K清風(fēng)賓語從句講解

1、賓語從句講解 賓語從句是主從復(fù)合句的一種。賓語從句當(dāng)中的 從句在全句中作賓語。例句：I know him。 I know who she is 結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+謂語+引導(dǎo)詞+簡單句其它 1.語序無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句，賓語從句都必須 使用陳述語序，可分為以下四種：1連接詞+謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語。常 見的連接詞有： who, what, which等。如： Could you tell me who knows the answer) please? The small children don't know what is in their stockings . I don&#

2、39;t know which belongs to my father.2連接詞+名詞+謂語。連接詞在從句中作主 語的定語。常見的連接詞有：whose, what ,which, how many ? how much 等。如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class. The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room .3連接詞+主語+謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓 語、狀語或表語。常見的連接詞有：whom，what ) which ) how many ) ho

3、w much ) when ) why, how, where, if /whether在句中不充 當(dāng)任何成分。如：He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi . Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?4連接詞+名詞+主語+謂語。連接詞在從句 中作賓語或表語的定語。常見的連接詞有：what, which, how many ? how much ? how 等。如： Do you know which class he is in ?he asked me if

4、I knew whose pen it was .2.連接詞1當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語從句時，用 that引導(dǎo)， that無詞義，在口語或非正式文體中常省略。 如： He said that he could finish his work beforesupper.2當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時，用 if或 whether 弓I導(dǎo)）意為“是否。如：I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years.但在以下情況下只能用whether:在具有選擇意義，又有or或or not時，尤其 是直接與or not連用時）往往

5、用 whetherif or not 也可以使用。 如：Let me know whether/ if he will come or not . = Let me know whethe or not he will come 讓我知道他是否能 來。 I don't know whether /if he does any washing or not . = I don't know whether or not he does any washing. 我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether we go .我 不知道我

6、們是去還是留。 在介詞之后用 whether。如：I'm interested in whether he likes English .我關(guān)心的是他是否喜 歡英語。We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time ,我們正在考慮是否能按 時完成這項工作。 I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我擔(dān)憂是否傷了她的感情。 在不定 式前用 whether。如：He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man . 他尚

7、未決 定是否拜訪那位老人。I don't know whether to go.我不知去否。He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train .他還未決定是乘公共汽車去 還是坐火車去。 whether置于句首時，不能換用if。如：Whether this is true or not ) I can't say . 這是否 真的我說不上來。引導(dǎo)主語從句和表語從句時宜用 whether。如： Whether she will come or not is still a question .她是否能來還是個問題。The

8、question is whether we can catch the bus .問 題是我們能否趕上公共汽車。假設(shè)用if會引起歧義時，那么用 whether o 如:Please let me know if you like the book . 可 理解為：a. Please let me know whether you like the book.請告訴我你是否喜歡這本書。b. If you like the book , please let me know. 你 如果喜歡這本書，請告訴我。3如果賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句，只需用原來的特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)。如：Could you tel

9、l me why you were late for the meeting this morning ? 你 能告訴我今天早上你為什么開會遲到嗎？3 .時態(tài)含賓語從句的復(fù)合句，主、從句謂語動詞的時態(tài) 照應(yīng)應(yīng)包括以下三點內(nèi)容：1如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句的 謂語動詞可根據(jù)需要，選用相應(yīng)的任何時態(tài)。如：I don't know when he will come back . 我不知道 他將何時回來。 He tells me that his sister cameback yesterday .他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來了。2如果主句的謂語動詞是過去時，賓語從句的 謂語動詞只可根

10、據(jù)需要，選用過去時態(tài)即一般過 去時、過去進(jìn)行時、過去將來時或過去完成時的 某一種形式。如：The children didn't know who he was .孩子們 不知道他是誰。 He asked his father how it happened . 他問他 父親這件事是如何發(fā)生的。3如果賓語從句所表示的是客觀事實、普遍真 理、自然現(xiàn)象或習(xí)慣性動作等，不管主句用什么 時態(tài)，從句時態(tài)都用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun .老師說地 球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。4 .注意：if和when既可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，也

11、可以引導(dǎo)狀 語從句，應(yīng)注意它們在兩種從句中的意思和用法 的不同。if和when引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，分別意為“是否和“何時，其時態(tài)應(yīng)和主句時態(tài)相照 應(yīng)；它們引導(dǎo)狀語從句時，意思分別為“如果， 假設(shè)和“當(dāng)時候，當(dāng)主句時態(tài)是一般將 來時時，其時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時。它們常常放在含有狀語從句和賓語從句的題干中進(jìn)行綜合考查。如：一Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ?你知道他明天什么時候回來嗎？一 Sorry, I don't know . When he comes back, I'll tell you .對不起，不知道。當(dāng)他回來了，我 將告

12、訴你。一I don't know if he will come ,我不知道他是否 會來。一 He will come if it doesn't rain . 如果不下雨） 他會來的。賓語從句的復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)化為簡單句六種方法， 使其與原句意思相同或相近的試題。方法一： 當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是hope, decide,wish ? choose, agree, promise 和主觀決定 有關(guān)等，且賓語從句的主語與主句主語一致時， 賓語從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. fLi Ming hopes to be

13、back very soon.We decided that we would help him. f We decided to help him.方法二：當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是know ? learn,remember) forget) tell和記憶認(rèn)知有關(guān) 等動詞，且主句主語與從句主語一致時， 賓語從 句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： She has forgotten how she can open the window. f She has forgotten how to open the window. 注：當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是tell ? ask, show, teach 等動

14、詞，且后帶雙賓語，從句主語和間接賓語一 致時，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞 +不定式結(jié) 構(gòu)。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station ? f Could you tell me how to get to the station ? 方法三：當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是 order命令， require需要等時，如果主句和從句的主語不 一致，賓語從句可簡化為“名詞代詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmaster ordered us to

15、start at once.方法四：某些動詞后的賓語從句，可以用介詞加 動名詞短語等其他形式簡化。例如：He insisted that he should go with us. f He insisted on going with us.The poor boy doesn ' t know when and where he was born. f The poor boy doesn' t know the time and the place of his birth.方法五：某些動詞后面的賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“賓 語+V-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： Liu P

16、ing found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.方法六：動詞seem后的賓語從句，也可以用不 定式短語來簡化，但句型需要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)淖?化。例如：It seemed that the boys were going to win. f The boys seemed to win.除上述方法外，還有一些特殊句式的轉(zhuǎn)化。例如：I found that it was difficult to learn English well.f I found i

17、t difficult to learn English well.Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.They found that the box was very heavy.一 They found the box very heavy練習(xí) 1 The girls asked if they some foodand drink with them.A. took B. take C. takes D. wi

18、ll take2 Catherine 凱瑟琳 said that she to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been3 The students want to know whether they dictation聽寫today.A. had B. has C. will have D. are4 She asked Linda if go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may5 L

19、inda said the moon round the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled解析2:主句said是一般過去時態(tài)，所以賓語從 句應(yīng)該用過去完成時.排除A、C.又因為這里表 達(dá)的是凱瑟琳說她從來沒有去過廣州的意思 而gone是非延續(xù)性動詞,has gone to.表達(dá)的是 去某地還沒有回來的含義.been是延續(xù)性動詞,has been to表達(dá) 去過某地.因此選D.實戰(zhàn)演練一、例題選講I don ' t knowhe will come or not.A howB whetherIw

20、eather。when例 Can you tell me they will come 2 back?w wherewhenO whichwho一、賓語從句的否認(rèn)前移 否認(rèn)前移：顧名思 義，就是在賓語從句中，從句中的否認(rèn)詞not,前移到主句當(dāng)中。 二，否認(rèn)前移發(fā)生的三個條 件主句的主語是第一人稱主句是一般現(xiàn)在 時主句的謂語動詞是 think, consider, believe suppose, expect等表示心理活動的詞，這時從句 中的否認(rèn)可以轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，從句的謂語用肯定 的形式。注意：1）三個條件均指向賓語從句的 主句。2）三個條件必須同時滿足時，才能發(fā)生 否認(rèn)前移。例：I don&

21、#39;t think he can do it better than me,我想他不會干得比我好。I don't believe they have finished their work yet.我相信他們還未完成他們的工作。三，發(fā)生否認(rèn)轉(zhuǎn)移 句子的反義疑問句其反義疑問句，附加問句局部 要跟從句的形式保持一致 I don't suppose he cares, does he我想他不會在意的）是嗎？賓語從句專項習(xí)題穩(wěn)固練習(xí)I.Have you decided for Australia?A. when will you leaveB. when do you leaveC

22、. you will leave whenD. when you will leave2 .Can you tell me?A. where does Tom liveB. where Tom lived C.Tom lives where D. where Tom lives3 .The old man asked me.A. where was the cinemaB. where is the cinemaC. where the cinema wasD. where was the way to the cinema4.I think you will like him. A. tha

23、tB. ifC.whyD. how5.I didn ' t know he will come or not.A.thatB. whetherC. weatherD. how6.I wonder.A. how much cost these shoesB. how much do these shoes costC. how much these shoes costD. how much are these shoes cost7.She asked me. A. who he wasB.who was heC. who is heD. who he is8.Ask him.A. whose cup this is B. whose cup is this C. this is whose cup D. whose is this cup9.1 don ' t know.A. what time