初中動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞精講及練習(xí)

1、初中動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞精講考點(diǎn) 1：動(dòng)詞不定式1.動(dòng)詞不定式的形式及特點(diǎn)to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，有的不定式可省略 to。不定式的否定形動(dòng)詞不定式一般由“不定式符號(hào)式是“ not to （do）”He asked me to play chess with him。 他讓我和他一起下國(guó)際象棋。(帶 1o)1 saw a boy go across the road just now。 我看見(jiàn)有個(gè)男孩剛才過(guò)了馬路。(不帶 to)The teacher told me not to be late again.(否定形式動(dòng)詞不定式的用法老師告訴我不要再遲到。2.動(dòng)詞不定式的用法動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中不能作

2、謂語(yǔ)，但可以用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ) 。雖不作謂語(yǔ)，但它可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。下面重點(diǎn)介紹幾種用(1)不定式作賓語(yǔ)不定式作賓語(yǔ)的情況比較多，但是一般情況下，不定式只作部分動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。經(jīng)常接不定式作賓語(yǔ) (即動(dòng)詞 + to do sth。結(jié)構(gòu))的動(dòng)詞有： begn(開(kāi)始 )，care(愿意 )，ask(要求 )，hope(希望 )，learn(學(xué)會(huì) )， expect(期望 )，want(想要 )，wish(希望 )， forget(忘記 )，like( 喜歡 )， decide(決定 )，try( 嘗試 )， continue(繼續(xù) )，er(比較喜歡 )， pr

3、etend(假裝 )等。如I hope to see the famous scientist。( to see作 hope 的賓語(yǔ) )我希望看見(jiàn)那位著名的科學(xué)家。不定式也可以用來(lái)作某些形容詞的賓語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的這類形容詞有：ready(準(zhǔn)備好 )， anxious(急于 )，able能夠 )， sure(一定 )， glad(高興 )， sory(難過(guò) )， afraid(害怕 )， pleased(高興 )， willing( 愿意 )等。如m glad to meet you。 ( to meel 作 glad 的賓語(yǔ) )見(jiàn)到你很高興。不定式和疑問(wèn)詞連用作賓語(yǔ)。 如： when to do(什

4、么時(shí)候做 )； how to do( 怎樣做 )； what to do(做什么 )； why to do(為什么做 )； where to do(在哪丿 L 做 )； which to do(做哪一個(gè) )等。如Idon' t know what to buy for my mother。 ( what to buy 作 know 的賓語(yǔ) )我不知道給媽媽買(mǎi)什么。（ 2.）不定式用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）不定式用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)， 也是在一些特定的動(dòng)詞之后。 常接“賓語(yǔ) +賓補(bǔ)”(即動(dòng)詞 +sb。+ to do sth。結(jié)構(gòu) )動(dòng)詞有： ask(請(qǐng))， force(強(qiáng)迫 )，alow(允許 )， e

5、xpect(期望，盼望 )， Invite( 邀請(qǐng) )， want(要)，ell(告訴 )， advise(建議 )，help(幫助 )， persuade(說(shuō)服 )， permit(準(zhǔn)許 )等。如 Joan asked Mary to speak first 。(Mary 在句中作賓語(yǔ)，to speak補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明 Mary 要做的事 )瓊請(qǐng)瑪麗先說(shuō)(3)不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞，用于表示行為的目的，一般放在動(dòng)詞后面。如We ran over to welcome the new friends from the USA。 ( to welcome 作目的狀語(yǔ) )1我們跑過(guò)去歡迎來(lái)

6、自美國(guó)的新朋友。(4)不定式作主語(yǔ) (可用 it 來(lái)作形式主語(yǔ)，將真正主語(yǔ)置后 )To learn maths is very important。= It is very important to learn maths。學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)很重要。3。省略 to 的不定式to，被動(dòng)使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞，后帶賓語(yǔ)，再接不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)不定式要省略語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要補(bǔ)上 to.?？嫉挠蠱ake sb. do sth使.某人做某事let sb. do sth。讓某人做某事ake sb. do叫某人做某事have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事notice sh。do( doing)sth。注意某人 (正在

7、 )做某多see sb.do( doing)sth?？匆?jiàn)某人 (正在 )做某事hear sb.do( doing)sth。聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某人 (正在 )做某事如 :1 often see him run on the road。 (省略 to)我經(jīng)?？匆?jiàn)他在路上跑步。4。不帶 to 的常用句型Why don' t you do sth。?為什么不做某事 ?Why not do sth。 ?為什么不做某事 ?Would/ Could you please do sth。 ?請(qǐng)你做某事，好嗎 ?Would/ Could you please not do sth。?請(qǐng)你不要做某事，好嗎 ?would

8、 rather do sth。 than do sth。寧愿做某事，也不愿做某事had better(not) do sth。最好 (不)要做某事prefer to do sth。 rather than do sth。寧愿做某事，也不愿做某事考點(diǎn) 2 動(dòng)名詞1。動(dòng)名詞的基本形式和性質(zhì)(1)動(dòng)名詞是由“動(dòng)詞原形加 -ing" ”構(gòu)成 ，形式與動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞相同 。如：No smoking here。這里禁止吸煙。(2)動(dòng)名詞兼有動(dòng)詞和名詞的性質(zhì)。動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)是可以帶賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，組成動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)；名詞的性質(zhì)在句子中可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等 。如She is fond of collecting

9、 stamps。(作賓語(yǔ) )她喜歡集郵。Traveling abroad can be very exciting。 (作主語(yǔ) )出國(guó)旅行會(huì)是很激動(dòng)人心的。2。常見(jiàn)的可接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有insist on(堅(jiān)持 ) think of( 想到 ) dream of(夢(mèng)想 ) object to(反對(duì) ) hear of(聽(tīng)說(shuō) )look forward to( 期望 ) feel like( 想要 ) devote。 to(致力于 )get/ be used to(習(xí)慣于 )be fond of(喜歡 ) be afraid of(害怕 ) be tired of(厭煩 ) succeed(成

10、功 )stop。from(阻止做 ) keep。 from( 阻止 ) prevent。from( 阻止做 depend on(依靠 ) spend。 in( 在花費(fèi) ) be interested in(對(duì)·感興趣 ) be proud of(以為驕傲 /自豪 )2一從各題后的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入句中空白處的最佳答案。()1. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock.A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. rest()2. Do you know the boy

11、 _ under the big tree?A. layB. lainC. layingD. lying()3. You d better _ your bike _ at once. It is Monday tomorrow, you know.A. to have, mendB. have, mendedC. have, to mendD. to have, mended()4. - Look! The lights in the classroom are still on.- Oh, I forgot _.A. turning them offB. turn them offC. t

12、o turn them offD. having turned them off()5. “Can t you read? ” the officer said _ to the notice.A. angrily pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily pointedD. point angrily()6. The computer center, _ last year, is very popular among the students in thisschool.A. openB. openingC. having openedD. opened

13、()7. The policeman warned the young man _ after drinking.A. never to driveB. to never driveC. never drivingD. never drive()8. - What s the language _ in New Zealand?- English.A. speakingB. spokenC. be spokenD. to speak()9. He didn t feel like _ out for a walk, because he had caught a cold.A. to goB.

14、 goesC. goneD. going()10. Paul doesn t have to be made _. He always works hard.A. learnB. to learnC. learnedD. learning()11. The house is not big enough for us all _.A. to live inB. to be lived inC. to liveD. for living in3()12. A clock is made for _ us the time.A. tellB. tellingC. to tellD. tells()

15、13. You d better _ at home all the time. Its bad for your health.A. don t stayB. no to stayC. not stayD. not staying()14. The students are busy _ ready for the exam now.A. gettingB. getC. gotD. to get()15. The mother asked the boy _ down the ladder, but he went on _instead.A. come; climbingB. to com

16、e; to climbC. to come; climbingD. coming; climbing二語(yǔ)法選擇填空。Sometimes you just need a quick trip to the beach. I decided1 Puerto Rico.The island,2is a USA territory( 地域 ), offers Americans all the comforts ofdomestic (國(guó)內(nèi)的 )travel. But Puerto Rico also has Caribbean beaches and Latinculture along3 wate

17、rfalls and good food and drinks.We spent five days4on the beach, exploring old San Juan, hikingthrough the island's rainforest and, of course， enjoying tropical( 熱帶的 ) drinks as wethought of_5 futures.Puerto Rico6two kinds of seasons: wet and dry. Prices tend 7lower inthe rainy months, April to

18、November, but that's because you run the risk of8 stuckinside your hotel room waiting for the rain to subside(減弱 )。Traveling there last fall, Iknew this going in, but was willing 9my chances.We also spent a day 10El Yunque, Puerto rico's famous tropical rainforest.Many visitors rent a car and made the trek(跋涉 )11 their own from San juan-it'sabout 30 minutes away-12 we booked a guided tour through our hotel thatincluded13 hike and swimmingbeneath a waterfall. There 14severaldifferent places where you can swim,but be pre