漢譯英-大學(xué)英語四六級匯總(共13頁)

1、漢譯英擴(kuò)充4/6級匯總-目的,要求和評分第一部分: 概述一、 主要目的1996年以前，全國大學(xué)英語四級考試的閱讀理解部分一直采用多項(xiàng)選擇題型，不能真實(shí)地反映考生的水平，不能較好地檢測考生是否真正地理解了原文。因此，全國大學(xué)英語考試委員會(huì)決定在閱讀理解部分增設(shè)英譯漢翻譯題，其主要目的在于考核考生對英語書面材料的確切理解能力, 促使學(xué)生提高英語的實(shí)際動(dòng)手能力。這無疑給考生提出了更高的要求。1999年新修訂的大學(xué)英語教學(xué)大綱對基礎(chǔ)階段（l2年級）學(xué)生的翻譯能力（英譯漢）具體要求如下：“能借助詞典將難度略低于課文的英語短文譯成漢語，理解正確，譯文達(dá)意，譯速為每小時(shí)300個(gè)英語單詞。”二、具體要求英譯漢

2、一般安排在閱讀理解部分之后，每次共4至5題。分別從4篇文章中分別選擇1個(gè)或2個(gè)句子組成，要求考生在15分鐘之內(nèi)將它們譯成漢語，每題2分，共計(jì)10分。因此，翻譯時(shí)考生需參閱整篇文章的大意，理解上下文，以便更好地傳達(dá)原意。三、評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)根據(jù)最新的全國大學(xué)英語四級考試大綱公布樣題的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，每道英譯漢題為2分，具體細(xì)化為4個(gè)部分，1.5分判給題中3個(gè)必須翻譯正確的語言點(diǎn)，另外O.5分判給整句翻譯的語言結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively

3、sound than someone who has not had an active mind第二節(jié) 答題步驟英譯漢的步驟主要可分為理解、表達(dá)和校正3步。理解是表達(dá)的基礎(chǔ)，表達(dá)是雙語轉(zhuǎn)換的體現(xiàn)，二者不可分割，沒有準(zhǔn)確的理解就沒有順暢的表達(dá)。盡管全國大學(xué)英語四級考試時(shí)間比較緊，但校正仍是不可省略的一步。一、 理解首先是理解句子所關(guān)聯(lián)的主題。由于英譯漢翻譯題的選句是從語篇中劃出句子，其內(nèi)容必然關(guān)聯(lián)主題。因此，必須對文章有一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確的理解。對原文作透徹的理解是翻譯的關(guān)鍵。因此必須注意下面幾點(diǎn)：1、理解語言現(xiàn)象在翻譯時(shí)學(xué)生應(yīng)該依據(jù)上下文來理解原文的詞匯含義，句法結(jié)構(gòu)和慣用法等。例如：For me,

4、teaching is a red-eye, sweaty-palm, sinking-stomach profession.對我來說，教書是一個(gè)會(huì)令人熬紅眼睛，手掌出汗，精神沮喪的職業(yè)。從上下文來看，sinking-stomach 不是指從事教書這個(gè)職業(yè)就會(huì)得胃下垂這種病，而是說明作者的精神狀態(tài)，所以譯成“精神沮喪的”。2、理解邏輯關(guān)系為了透徹理解原文，同學(xué)們還要有聯(lián)系地理解原文中詞，詞組和句子。有時(shí)他們有幾種意思，此時(shí)要根據(jù)上下文仔細(xì)地推敲，決定哪一種是確切的譯法。例如：Let me care for your house while you are away. 在此句中“care for

5、” 應(yīng)該譯成“照看，照料”。I care for classical music. 在此句中 “care for” 應(yīng)該譯成“喜歡”。二、表達(dá)有了正確的理解才有可能進(jìn)行正確的表達(dá)。表達(dá)實(shí)質(zhì)上就是把所理解的內(nèi)容在頭腦中進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換，尋找恰當(dāng)?shù)臐h語詞語表示出來。在表達(dá)上還有一些具體方法和技巧, 在后面的講解中我們會(huì)提到。三、校改校改是前面兩個(gè)階段的進(jìn)一步深化，是對原文理解進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步核實(shí)、推敲的階段。校改在翻譯過程中相當(dāng)重要，通過校改，往往可以發(fā)現(xiàn)譯文中存在的偏差，只有這樣才能確?？汲龊贸煽?。校改的內(nèi)容包括譯詞的錯(cuò)漏或不夠準(zhǔn)確，筆誤，錯(cuò)別字，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號等。 第三節(jié) 使用適當(dāng)?shù)姆g技巧不同的語言各

6、有其特點(diǎn)和形式。在詞匯,語法，慣用法，表達(dá)方面有相同之處，也有相異之處。英譯漢的一切翻譯理論，方法和技巧都建立在英漢兩種語言的對比上。因此在翻譯的過程中，很自然地要用到一些翻譯技巧。學(xué)生應(yīng)該掌握一些基本的翻譯方法。在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)，要有意識、有計(jì)劃地進(jìn)行這方面的訓(xùn)練。下面就提醒同學(xué)注意一些基本的翻譯技巧。一、在詞匯方面要注意如下幾個(gè)問題：1、詞義的選擇英語與漢語一樣，一詞多義的現(xiàn)象很普通，必須依靠分析詞語的搭配來確定該詞在上下文中的特定含義，才不會(huì)出現(xiàn)理解錯(cuò)誤，造成翻譯失誤。例如：I have an account in the Midland Bank.在該句中，account的意思是“帳戶”。

7、This acceleration is frequently dramatized by a brief account of the progress in transportation.在該句中，account的意思是“描述，敘述”。3、詞語的增減因?yàn)橛h兩種語言在句子結(jié)構(gòu)上的差異，我們不可能進(jìn)行“逐字對譯”，很多情況下都采取“意譯”，或者在翻譯的過程中增加一些詞語使句意完整，或者減少一些詞語避免不必要的重復(fù)。例如：So that amounts to about a year for shouting and disabling a cop, and a year for robbin

8、g a jewelry store根據(jù)上下文，為了更準(zhǔn)確地理解原文，翻譯此句時(shí)我們應(yīng)該用增詞法增加動(dòng)詞和減詞法?！澳蔷褪钦f，槍擊并可能致殘一位警察只服了一年的刑，槍劫珠寶店也僅服刑一年”。.而原句中的”amount to” 在譯時(shí)給省掉了。With what enthusiasm the students are studying English! 翻譯時(shí)可以增加形容詞，使譯文更明確。（學(xué)生們正以多么高的熱情學(xué)習(xí)英語?。。┒?、在句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面要注意名詞從句、定語從句、狀語從句，長句的處理和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的問題?，F(xiàn)分別舉例如下：1、名詞從句。名詞從句包括主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。翻譯這類從句比較容

9、易，大多數(shù)可按原文順序譯，但也有一些特殊處理的方法。 1.1主語從句。該句型可先譯主語從句，形式主語可譯可不譯。例如：It does not matter which method you chose.（你選擇哪一種方法都無關(guān)緊要。） 1.2賓語從句。有it作形式賓語時(shí)，可先譯that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。例如：I owe it to you that I have been so successful.（我這么成功，多虧了你。） 1.3同位語從句。該從句往往譯成“的”這種從句往往是置后，我們可把從句名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為漢語的動(dòng)詞來譯，后面的從句可用漢語的“即”或冒號引出。例如：We have to face

10、 the fact that we have done wrong.(我們不得不 視這樣的現(xiàn)實(shí)：我們已經(jīng)做錯(cuò)了。)2、定語從句。英語中的定語從句的譯法主要涉及到限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的譯法。當(dāng)定語從句較簡單時(shí)，可以用前置法來翻譯。就是說把定語從句譯成帶“的”的定語詞組，放在被修飾的詞之前。例如：If it is school success you are after, you can not neglect studying.（如果你追求的是學(xué)業(yè)成功，你決不能忽視學(xué)習(xí)。）如果定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，譯成漢語前置定語顯得太長而不符合漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣時(shí)，往往可以譯成后置的并列分句。例如：They

11、 are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.（他們正在為實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)理想而努力，這個(gè)理想是每個(gè)中國人所珍愛的，在過去，許多中國人曾為了這個(gè)理想而犧牲了自己的性命。）3、狀語從句狀語從句包括時(shí)間，條件，地點(diǎn)和目的等從句。在翻譯時(shí)，往往可以把這類從句譯成漢語的介詞或副詞詞組，或譯成分句。例如：She was late because the traffic was t

12、oo heavy.將原因狀語從句譯成表原因的分句，按漢語的習(xí)慣，在譯文中把它前置在主句的前面。“因?yàn)榻煌ㄌ珦頂D，她遲到了。4、長句的處理。碰到長句翻譯時(shí)，我們要注意如下幾個(gè)方面的問題。4.1語序不同。語序是使學(xué)習(xí)英語的中國學(xué)生感到頭痛的問題之一。一個(gè)句子中有眾多成分，哪個(gè)在前，哪個(gè)在后？一般說來，英漢兩種語言在句子順序的先后排列上不一樣，例如：昨天上午八點(diǎn)半在體育館前面我碰見了John。漢語將事件的有關(guān)情況先一交代，最后才點(diǎn)明主題。英語是：I met John in front of the stadium at half past eight yesterday morning. 英語先把“

13、什么人做什么事情”說出來，然后一步步地將地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間等附加狀語說出來，英漢兩種語言在其它方面語序也大不一樣。 拿地點(diǎn)狀語來說，漢語的習(xí)慣是從大說到小，而英語卻是從小說到大，兩種語序正好相反。4.2結(jié)構(gòu)的不同：英語有些句子很長，但其結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，復(fù)雜而清晰，從句里還有從句，而漢語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較松散，常用幾個(gè)小句表達(dá)一句話的意思。例如:Hughes is one of the most accomplished writers in American literary history and is seen as one of the artistic leaders of the Harlem Ren

14、aissance, the period when a neighborhood that was predominantly black produced a flood of great literature, music, and other art forms depicting daily city life for African-Americans.該句句子較長，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，有并列結(jié)構(gòu)、被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)、同位語和定語從句?？砂言姆殖扇齻€(gè)句子來翻譯?！?休斯是美國文學(xué)史上最成功的作家之一。在哈萊姆文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期, 從黑人占優(yōu)勢的地區(qū)中涌現(xiàn)出數(shù)量眾多的文學(xué)作品。音樂作品和其他的藝術(shù)形式，描寫了

15、非洲裔美國人日常城市生活。修斯被看做是這個(gè)復(fù)興時(shí)期的一名藝術(shù)帶頭人?！?.3表達(dá)習(xí)慣不同。英漢兩種語言表達(dá)習(xí)慣差異較大。所以在翻譯中既要保留原文結(jié)構(gòu)，又要忠實(shí)原文意思往往有困難。此時(shí)可以改變原文結(jié)構(gòu)，保留原文意思。而常用的方法之一是分譯法，即把原文中較長的句子成分，或者不易安排的句子成分分出來另作處理。這樣可以使譯文在意義上忠實(shí)原文而意思明確。例如：Heat is required to change ice to water. 把句中的不定式短語譯成一個(gè)分句。（要讓冰融為水，就必須加熱。）She had made several attempts to help them find othe

16、r rental quarters without success. 把該句拆開，譯成個(gè)小句。（她已試了好幾次，要幫他們另找一所出租的房子，結(jié)果并沒有成功。）大學(xué)英語四級翻譯題目匯總 大綱樣題87.The substance does not dissolve in water _(不管是否加熱)。 88.Not only _(他向我收費(fèi)過高)，but he didnt do a good repair job either89. Your losses in trade this year are nothing _(與我的相比)。 90. On average, it is sa

17、id, visitors spend only _(一半的錢) in a day in Leeds as in London. 91. By contrast, American mothers were more likely_ (把孩子的成功歸因于) natural talent. 2006年6月24日英語四級翻譯87. Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble _ (找到去歷史博物館的路).88. _ (為了掙錢供我上學(xué))， mother often takes on more work than is good for

18、her.89. The professor required that _ (我們交研究報(bào)告)。90. The more you explain, _ (我愈糊涂).91. Though a skilled worker, _ (他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis.2006年12月23日英語四級翻譯87. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to _(適應(yīng)不同文化中的生活).88. Since my childhood I have found

19、that _ (沒有什么比讀書對我更有吸引力).89. The victim _ (本來會(huì)有機(jī)會(huì)活下來) if he had been taken to hospital in time.90. Some psychologists claim that people _ (出門在外時(shí)可能會(huì)感到孤獨(dú)).91. The nations population continues to rise _ (以每年1200萬人的速度). 2007年6月23日英語四級翻譯87. The finding of this study failed to _ (將人們的睡眠質(zhì)量考慮在內(nèi)).88. The prev

20、ent and treatment of AIDS is _ (我們可以合作的領(lǐng)域).89. Because of the leg injury, the athlete _ (決定退出比賽).90. To make donations or for more information, please _ (按以下地址和我們聯(lián)系).91. Please come here at ten tomorrow morning _ (如果你方便的話).2007年12月22日英語四級翻譯87. _ (多虧了一系列的新發(fā)明)，doctors can treat this disease successful

21、ly.88. In my sixties, one change I notice is that _.(我比以前更容易累了)89. I am going to pursue this course, _. (無論我要作出什么樣的犧牲)90. I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because _. (它更加方便和省時(shí))91. Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life _ (是用他們能夠借到多少來衡量的)，not how much

22、 they can earn.2008年6月21日英語四級翻譯87. Our efforts will pay off if the results of the research _. (能應(yīng)用于新技術(shù)的開發(fā))88. I cant boot my computer now. something _ (一定出了毛病)with its operating system.89. Leaving ones job, _(無論是什么工作)，is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.90. _ (與我成長的地方相

23、比)，this town is more prosperous and exciting.91. _(直到他完成使命) did he realize that he was seriously ill.2008年12月20日英語四級翻譯87. Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems _. (他們至今還沒有答案)88. _(大多數(shù)父母所關(guān)心的) is providing the best education possible for their children.89. Youd better ta

24、ke a sweater with you _. (以防天氣變冷)90. Through the project, many people have received training and _. (決定自己創(chuàng)業(yè))91. The anti-virus agent was not known _. (直到一名醫(yī)生偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了它)2009年6月20日英語四級翻譯87. Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had _ (很難跟上班里的同學(xué))in math and English.88. If she had r

25、eturned an hour earlier, Mary _. (就不會(huì)被大雨淋了)89. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are _. (更有可能增加體重)90. (很多人沒有意識到的)_ is that Simon is a lover of sports, and football in particular.91. The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is _. (與缺乏鍛煉密切相關(guān))2009年12月英語四級翻譯87

26、. You would not have failed if _.(按照我的指令去做)88. Despite the hardship he encountered, Mark never _. (放棄對知識的追求)89. Scientists agree that it will be a long time before _. (我們找到治愈癌癥的方法)90. Production has to be increased considerably to _. (與消費(fèi)者不斷增長的需求保持同步)91. The more exercise you take, _. (你越不大可能感冒)2010

27、年6月英語四級翻譯題87、Because of noise outside,Nancy had greatdifficulty_(集中注意力在實(shí)驗(yàn)上)88、The manager never laughed;neither_(她也從來沒有發(fā)過脾氣)。89、We look forward to_( 被邀請出席開幕式)。90、It is suggested that the air conditioner_(要安裝在窗戶旁邊)91、The 16 year old girl decided to travel abroadon her own despite_(她父母的強(qiáng)烈反對)參考答案： 大綱樣題

28、 87. whether (it is) heated or not 88. Not only did he charge me too much或Not only did he overcharge me 89. compared with mine 或 in comparison with mine 90. half as much(money) 91. to attribute/ascribe their childrens success to 06.6 87. finding the way to the history museum 88. In order to support

29、my university studies (或：to finance my education;to pay for my education/to pay my tuition fees) 89. we(should) hand in our/the research report(s) 90. the more confused I am 91. he was fired by the company 06.12 87. adapt oneself to life/living in different cultures 88. nothing is more attractive to

30、 me than reading89. would have had a chance to survive或would have survived 90. might feel lonely when they are far from home/ are not in their hometown/ traveling. 91. at a speed/rate of 12 million per year 或 at an annual speed of 12 million 07.6 87. take peoples sleep quality/quality of sleep into

31、account/consideration 88. a field in which we can work together / a field in which we can cooperate 89. decided to quit the match 90. contact us at the following address 91. at your convenience/if it is convenient for you 07.12 87. Thanks to/ because of a series of new inventions 88. I have been mor

32、e likely to get tired than before/ I get tired more easily than before 89. no matter at what expense (cost)/ no matter what I have to sacrifice (pay)/ would have to sacrifice (pay) 90. the former/ shopping online is more convenient and efficient (time-saving) (can save more time) 91. is measured in

33、terms of how much they can borrow 08.6 87. can be applied to the development of the new technology. 88. must be wrong 89. whatever job it is/ no matter what job it is 90. Compared with the place where I grew up 91. Not until he had finished the mission08.1287. to which they still have no answers tod

34、ay88. what most parents are concerned about89. in case of temperature drop90. decide to start their own business91. until a doctor found it by chance09.6difficulty (in) keeping up with his classmates wouldnt have been caught by the heavy rain more likely to put on weight what many people don't r

35、ealize / what a host of folks don't realize closely linked to the lack of exercise / closely related to the lack of exercise 09.1287. if you had followed my instructions/orders88. abandoned the pursuit of knowledge89. find the cure for cancer90. keep pace with the constantly growing demands of c

36、onsumers91. the less likely you are to catch a cold10.6in focusing on the experimenthad she lost her temperbeing invited to attend the opening ceremony(should) be installed by the windowher parents strong objection【真題】09年6月82. With the oil prices ever rising, she tried to talk _(說服他不買車)。83. _(保持幽默感有

37、助于)reduce stress and promote creative thinking in todays competitive society.84. When confronted with the evidence, _(他不得不坦白自己的罪行)。85. When people say, “I can feel my ears burning,” it means that they think _(一定有人在說他們的壞話)。86. She has decided to go on a diet, but finds _(很難抵制冰激凌的誘惑)。08年12月82. He desi

38、gned the first suspension bridge, which _(把美觀和功能完美地結(jié)合起來)。83. It was very dark, but Mary seemed to _(本能地知道該走哪條路)。84. I dont think it advisable that parents _(剝奪孩子們的自由) to spend their spare time as they wish.85. Older adults who have a high level of daily activities have more energy and _(與不那么活躍的人相比死亡

39、率要低)。86. Your resume should attract a would-be bosss attention by demonstrating _(為什么你是某個(gè)特定職位的最佳人選)。08年6月82. We can say a lot of things about those _(畢生致力于詩歌的人)：they are passionate, impulsive, and unique.83. Mary couldnt have received my letter, _(否則她上周就該回信了)。84. Nancy is supposed to _(做完化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn))at lea

40、st two weeks ago.85. Never once _(老兩口互相爭吵) since they were married 40 years ago.86. _(一個(gè)國家未來的繁榮在很大程度上有賴于) the quality of education of its people.07年12月82. But for mobile phones, _(我們的通信就不可能如此迅速和方便)。83. In handling an embarrassing situation, _(沒有什么比幽默感 更有幫助的了)。84. The Foreign Minister said he was res

41、igning, _(但他拒絕進(jìn)一步解釋這樣做的原因)。85. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, _(而動(dòng)物的行為主要依靠本能)。86. The witness was told that under no circumstances _(他都不應(yīng)該對法庭說謊)。07年6月82. The auto manufacturers found themselves _(正在同外國公司競爭市場的份額)。83. Only in the small town _(他才感到安全和放松)。84. It is absolutely unfair tha

42、t these children _(被剝奪了受教育的權(quán)利)。85. Our years of hard work are all in vain, _(更別提我們所花費(fèi)的大量金錢了)。86. The problems of blacks and women _(最近幾十年受到公眾相當(dāng)大的關(guān)注)。06年12月24日72. If you had _(聽從了我的忠告，你就不會(huì)陷入麻煩)。73. With tears on her face, the lady _(看著她受傷的兒子被送進(jìn)手術(shù)室)。74. After the terrorist attack, tourists _(被勸告暫時(shí)不要去該

43、國旅游)。75. I prefer to communicate with my customers _(通過寫電子郵件而不是打電話)。76. _(直到截止日他才寄出)his application form.06年12月23日 （仿真題）72. It was essential that _(我們在月底前簽訂合同)。73. To our delight, she _(進(jìn)大學(xué)一個(gè)月就適應(yīng)了校園生活)。74. The new government was accused _(未能實(shí)現(xiàn)其降低失業(yè)率的承諾)。75. The workmen think _（遵守安全規(guī)則很重要）。76. The cus

44、tomer complained that no sooner _(他剛試著使用這臺(tái)機(jī)器，它就不能運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)了)。06年6月（仿真題）72. The purpose of the organization is to _(給所有新來這座城市的人提供必要的信息)。73. _(只要她自己支付一切費(fèi)用)， she can go to visit her aunt in Los Angeles.74. They lost their way in the forest, _(更糟糕的是夜晚開始降臨了)。75. Most students found that Aristotles philosophical

45、 thinking was _(遠(yuǎn)比他們所想的復(fù)雜)。76. Being out of work and having two young children, _(夫妻倆發(fā)現(xiàn)勉強(qiáng)維持生計(jì)是不可能的)。05年12月（仿真題）72. At the wedding ceremony of Peter, I _(結(jié)識了我目前的女朋友)。73. The father thought _(他可以說服女兒改變決定)。74. No sooner_(我剛點(diǎn)著蠟燭，它就被風(fēng)吹滅了) by a violent draught.75. With _(市場價(jià)格波動(dòng)太大)，its hard for the firm to

46、 plan a budget.76. Punctuality also means _(不把今天能做的事推遲到明天)。05年6月（仿真題）82. The government was accused _（沒能實(shí)現(xiàn)其改善城市交通狀況的承諾）。83. Only in this way _(我們才能在畢業(yè)之后很快適應(yīng)社會(huì))。84. The medicine _(治愈了老婦人的慢性咳嗽) which she had suffered 20 years ago.85. Not until Alice had her own baby _(她才明白做母親多難)。86. The manager asked

47、his assistant _(他是否能制定出投資計(jì)劃) before the end of the month.【真題答案】09年6月82. him out of buying a car83. Keeping a sense of humor helps84. had to confess his crime85. (that) there must be someone speaking ill of them86. it very difficult to resist the temptation of ice cream08年12月82. combined beauty and f

48、unctionality perfectly83. know which way to take by instinct84. deprive their children of freedom85. a lower death rate compared with those who dont86. why you are the best candidate for a certain position08年6月82. who devote their whole life to poetry83. or/otherwise she would have replied to me las

49、t week84. have finished the chemical experiments85. has the old couple quarrelled with each other86. To a great extent, the future prosperity of a nation depends on07年12月82. our communication would not have been so efficient and convenient83. nothing is more helpful than a sense of humor84. but refused to make further explanation why he was doing so85. while the animals behavior mainly depends upon their instinct.86. should he lie to the court07年6月82. competing against foreign companies for market share83. can he feel safe and relaxed84.be deprived