被動語態(tài)語法實用教案

1、 The students didnt forget his lessons easily. The students didnt forget his lessons easily. His lessons were not easily forgotten. His lessons were not easily forgotten. 第1頁/共38頁第一頁，共39頁。3. 一般將來一般將來(jingli)時：時： They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea. They will give plent

2、y of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers. 4. 過去將來過去將來(jingli)時：時： The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as

3、 possible. The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible. 第2頁/共38頁第二頁，共39頁。5. 現(xiàn)在進行現(xiàn)在進行(jnxng)時：時： The radio is broadcasting English lessons. English lessons are being broadcast on the radio. We are painting the rooms. The rooms are being painted. 6. 過去進行過去進行(jnxng)時：時： Why did

4、nt they drive there on time? Because the workers were mending the road. Because the road was being mended. This time last year we were planting trees here. Trees were being planted here this time last year. 7. 現(xiàn)在完成時：現(xiàn)在完成時： Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off. I have been told the sp

5、orts meet might be put off. We have brought down the price. The price has been brought down. 第3頁/共38頁第三頁，共39頁。8. 過去完成時：過去完成時： When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets. When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. The whole country was very

6、 sad at the news of his death; People had considered him to be a great leader. He had been considered to be a great leader. 9. 含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)： 含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)是由含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)是由“情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+ be+ 及物動詞及物動詞(j w dn c)的過去分詞的過去分詞”構成。構成。 You must hand in your compositions after class. Your compositions must

7、be handed in after class. He can write a great many letters with the computer. A great many letters can be written with the computer by him. 第4頁/共38頁第四頁，共39頁。被動語態(tài): 我們知道(zh do), 被動語態(tài)是由be + done(動詞的過去分詞)構成的被動語態(tài)構成比較一般現(xiàn)在時 主 + am / is / are + done 一般過去時主 + was / were + done 含情態(tài)動詞主 + 情態(tài)動詞 + be done一般將來時主

8、+ will be + done 現(xiàn)在完成時主 + have/has been + done 過去完成時主 +had been + done 現(xiàn)在進行時主 +am/is/are being + done 過去進行時主 + was/were being + done 過去將來時主 + would be + done 說明(1)done表示動詞的過去分詞(2)下劃線的詞為助動詞 第5頁/共38頁第五頁，共39頁。10: 動詞動詞(dngc)不定式的被動語態(tài)不定式的被動語態(tài)be to do- be to be donebe going to do-be going to be doneBe abou

9、t to do-be about to be doneEg: He is to read a novel A novel is to be read by himThey are going to hold a meeting tomorrow.A meeting is going to be held tomorrow.They are about to shoot the murderer.The murderdr is about to be shot by them.第6頁/共38頁第六頁，共39頁。(1) The police found that the house _and a

10、lot of things _. A. has broken into; has been stolen B. had broken into ; had been stolen C. has been broken into; stolen D. had been broken into; stolen (2) If city noises _ from increasing, people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept; will have to B. are

11、not kept; have to C. do not keep ; will have to D. do not keep ; have toDPracticeA第7頁/共38頁第七頁，共39頁。(3) -_ the sports meet might be put off. -Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I told(4) The maths problem _ among the students soon. A. is about to be discuss

12、 B. is going to be discussed C. is to discuss D. is going to have been discussedAB第8頁/共38頁第八頁，共39頁。 I was given a present on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday. 如果把直接賓語如果把直接賓語( (指物指物) )改為改為(i wi)(i wi)主語，則主語，則在間接賓語在間接賓語( (指人指人) )前加適當?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以前加適當?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以說：說： A present was given A p

13、resent was given toto me yesterday. me yesterday. 第9頁/共38頁第九頁，共39頁。第10頁/共38頁第十頁，共39頁。3. 由動詞由動詞(dngc)+ 介詞或副詞構成的短語動詞介詞或副詞構成的短語動詞(dngc)，要把它們作，要把它們作為整體看，即把它們看成一個及物動詞為整體看，即把它們看成一個及物動詞(dngc)，介詞或副詞不可拆開，介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉這類動詞或漏掉這類動詞(dngc)有有 laugh at, operate on, look after, make fun of, make use of take care of,

14、carry out, give up, hand in, point out, put away, put off, turn down, work out, talk about等。等。 The patient is being operated on. The problem is solved. It neednt be talked about. His request was turned down. The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather. A child is taken good care of第11

15、頁/共38頁第十一頁，共39頁。4. 帶復合賓語(賓語+ 賓補)的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時，一般把主動結構中的賓語改為主語，而賓語補足語保留(boli)在謂語動詞后面。如：a,動詞+賓語+adj We always keep the classroom clean. The classroom is always kept clean. b,動詞+賓語+ n They chose Tom captain. Tom was chosen captainc.動詞+賓語+ to do She told us to follow her instructions. We were told to follo

16、w her instructions. d,動詞+賓語+doing I found him lying on the floor he was found lying on the floore,動詞+賓語+done we found all our seats occupied. all our seats were found occupied.注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等動詞后作賓語補足語的動詞不定式都不帶 to，但改成被動語態(tài)后都帶to， We often hear him play the

17、guitar. He is often heard to play the guitar. His mother makes him clean the room every day. He is made to clean the room every day.第12頁/共38頁第十二頁，共39頁。（二）某些動詞(dngc)用主動表被動？1. The picture looks beautiful . 這里的 look是表狀態(tài)特征的連系動詞，它后面要求跟形容詞或名詞構成系表結構，其主動(zhdng)形式表被動含義。感官系動詞一般用主動(zhdng)形式表示被動意義，如：feel，look,

18、seem, taste, sound, remain, turn out ,smell等。 Do you like the material? Yes, it feels very soft. The flowers look beautiful What he said sounds reasonable. The roses smell sweet. The medicine tastes bitter. 誤：It is felt very soft. The food tastes delicious. 誤：The food is tasted delicious. The pop mu

19、sic sounds beautiful. 誤：The pop music is sounded beautiful 第13頁/共38頁第十三頁，共39頁。 2.有些動詞既是及物又是不及物，當它們有些動詞既是及物又是不及物，當它們(t men)和和well, badly, easily等副詞連用等副詞連用時，表示主語內在品質或性能，是不及物動詞，用主動表示被動，這時不用被動語時，表示主語內在品質或性能，是不及物動詞，用主動表示被動，這時不用被動語態(tài)，常見的有：態(tài)，常見的有：write, read, clean, sell, dry,wash, cook,wear 等。如：等。如： The cl

20、oth washes easily. 這布很好洗。這布很好洗。 Some silks wash well The new product sells well. 這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。 The pen writes smoothly. 這支筆寫字很流暢。這支筆寫字很流暢。 The poem reads fluently./ The shoes wear well. The paper tears easily This kind of cloth dried easily對比：對比： The books sell well. (主動句主動句) The books were sold

21、out. (被動句被動句) The meat didnt cook well. (主動句主動句) The meat was cooked for a long time over low heat. (被動句被動句)第14頁/共38頁第十四頁，共39頁。3. want, need, require 3. want, need, require 作作“需要需要 ” ”解時及解時及be worth ,in be worth ,in need ofneed of后接動詞后接動詞(dngc)(dngc)，常用，常用動名詞的主動形式表被動含義。動名詞的主動形式表被動含義。Eg: 1: The flowe

22、r needs/ wants/ requires watering. Your hair needs/wants/requires cutting The computer needs/wants/requires reqairing2: The film /music is worth listening to.3: His teaching method is in need of improving第15頁/共38頁第十五頁，共39頁。4. 4. 不定式在某些形容詞后作狀語且和句子不定式在某些形容詞后作狀語且和句子(j zi)(j zi)的主語（或賓語）構成邏輯上的的主語（或賓語）構成邏

23、輯上的動賓關系時：動賓關系時：1.The sentence is easy to understand.2.She found the problem hard to deal with.3.The box is heavy to lift4.The picture is pleasant to look at5.The novel is interesting to read此類形容詞此類形容詞：difficult, comfortable, pleasant, fit, interesting,unfit, light, heavy, dangerous, etc.第16頁/共38頁第十六

24、頁，共39頁。5.不定式作名詞的后置定語不定式作名詞的后置定語(dngy)，和，和被修飾的名詞有邏輯上的動賓關系，同時被修飾的名詞有邏輯上的動賓關系，同時和該句主語構成邏輯上的主謂關系，不定和該句主語構成邏輯上的主謂關系，不定式常用主動形式表被動含義：式常用主動形式表被動含義：1.She had only a cold room to live in.2.I have a meeting to attend.3. I have a lot of homework to do4. She has many children to look after5. I gave him a cake to

25、 eat6.I gave him a book to read第17頁/共38頁第十七頁，共39頁。第一，一些(yxi)不及物動詞短語沒有被動語態(tài)，如：take place , come about , break out, belong to, consist of, add up to, come into being, come true, turn out 等。如： The fire broke out in the capital building. 誤：The fire was broke out in the capital building. Great changes hav

26、e taken place in China. 誤：Great changes have been taken place in China.第二，不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。 When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen. 誤：The sun had already been risen. After the earthquake, few houses remained. 誤：After the earthquake, few hou

27、ses were remained.第18頁/共38頁第十八頁，共39頁。例如例如(lr)(lr)： 據(jù)說據(jù)說It is said /thought that It is said /thought that 據(jù)報導據(jù)報導It is reported that It is reported that 據(jù)推測據(jù)推測It is supposed that It is supposed that 希望希望It is hoped that It is hoped that 眾所周知眾所周知It is well known that It is well known that 普遍認為普遍認為It is

28、 generally considered that It is generally considered that 有人建議有人建議It is suggested that It is suggested that 1) It is reported that it is going 1) It is reported that it is going toto rain tomorrow. rain tomorrow. 2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric 2) It is well known that

29、Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.lamp. 3) It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing. 3) It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.（四）在漢語中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語(zhy)，在英語中一般可用被動結構來表示第19頁/共38頁第十九頁，共39頁。（五）英語中一些(yxi)詞的被動結構表主動意義 be dressed in, be seated in/at/beside/next to be addicted to , be d

30、etermined to be devoted to,be absorbed in,be disappointed at, be lost in, be engaged in/be occupied in,be faced withEg: 1.She is seated on the sofa. 2. Addicted to surfing the internet, the boy often escapes from classes. 3. Determined to give up smoking, he threw away his remaining cigarettes. 4. D

31、isappointed at failing in the math exam, Kenta wouldnt like to talk about it to his parents.5. Judith lay on the sofa, absorbed in her book.第20頁/共38頁第二十頁，共39頁。（六）介詞in,on,under+名詞短語(duny)表被動意義 常見(chn jin)的有：under control,under treatment,under repair,under discussion,under construction,beyond belief,

32、beyond ones reach,beyond ones control, in print, in sight, on sale, on show, on trial, out of control, out of sight, out of ones reach, out of fashion,. Eg: 1.The building is under construction(is being constructed) 2.The plane was out of control( cant be controlled) 3.The road is under repair(is be

33、ing repaired) 4.Today some treasures are on show( are being shown) in the museum.第21頁/共38頁第二十一頁，共39頁。1.The new dictionaries are very useful.They _well and _already.sell; have been sold outB. sold; had sold outC. sell, sell outare sold; have been sold out2. I saw Dave in lift this morning.-Really? He

34、_around here for a long time.A. wont be seenB. wasnt seeC. hasnt been seenD. hadnt been seen第22頁/共38頁第二十二頁，共39頁。3. The window is dirty.-I know. It _ for weeks.A.hasnt cleaned B.didnt cleanC. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned4. The heros story _differently in the newspapers.A.was reported B. was re

35、portingC.reports D. reported5.Why did you leave that position?-I _a better position at IBM.A.offer B. offered C.am offered D.was offered6. More than a dozen students in that school_abroad to study medicine last year.A. sent B. were sent C.had sent D.had been sent第23頁/共38頁第二十三頁，共39頁。7. The policemans

36、 attention was suddenly caught by a small box which_placed under the Ministers car.A.has been B.was beingC.had been D.would be8. Millions of pounds worth damage_by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.A.has been caused B.had been causedC. will be caused D.will have been caused9

37、. When the old man_to walk back to his house,the sun_itself behind the mountain.A.started ; had already hidden B. had started; had already hidden C. had started ; was hidingD. was starting; hid第24頁/共38頁第二十四頁，共39頁。10:The water _cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.was felt B.is felt

38、C.felt D.feels11: The moment the 28th Olympic Games_open, the whole world cheered.declared B.have been declaredC. have declared D. were declared12.Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one _.blamed B.blaming C.to blame D.to be blamed第25頁/共38頁第二十五頁，共39頁。13. I

39、n a room above the store, where a party _, some workers were busily setting the table.A.was to be held B.has been heldC.will be held D. is being held14.I dont suppose the police know who did it.-Well surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and_now.A.has been questioned B.is being questionedC.

40、is questioning D. has questioned15. The new type of cellphone _better if it is advertised on TV.A. will sell B. sells C. would sell D.sold第26頁/共38頁第二十六頁，共39頁。 16. The bridge which _ last year looks really beautiful. A. was built B. built C. was set up D. had been built 17. This cloth _well and _ lon

41、g. Ok. Ill take it. A. washes/lasts B. is washed/lasted C. washes/is lasted D. is washing/lasting 18. An exhibition of paintings _ at the museum next week. A. are to be held B. is to be held C. are holding D. will hold 第27頁/共38頁第二十七頁，共39頁。 19. Im sorry, sir. Your recorder isnt ready yet. It _ in the

42、 factory. A. is being repaired B. is repaired C. has been repaired D. hasnt repaired 20. Every possible means , but none prove successful. A. has tried B. has been tried C. is being tried D. tried 21. My little sister has broken my watch. - My watch _ by my little sister. A. is broken B. has broken

43、C. have been brokenD. has been broken第28頁/共38頁第二十八頁，共39頁。22. He was cleaning his room when I entered the house. - His room _ by him when I entered the room. A. was being cleaned B. was cleaned C. was being cleaning D. has been cleaned23. I shall have Finished reading the novel by dinner time.- This

44、novel _ reading (by me) by dinner time A. will have finished . B. will has been finished C. will have being finished D. will have been finished24. You ought to keep these three rooms clean. -These three rooms _ (by you).A. are oughted to keep clean B. ought to kept clean C. ought to be kept clean D.

45、 ought to have been kept clean第29頁/共38頁第二十九頁，共39頁。1.The new dictionaries are very useful.They _well and _already.A. sell; have been sold outB. sold; had sold outC. sell, sell outD.are sold; have been sold out2. I saw Dave in lift this morning.-Really? He_around here for a long time.A. wont be seenB.

46、 wasnt seeC. hasnt been seenD. hadnt been seen第30頁/共38頁第三十頁，共39頁。3. The window is dirty.-I know. It _ for weeks.A.hasnt cleaned B.didnt cleanC. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned4. The heros story _differently in the newspapers.A. was reported B. was reportingC.reports D. reported5.Why did you leav

47、e that position?-I _a better position at IBM.A.offer B. offered C.am offered D.was offered6. More than a dozen students in that school_abroad to study medicine last year.A. sent B. were sent C.had sent D.had been sent第31頁/共38頁第三十一頁，共39頁。7. The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box

48、which_placed under the Ministers car.A.has been B.was beingC.had been D.would be8. Millions of pounds worth damage_by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.A.has been caused B.had been causedC. will be caused D.will have been caused9. When the old man_to walk back to his house,t

49、he sun_itself behind the mountain.A.started ; had already hidden B. had started; had already hidden C. had started ; was hidingD. was starting; hid第32頁/共38頁第三十二頁，共39頁。10:The water _cool when I joined into the pool for morning exercise.A.was felt B.is felt C.felt D.feels11: The moment the 28th Olympi

50、c Games_open, the whole world cheered.A.declared B.have been declaredC. have declared D. were declared12.Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one _.A.blamed B.blaming C.to blame D.to be blamed第33頁/共38頁第三十三頁，共39頁。13. In a room above the store, where a party

51、_, some workers were busily setting the table.A.was to be held B.has been heldC.will be held D. is being held14.I dont suppose the police know who did it.-Well surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and_now.A.has been questioned B.is being questionedC. is questioning D. has questioned15. The new type of cellp