語態(tài)的定語從句。Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.InAfricathereisa tribecalledcanniba

8、l.Peopleliveon asmallislandsurrounded by the sea. They have eaten up all the animals, plants and vegetables,so they want to eat everything. (過去分詞作后置定語)One day a fatherand hisson saw a shipin distancecoming towardsthem. Suddenlythe wind began and the shipsank.They heard,“ help,help. ” They saw a beau

9、tifulgirl lying on the beach. The shouted happily,“ daddy, we have food now.” Thenthe father said,“ no, no, no, don t eat her, leave her to me. Let s eat yourmother, because your mother is too ugly.”（現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語）典型例題1) The first textbook _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16

10、th century.A. have writtenB. to be writtenC. being writtenD. written2 ） What's the language _ in Germany?A. speakingB. spokenC. be spokenD. to speakWhat's the language (which is) spoken in German?1. 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語我們剛剛講過過去分詞作定語， 這里再學習現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。 我們前面曾經(jīng)將現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞統(tǒng)統(tǒng)稱為“動詞的 ing 形式”， 這里我們也無需過細地去分析它們的區(qū)別， 大家只需

11、知道： 動詞的 ing 形式首先表示“正在發(fā)生著”的動作或行為； 其次， 要知道它表示的是主動的含義，不是被動的。示例 1： The most surprising thing about it, however, is that it can landanywhere.(surprising作定語，修飾thing)示例 2： The ball went towards a passing boat.(passing作定語，修飾boat)2. 定語從句的繼續(xù)定語從句作為一種高級的表達方式， 同時作為拉長句子的手段，是一個重點， 所以，我們將不斷強化它的運用。 同時，我們也接觸到了定語從句的簡化

12、方式， 這里將進行更為系統(tǒng)化的研究。請記住：定語從句的簡化必須符合一個根本條件：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語語時可以省略，但不能簡化) ！如果具備了這個條件，便可以進行簡化，而且，簡化后的形式在語言表達的水平上被視為高于定語從句。( 作賓再請記?。悍虾喕瘲l件的定語從句是這樣簡化的：如果定語從句的謂語動詞中有be動詞的各種形式，那么，砍掉關(guān)系代詞和be 動詞的各種形式就完成了；如果定語從句的謂語動詞中沒有be 動詞的各種形式，那么，需要把謂語動詞變?yōu)閕ng 形式。示例 1：The Wayle is a smallriverwhich/that下面兩句話合并而來：The Wayle is a sm

13、allriver.cuts across the park near my home.( 由 It cuts across the park near myhome.)簡化方式： The Wayle is a small river cutting across the park near my home.示例 2： There were some people rowing on the river.(劃線部分作some people 的定語，本身就是簡化式，我們可以把它還原為從句)從句形式： There were some people who were rowing on the riv

14、er.示例 3： Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat.從句形式： Some people on the bank called out to the man who was in the boat.Part III：綜合訓(xùn)練The Wayle isa smallriver(1)cutsacrossthe park near my home. I like(2 sit)(3) the Wayle (4) fine afternoons. It was warm last Sunday, (5) I went (6)

15、sat (7)the river bank (8) usual. Some children were playing games (9) the bank (10) therewere some people(11)were rowing(12)the river.Suddenly,one of thechildrenkickeda ball (13) hard (14) it went towards a (15 pass) boat. Some people (16) the bankcalled out(17)the man (18) theboat,(19) he did not h

16、earthem. The ball(20strike)the man (21) hard (22) he nearlyfell (23) the water. The man turnedtolookat thechildren,(24)therewerent any (25) sight.(26 see) (27) the ballhad struck theman (28) the boat, they all ran away. The man laughed (29) he realized what hadhappened. He called out (30) the childr

17、en (31) (32 throw) the ball back (33) thebank.答案：(1) which/that; (2) sitting; (3) by; (4) on; (5) so; (6) and; (7) on; (8) as;(9)on;(10)and;(11)who; (12)on;(13)so; (14) that;(15)passing; (16) on;(17)to; (18) in; (19) but; (20) struck; (21) so; (22) that; (23) into; (24) but; (25)in;(26)Seeing;(27)th

18、at; (28)in;(29)when; (30) to;(31)and; (32) threw;(33)toPart IV：句型轉(zhuǎn)換將下面句子進行最大程度的合并：1. The Wayle is a small river. I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons.同位語非限制2. I likesittingby a smallriver.This rivercutsacrossthe park near my home.定語從句非謂語3. It was warm last Sunday. I went and sat on the riv

19、er bank as usual.獨立主格4. Some childrenwere playing games on thebank. There were some people. Thesepeople were rowing on the river.5. Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball very hard. It went towards a passing boat.6. Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat. He did not hearthem.

20、7. The ball struck the man very hard. He nearly fell into the water.8. The man turned to look at the children. There werent any in sight.9. The children saw that the ball had struck the man in the boat. They all ranaway.10. The man laughed. He realized what had happened.11. He called out to the children. He threw the ball back to the bank.答案：1. The Wayle is a small river by which I like sitting on fine afternoons.2. I like sitting by a small river which cuts across the park near my home.3. It wa