初中英語動詞不定式

1、動詞不定式用法動詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句中不能獨(dú)立作謂語。但動詞不定式具有名詞、容詞和副詞特征，在句中可以作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語、表語和狀語等多種成分。另外，動詞不定式具有動詞特點(diǎn)，可以有自己的賓語和狀語，組成動詞不定式短語。動詞不定式的肯定形式是todo；其否定形式是not to do。下面以動詞不定式在句中的作用來予以詳細(xì)說明。1作主語可以直接作主語。如：To see is to believe但在英語中，常用it 作形式主語，真正的主語即動詞不定式放在后面。如：形It's wrong to play tricks on other people It's

2、our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy 點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律： 動詞不定式在句中作主語時， 常放在 It is adj（形容詞） to do sth或 It is n（名詞） to do sth句型中， it 僅作形式主語。2作賓語a want， decide ， agree 等動詞后面跟并且只能跟不定式。如：We agreed to start earlyShe wants to be a doctorb love，like， begin， start， hate ， prefer 等詞后面可以接不定式。點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：上述動詞后面除接不定式外，還可以接

3、動名詞，意思無很大區(qū)別。提示板： like doing 指經(jīng)常性動作，而like to do 指一次性的動作。如：I like swimming ， but I don't like to swim now 我喜歡游泳，但我現(xiàn)在不想游。c stop， forget ， remember， go on ， try 等詞或短語后面可以接不定式。點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：上述動詞后面接不定式和接動名詞意思大不相同。提示板：1） stop to do sth：停止一件事，去做另一件事。stop doing sth：停止正在做的事。例句： When the teacher came in，the student

4、s stopped talking ；when he came out，the studentsstopped to talk 當(dāng)老師走進(jìn)來時，學(xué)生們停止說話；當(dāng)老師走出去時，學(xué)生們又開始說話。2）思考： forget ， remember， go on， try 等詞或短語后面接不定式和動名詞用法有何區(qū)別？d在 find feel it adj to do sth句型中， it 是形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的動詞不定式。如：The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleepI feel it easy to recite the tex

5、t 點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律： 某些動詞或短語后面既可以接動詞不定式作賓語，又可接動名詞作賓語，二者用法上的區(qū)別可以通過造句子加以區(qū)分，如上面stop 例句。3作賓語補(bǔ)足語a tell ， ask， want， order， teach， invite ， warn， wish， help， get， wish ，help 等詞后面常接不定式作賓補(bǔ)。如：I tell him not to go there by busEdison's mother taught him to read and write b let， make， have， see，hear， feel ， watch， notic

6、e 后面接不帶to 的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。如：The boss makes them work 16 hours a day I heard her sing in the next room 提示板：若變成被動語態(tài)，在上述結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式符號to 要加上。如：They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss She was heard to sing in the next room 4作定語 ：放在被修飾的名詞、代詞后面例句： I have a lot of work to do The doctor said he could do nothing

7、 to help the boy 點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：動詞不定式若在句中作定語，常放在被修飾的名詞、代詞之后。提示板：如果動詞不定式和前面所修飾的詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，若動詞是不及物動詞，切記不要忘掉介詞。如：I have a small bedroom to live in Have you got some pens to write with ？5表語 ：放在連系動詞be 后面例句： His wish is to become a scientist The first important thing is to save the soldiers' lives 當(dāng)務(wù)之急是搶救戰(zhàn)士們的生命。點(diǎn)擊

8、規(guī)律： 動詞不定式在句中作表語時，通常對連系動詞前面的名詞進(jìn)行詮釋說明。6作狀語a目的狀語：放在go， come， use， live ， in order 等詞后面。如：I come to see youHe runs fast in order to get there in time b原因狀語：放在sorry ，glad ，surprised， disappointed， excited 等詞后面。如：I am glad to see you hereI am sorry to trouble you c作結(jié)果狀語。如：Some of the apples are hard to re

9、achThe room is large enough to hold 1000 people 7與 what， who，whose，when，where， how 等疑問詞連用，作賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、主語等。如：I don't know what to do next （賓語）He taught us how to use the computer （賓語補(bǔ)足語）It's still a question how to get there （主語）1.Don't forget _ the letter.A. to sendB. sendC. sendingD. bein

10、g sent2.The chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A. sitB. sit onC. be satD. be sat on3.Is _ necessary to return the book tomorrow?A. thisB. thatC. itD. which4.I'm afraid they would not allow him _ here.A. to smokeB. smokingC. smokesD. smoke5.Mother told me _ the water be

11、fore I drank it.A. boilingB. boiledC. boilD. to boil6.On my way home, I stopped _ some food.A. buyB. to buyC. buyingD. bought7.John was made _ the car for a week as a punishment.A. to washB. washingC. washD. to be washing8.The sitting-room needs _, but it'll have to wait until Saturday.A. be cle

12、aningB. to be cleanedC. cleanD. being cleaned9.The first thing I want to do is _.A. visit to himB. to visit himC. visiting himD. visited him10. Li Yang advised me _ too much, otherwise I would have been drunk.A. not to drinkB. to drinkC. not drinkingD. drinking一 .用動詞不定式或ing 分詞填空1.I enjoy_.(sing)2. W

13、hat do you want_(do) next ?3.I learnt _(swim) when I was three years old.4. I was very upset and started_ (cry).5.I hope _(see) you again soon. 6. It is a fine day today, so I suggest_(go) for a walk.7. Have you finished _ (mop) the floor.8. He was very angry and refuse _(say)anything.9. Where is Li

14、ly ? I need _(talk) with her.10. I am too fat, so I have decided _(do) more exercise.二 . 選出正確答案()1. I usually go _ with my mother at weekends.A. shopB. to shopC. shopping()2. He is not old enough _ to school.A. to goB. goC. going()3. The man admitted _the bank.A. robB. to robC. robbing()4. People mu

15、st stop _down trees.A. to cutB. cuttingC. cut()5. I d rather_ a cup of coffee.A. to haveB. havingD. have()6. Mike managed to give up _.A. to smokeB. smokingC. smoke()7. I am sorry to have kept you _ for such a long time.A. to waitB. waitingC. wait()8. She has a nice voice. I often hear her_ in the m

16、orning.A. singingB. to singC. sing()9. I don t like traveling by boat, it always makes me _sick.A. to feelB. feelingC. feel()10. Let me_ you around the city.A. showB. to showC. showing()11. I put the flowers on the porch_ from the rain.A. protectingB. to protectC. protectedD. to be protected()12. Ka

17、thy decided _ hard and make herself_ behind the others.A. to work; not fallB. working; not to fallC. to work; fallD. working; to fall()13. She forgot_ the TV when she left home.A. to turn offB. turned offC. turning offD. turn off()14. My parents want me _ good marks.A. getB. to getC. gettingD. got()

18、15. The doctor asked Mary _the medicine three times a day.A. not to remember takingB. not to forget takingC. not to remember to takeD. not to forget to take()16. His job is_ the students meetings.A. organizeB. to organizeC. organizingD. organized()17. What about_ a letter to your friend on the Inter

19、net ?A. try sendingB. try to sendC. trying sendingD. trying to send()18.Let him_ it by himself.A. to doB. doingC. didD. do()19. The customers watched the unusual bird_ in the inn.A. danceB. to danceC. dancedD. dancing()20. At the police station, the boy admitted _ the necklace at last.A. to stealB.

20、stealingC. stoleD. steal()21. It is impossible _.A. for me to go to bed earlyB. to me to go to bed earlyC. for me go to bed earlyD. to me go to bed early()22. I remember_ my wallet here. But I can t_ now.A. putting; findB. to put; findingC. to put; be foundD. putting; be found)23. Could you tell me

21、_ work out the problem ?A. howB. how can IC. how toD. how will I)24. I saw a little boy_ a kite yesterday afternoon.A. flewB. flyC. to flyD. flying)25. His jokes made us all _.A. to laughB. laughingC. laughD. laughing)26. It s very kind of you_ me with my English.A. helpB. helpingC. to helpD. helps)

22、27. He promised_ me a nice car.A. buyB. to buyC. boughtD. to have bought)28. Mother told me _ walk along the river.A. do notB. not toC. to notD. not)29. Her ambition is _ an engineer.A. becomeB. to becomeC. beD. /)30. You d better _a rest now.A. to haveB. haveC. havingD. had)31. Thank you for _me th

23、e secret.A. tellingB. tellC. to tellD. told)32. I used to_ in the countryside, now I am used to_ in the cityA. living; liveB. living; livingC. live; livingD. live; live)33. The detective is busy_ clues and he has _ some valuable proof.A. looking for; findB. finding; looked forC. looking for; foundD.

24、 find; looked for)34. This film is worth _.A. to seeB. seeingC. seenD. saw)35. I was allowed to play football after_ my homework.A. doB. didC. doingD. done)36. China is becoming _.A. strong and strongB stronger and strongC. stronger and strongerD. strong and stronger)37. The population of China is l

25、arger than _ of America.A. thoseB. thatC. itD. this)38. Our city is getting _ .A. more beautiful and more beautifulB. more and more beautifulC. beautifuler and beautifulerD. beautiful and beautiful)39. Taxis in Shenyang are cheaper than _ in Beijing.A. thatB. itC. thisD. those)40. I prefer_ basketba

26、ll to _ football.A. playing; playingB. playing; playC. play; playingD. play; play（二）句子的種類可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。1. 凡是說明一件事情，提出一個看法，或者表達(dá)一種心情的句子都是陳述句。大多數(shù)的句子都是陳述句，它可以用肯定式和否定式，句末用句號“.，”通常用降調(diào)。掌握陳述句的肯定式和否定式的構(gòu)成及用法。e.g. We live in Tianjin.（肯定句）我們住在天津。We don't live in Shanghai.（否定句）我們不住在上海。注意：（ 1）在一般現(xiàn)在時的肯定式中

27、，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，動詞要改成第三人稱單數(shù)形式。e.g. John studies Chinese very well.（ 2）一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的否定式要加助動詞e.g. I don't like swimming.我不喜歡游泳。do（ does） , did.He doesn't have lunch at home every day. 他每天不在家吃午飯。They didn't play football yesterday.他們昨天沒有踢足球。2. 掌握一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句和反意疑問句的構(gòu)成、用法和答語。注意在一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的疑問句要加助動詞do（ does） , did.e.g. Do you often speak English at school ? 在學(xué)校你常講 英語嗎？ Does she have a brother ? = Has she go