初二英語閱讀理解與完形填空練習

1、初二英語閱讀理解與完形填空教案閱讀理題型介紹：1.選擇答案型閱讀理解 2.判斷誤型閱讀理解 3.完成句子型閱讀理解 4.回答問題型閱讀理解閱讀理解解題指導：1. 客觀信息題 所謂“客觀信息” ，是指在短文中客觀存在的事實，客觀信息的答案一般都可以在原 文中找到。 在有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)推算的試題中， 根據(jù)短文所提供的數(shù)據(jù)進行必要的運算時所涉及的數(shù)學知識一般都比較簡單，關(guān)鍵在于理解原文。2. 主觀判斷題 一般來說，這類問題都不可能直接從原文中找到答案，必須根據(jù)原文提供的有關(guān)信息，進行合理的推理和判斷才能回答。完成主觀判斷題能常應注意以下四點：（ 1 運用常識 ,合理判斷2 根據(jù)情景，進行猜測(3 ）利用情景

2、，舉一反三（4）縱觀全文，概括大意3. 細節(jié)辨認題 文章的中心思想或主題是通過一系列的事實、細節(jié)來說明和支持的，要透徹地理解段落、文章的中心思想， 就必須理解文章中的重要事實和細節(jié)。只有真正理解了全部細節(jié)， 才能深刻地領(lǐng)悟大意，理解短文細節(jié)分下面三個步驟： （ 1）首先找出文章或段落的中心思想。文章的中心思想主要體現(xiàn)在首句和尾句中， 有時在文中的某一句話當中。 （ 2）尋找重要的事實與細節(jié)，不是所有的事實和細節(jié)都重要，那些與中心思想有關(guān) 的事實和細節(jié)才重要。 （ 3）檢查已確定的事實與細節(jié)，看它們是否支持中心思想。 如果這些事實與細節(jié)不 能支持中心思想， 就說明原來所確定的中心思想不明確或者這

3、些事實和細節(jié)沒有找準 .屬于細節(jié)類的閱讀理解題一般只針對某個特定的細節(jié)，題型可以多種多樣，沒有固定 模式。常見的設(shè)題方式有：（ 1）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?（ 2）All the follow ing statements are not true except.（ 3）Which of the following facts is not mentioned in the supporing details?4. 詞匯障礙題 在中考閱讀題中，考生遇到的最大障礙往往有兩個：一是被已認識的單詞的某一熟知 含義

4、所誤導；二是被完全不認識的單詞的意思所阻礙，從而出現(xiàn)理解偏差或理解困難，影響閱讀的速度。其實解決這兩個困難的一個重要法寶是考生在心目中樹立起上下文觀念，用上下文去確定詞匯的含義。在閱讀解題時要注意從以下七個方面著手：（ 1）根據(jù)定義或解釋、說明猜測生詞的詞義在 be， be called ， call 等判斷詞出現(xiàn)的判斷句中，可以根據(jù)已知部分，猜測生詞的含義。例如 A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.通過理解定語從句的意思，能猜出carpenter 是“木匠”（

5、2）根據(jù)對比關(guān)系猜測生詞的詞義在 but， however ， yet， otherwise ， though 這些表示意義轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞出現(xiàn)的句子中，其前后的詞有明顯的對比關(guān)系，根據(jù)已知的內(nèi)容，通過這種對比關(guān)系，就很容易猜出生詞的詞義了。例如：Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.和 clean 意思相對的便是“骯臟的”了，因此可猜出句中g(shù)rubby的意思是“骯臟的”（ 3）通過因果關(guān)系猜測詞義because,since 與 as 是連接原因狀語從句的從屬連詞，so 是連接表示結(jié)果的

6、狀語從句的連詞， so.that 與 such.that 中的 that 是連接結(jié)果狀語從句的。當這些信息詞出現(xiàn)在有生詞的句子中，通過因果關(guān)系，依據(jù)已知部分就能猜出生詞的詞義。例如：She wanted the bairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.根據(jù) because 從句所講的意思，我們就可推測trim 就是“修剪”之意（ 4 ）根據(jù)生活常識猜測詞義運用邏輯推理能力，自身的生活經(jīng)驗及生活常識。再聯(lián)系上下文能讀懂的部分，可以正確猜出詞義。例如：Most of the roses are beginning to

7、wither because of the cold.根據(jù)句子意思及生活經(jīng)驗，wither表示“枯萎”（ 5）根據(jù)同等關(guān)系猜測詞義同等關(guān)系，指的是一個詞，一組詞或短語在句中作同一成分，而且它們的詞義都屬于同一范疇。明顯的標志是，這樣的詞組或短語中間常常用并列連詞and 或 or 來連接。例如：Atforty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy.從“年齡 42 歲”以及與prime“盛年時期” 。（ 6）根據(jù)列舉的事例猜測詞義具有同等關(guān)系的full of energy可以猜出prime的意思是You can take any of

8、the periodicals:“ The World of English”Teaching.“Foreign Languagein Schools” , or“ English Learning” .從后面列舉的例子中，可以猜出periodical是“期刊，雜志”的意思。（ 7）根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法知識猜測詞義根據(jù)學過的構(gòu)詞法知識，知道詞根和前綴或后綴的意義，就可猜出由它們組成的新詞詞義。例如：The colors of Hawaii in Summer are unforgettable.利用構(gòu)詞法常識和我們已熟悉的詞 forget ，我們可以知道 unforgettable 就是“令人難忘的”意

9、思。閱讀理解解題技巧分析一 .事實詢問題此類題型的問題以what、who 、 which 、 when、where、 how某句、某段或某一具體細節(jié)設(shè)問并要求考生回答：如：或why等詞引導，就文中The Internet can show you a lot of jobs all over the world. If you want to find a job on theInternet, use the words“ job search“employment”or ” to find the websites you need.（） What does the passage tel

10、l you to do first if you want to find a job on the Internet?A. To type in“ job search” to find the websites.B. To write a good resume.C. To prepare for an interviewD. To get an English dictionary這是一道典型的事實詢問題，因為它的答案可以直接從文段中找到。根據(jù)第二句話，可以得知 A 為正確答案。解這類題的主要方法是：1.明確題意。 2.尋找答案來源。3. 找準關(guān)鍵詞。 4.反復閱讀。二 .推理判斷題既要

11、求學生透過文章表面文字信息推測文章隱含意思，又要求學生對作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點。這類試題常以如下句式發(fā)問：What can you conclude（下結(jié)論） from this passage?What s the author s attitude （態(tài)度） towards.?We can infer from the passage that.Which statement is ( not ) true?做這類題要求考生在閱讀同時，抓住文章的主題和細節(jié)，分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，挖掘文章的深層含義。其次

12、，對于暗含在文章中的人物的行為動機、事件中的因果關(guān)系及作者未言明的傾向、意圖、態(tài)度、觀點等要進行合乎邏輯的判斷、推理、分析，進一步加強理解，抓住實質(zhì)性的東西。如：Once there was something wrong with a machine in a factory. The workers could do nothing but turn to a German engineer for help, who drew a line on it and said, “ Take off thepart where the line is and change itfor a ne

13、w one.” Themachine, wit ha new line on, began running well again. The engineer then asked for$ 30,000 for what he had done. The following were whathe wrote on a bill,new“Thepart only costs onedollar, and knowing where the problem with the machine is costs $ 29,999.”（） What can you conclude from this

14、 passage?A. the engineer asked for too much moneyB. the workers should pay the moneyC. the knowledge is worth moneyD. the new part could cost more三 . 數(shù)據(jù)推算題 此題要求學生就文章提供的數(shù)據(jù)，以及數(shù)據(jù)與文中其他信息的關(guān)系做簡單計算和推斷。Visit Swansea ZooCome and see the Indian elephants and the new tigers from America. The bears are waiting

15、to meet you,and the monkeys from China are waiting to throw things at you. The lovely dogs fromAustraliaarewaitingtolaughatyou,and thegiraffesfromZambiaare waitingto look down on you.TicketsOpening timeGrown-ups: $ 39:00 am 4:00 pmChildren: Over 12:$2except FridayUnder 12: Free10:00 am 3:00 pm（） 1.

16、How much does Mr Smith have to pay if he visits the zoo with his sons of fourteen and ten?A. $2.00b. $5.00C. $4.00D. $3.00（） 2. Which of the following is the visiting time?A. 8:30 am, WedB. 9:30 am, FriC. 3:00 pm, SunD. 4:00 pm, Tue做此類題一要抓住有關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)，二要從眾多的信息中找出那些有用的信息，三要抓住一些關(guān)鍵詞。實際上，上述兩題都可看作數(shù)據(jù)推算題，一題是算錢，另

17、一題是算時間。通過閱讀我們發(fā)現(xiàn)布告中的所有數(shù)據(jù)都是有用的，那么關(guān)鍵詞是：over 12, under 12, opening time, except Friday。第一題中Mr Smithgrown-ups, children,是成人，須買3 塊錢的門票，他一個14 歲的兒子需買2 塊錢的門票，另一個不滿先生需花5 塊錢， B 是正確答案。第二題C 是正確答案。12 歲的兒子可免票，所以Mr Smith四 .主旨大意題此類題型用以考查學生對文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)會和理解。如：What does the passage mainly talk about?What is the main id

18、ea of this passage?What does the writer want to tell us?What is the best title of this passage?每一篇文章都有它的主題句，而每一個段落也各有主題句，它一般都用來表示一篇文章或一個段落的主旨大意。因此，找出文章和各段落的主題句（往往為第一句或最后一句）是解題的關(guān)鍵。抓住了主題句，文章的最佳標題也就不難確定了。如：推理判斷題哪一節(jié)中的例文我們給它起個什么標題好呢？我們在它后面再加上一段話：One dollar for changing a new part sounds reasonable （合理的）

19、, but the $ 29,999 is exactly the value of wisdom and knowledge.（）The best title for the passage should be _ .A. The Value of KnowledgeB. Helpless WorkersC. The Expensive MachineD. The Lucky Factory文中的最后一句是整篇文章的主題句，也就是文章的標題，即：“知識的價值” ，A 為正確答案。The Value of Knowledge五 .經(jīng)驗常識題此類題主要是考查中學生應有的多項綜合知識，包括：社會、

20、天文、史地、科普及生活常識等。此類題往往與文章沒有直接關(guān)系，學生只能憑自己的常識進行判斷，然后做出符合規(guī)律的正確選擇。如：（） We can guess when a giraffe sees a tiger _ .A. it will run away as fast as possibleB. it will run to eat the tigerC. it will make the tiger bring it something to eatD. it will make one of the smallest animals bring the tiger something t

21、o eat這就是一道考查常識的題，長頸鹿看到老虎當然是盡快跑開，故六 .任務型閱讀A 是正確答案。任務型閱讀是近幾年隨著任務型教學出現(xiàn)的新題型，它往往集中了上面所述的幾種題，以看圖或閱讀文章填表，填空等形式出現(xiàn)。要求考生通過閱讀完成所給任務?？疾閷W生對圖表或文章的理解程度以及表達自己觀點的能力。請看下例：根據(jù)題目要求完成任務。（ 2004，北京海淀） 假如你正在為一些中國學生做導游，參觀，游覽英國倫敦的一個公園。請你根據(jù)下面 公園的示意圖，為他們說明 a、b、 c 、 d 四項公園規(guī)則。 （請寫關(guān)鍵信息，句式不限。 ）例： No recorders, please.62. Sign a: _S

22、ign b: _63. Sign c :_Sign d: _這道題讓考生辨認圖標，是一道常識和識圖解意相結(jié)合的題，同時也是讀寫結(jié)合題。所寫文字判斷他對圖的認識程度和根據(jù)語言功能造句的能力。本題答案如下通過考生a: Don t play football here! b: No bikes here!c: Don t throw bottles into the lake d: No swimming!近年來，閱讀理解在中考英語試題中的比分越來越大，不少省份的閱讀理解占到了總分的 30，閱讀量一般都升至四篇，難度在不斷加深，題型也在不斷翻新。中考閱讀理解短文的題材廣泛，包括：政治、經(jīng)濟、文學、史

23、地、社會生活、科普知識、人物傳記等。裁以敘述文、議論文、說明文、應用文為主。敘述文描述人或事及相關(guān)情景的發(fā)生和發(fā)展經(jīng)過。說明文是對事物現(xiàn)象的說明或解釋。議論文論證某一觀點是否正確，由論點、論據(jù)與論證構(gòu)成。應用文以廣告為主。中考閱讀理解題主要考查考生對單詞、詞組、語法、句型、慣用法的綜合運用及其英語思維的能力。其文段長度一般為200 300單詞，生詞率不超過3，要求考生閱讀速度為每分鐘50 70 個詞。完形填空（一）題型介紹1. 選擇型完形填空 2. 短文缺詞填空（二）解題指導1. 選擇型完形填空解題方法完整填空：一般在文中的第一句和最后一句不會挖空。主要涉及到動詞、名詞（含代詞）、形容詞、副詞

24、、介詞、連詞也常出現(xiàn)。做完形填空題要注意整體性原則，強調(diào)對文章整體的理解。就內(nèi)容而言，它又有前因后果、地點、時間、人物等要素。所以，第一步應通讀全文，了解大意。其次注意詞與詞、句與句、主句與分句之間的連貫性與銜接性。因此，在做題時必須始終注意上下文之間，詞與詞之間從意義到語法上的合理搭配。誠然，弄懂第一句和最后一句也事關(guān)全局。與此同時，還不可忽略文中的過渡詞。在解題時可按以下步驟和方法進行。（ 1）通讀全文，了解大意。通讀全文時，跳過空格快速閱讀，弄清文章的基本含義。先快速閱讀全文，可使我們對文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)和中心思想有個基本的了解。有利于進一步把握全文所講內(nèi)容，篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，時態(tài)語態(tài)的變化，為后面

25、的答題創(chuàng)造條件，但通讀宜粗、直、快。切忌看一句做一句，看一空填一空，斷章取意，那會進入誤區(qū)，即使所填答案符合本句要求，也未必符合全文的要求。通讀的目的僅在于掌握大意，切不可把寶貴的時間浪費在個別字句的推敲上。（ 2）重視首句的開篇啟示作用完形填空所采用的短文一般不給標題，但短文的首句通常用以點明短文的性質(zhì)，如敘事、議論等，這是我們探索短文全貌的“窗口” ，可以以首句的時態(tài)、語態(tài)為立足點進行思考，判斷文章的體裁，推測全文的大意及主題，所以應該重視首句的啟示作用。（ 3）抓住關(guān)鍵詞，根據(jù)上下文解題解題時，要遵循忠于全文大意和主題這一原則，聯(lián)系上下文展開邏輯推理分析，要迅速找出那些在短文中起重要作用

26、的關(guān)鍵詞，了解所提問題的特定語境，語篇中的內(nèi)在關(guān)系。在解題過程中，應遵循“先易后難”的原則，遇到個別難題不易判斷時，可先跳過去，去解決那些靠上下文能確定的，比較直接明確的問題，隨著下文的展開和文章的深入，或許在前面難以判斷的題，下文就有暗示，甚至有明確的表示。因此，在選擇答案時，應特別注意聯(lián)系前后句，充分利用上下文為確定答案提供有用信息。（ 4 ）重讀全文，驗證答案在全部空格補全以后，一定要根據(jù)填好的答案重讀全文，看文章是否流暢，前后是否矛盾，語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否無誤。如果發(fā)現(xiàn)哪些地方讀起來不流暢，那就說明那里有毛病，就要進行仔細推敲，驗證。2. 短文缺詞填空解題步驟（ 1）從全局把握文章大意要填的單

27、詞肯定是在一定的語言環(huán)境中才能確定，只有把握全局才能有主導方向，才能有助于正確理解空缺詞所在的句子，從而縮小詞意的選擇范圍。（ 2）從語法上加以把握一般的空缺詞都可以通過其所在的句型結(jié)構(gòu)和句法成分來判斷其詞性，這樣可以縮小詞的選擇范圍。（ 3）從行文上確定詞的形式當確定一個單詞的詞性后可通過其上下文來幫助判斷其形式，如動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式，過去式、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、名詞的單復數(shù)、代詞的各種所有格及單復數(shù)，形容詞的比較級與最高級等。（ 4 ）通讀全文，驗證答案。填完所有單詞后，不可孤立地逐個詞檢查，而必須將所有填入的詞代入文章中，復讀全文，仔細檢查所填詞是否符合文章的情景內(nèi)容，讀起來是否流暢

28、，合乎句法，單詞拼寫是否有誤，單詞形式是否正確等，發(fā)現(xiàn)問題及時更正。通過再讀全文，很可能利用語感將個別特別難的空處順口“讀”出來。【模擬試題】（答題時間：120 分鐘）閱讀理解練習（一）Hi, Louis!I m writing to tell you something about the customs and festivals.Everyonelovesholidayssinceonedoesn tneedtogotoschoolorwork.Althoughallholidays mean no school and work, but not all of them are the

29、 same. On some of them you gooutwithfriends;onothersyoustayhometoeat,talk,andhavefunwithyourfamily.For example in the U.S., everyone thinks New Year s Eve and New Year are both for partyingwithfriends.Christmasisthetimetostayhomeandexchangegiftswithfamilymembers.The opposite is true in Japan though.

30、 For example, in Japan, New Year is for spendingtime with the family to eat, talk, have fun, and go to the temples. But Christmas is for boy and girl friends to goout and exchange gifts. Originally Christmas should be to celebrate the birth of Christ.Ihavebeeninterestedinforeigncustomssince I waslit

31、tle.Ifyoulearnthesedifferentholidaycustoms,youwilllearnaboutdifferenthistoriesandcultures.Thisismuchmore interesting than learning them at the library from morning to evening.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷正誤。正確的用“T ”表示，錯誤的用“F ”表示。1. Usually, nobody goes to school or works during holidays.2. Christmas is the time to stay

32、 home to eat, talk and have fun with the family.3. All the countries have the same way to celebrate the holidays.4. Being interested in foreign customs means being interested in different histories and cultures.5. This passage is about the customs and holidays in Japan.（二）Can dolphins talk? Maybe th

33、ey can t talk with words, but they talk with sounds. They show their feelingswith sounds. Dolphins travel in a group. We call a group of fish“ school ” . They don t study, buttraveltheytogether. Dolphins talk to the other dolphinsinthe school. They give information. Theytell when they arehappy or sa

34、d or afraid. They say “ welcome ” when a dolphin comes back to the school. They talk when they play.They make a few sounds above water. They make many more sounds under water. People cannot hear thesesounds because they are very, very high. Scientistsmake tapes of the sounds and study them. Sometime

35、speople catch a dolphin for a large aquarium（水族館） . People can watch the dolphins in a show. Dolphins donlike to be away from their school in an aquarium. They aresad and lonely（孤獨的） . There are many storiesabout dolphins. They help people. Sometimes they save somebodylife. Dolphin meats is good, bu

36、t peopledon t like to kill them. They say that dolphins bring goodluck. Many people believe this.1. Dolphins show their feelings with _ .A. picturesB. wordsC. waterD. sounds2. People can t hear the dolphin s sounds because _ .A. they are above the waterB. they are under the waterC. they are very hig

37、hD. they are very low3. Which one is true according to the passage? tA. Dolphins swim together in a school because they want to studyB. They don t study, but they travel in a groupC. Dolphins like to be away from their school on an island.D. Dolphins like to kill people（三）Driver Wanted Clean driving

38、 licence. Must be of smart appearance. Aged over 25.Apply to: Capes Taxi, 17Palace Road, RostonAir Hostess for International Flights Wanted Applicants must be between 20 and 33 years old. Height: 1.6 m to 1.75m. Education to GGSE standard Two languages, must be able to swim. Apply to: Recruitment Of

39、fice, SouthernAirlines, Heathrow Airport West, HR 37KK.1. You are 26 years old and want to be a teacher. You should apply to _ .A. Capes Taxi, 17 Palace Road, RostonB. Recruitment Office, Southern Airlines, Heathrow Airport West, HR 37KKC. the Director of Studies, Instant Languages Ltd., 279 Canal S

40、treet. Roston.D. a private language school.2. What stops Jack, an experienced taxi driver, working for Capes Taxis.A. Fond of beer and wine.B. Punished （處罰） for driving too fast and wrong parking.C. Unable to speak a foreign language.D. Not having college education.3. Ben, aged 22, fond of swimming

41、and driving, has just finished college. Which job might be given to him?A. Driving for Capes TaxiB. Working for Southern AirlinesC. Teaching at Instant Languages Ltd.D. Working for Northern Airlines.4. What prevents （阻止） Mary, aged 25, from becoming an air hostess A. She once broke a traffic law and

42、 was finedB. She can t speak Japanese very well.C. She has never worked as an air hostess beforeD. She doesn t feel like working long hours flying abroad.5. Which of the following is NOT talked about in the three advertisements? A. Whether he or she is married B. Whether they are men or women C. The

43、ir education D. The ages（四）All my friends at school smoked. My dad smoked; he didn t want me to smoke but myfriends kept saying Iwas stupid. They asked when I was going to grow up. So I started when I was sixteen and after a month Icouldn t stop. But two years later I could feel what smoking was doi

44、ng to me. I couldn t run far, andevery morning. I got very ill and decided to stop.It wasn t easy, but now I ve done it, and I feel better. Now Ihave money for other things.If you smoke, you are twice as likelyto die from a heart attack. And the more you smoke, the earlier theheart attack is likely

45、to be. For example, a 50-year-old who smokes more than 20 cigarettes a day, is four timesmore likely to have heart disease than a non-smoker of the same age.What does smoking do to the heart? First of all, it makes the heart beat faster and increases thebloodpressure. The cigarette smoke also reduce

46、s the amount of oxygen in the blood.Consequently, the heart has to work harder, with less oxygen. Finally, yourarteries will narrow faster ifyou smoke.So if you want to reduce your chances of getting heart disease, the answer is easy not to smoke.Don t copy your friends and other people who smoke. I

47、f you smoke, find out how to stop.Stopping isn t easy,but you ll be healthier, and .1. Who is more likely to have heart disease?A. A smokerB. A non-smokerC. A 50-year-old person2. What does the writer think of smoking?A. It is good for his healthB. Smoking is bad for himC. Is it neither good nor bad

48、 for his heath3. What happens after the writer stopped smoking?A. He becomes richB. He has more friendsC. He becomes healthier and has money to do other things.（五）New York is one of the most exciting cities in the world. You might want to do some shopping in NewYork. Fifth Avenue is probably New Yor

49、k smostfamous shopping street, but if you go,bepreparedto “ windowshop” only.Thisis shopping forthe rich.Thereare other,lessexpensiveshoppingareasnearby,andyou ll sooncome across famous stores such asBloo mingdales, Macy s and FAO SchwartzAnd.ifyou ve broughtyourrollerblades,then avisit toCentral Pa

50、rk isamust. Thisisalarge, open park right in the middle of Manhattan, butif you thought that people came here to relax, sit down for a few minutes and get away from the rush of NewYork life, then youwrongdbe. Nobody sits in Central Park: they run, jog （慢跑） , and most of all theyrollerbl.When you lea

51、ve New York, you mightbetired,evenpoorandoverweight,butthe onething you won t be is bored!根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，回答問題。1. Why would you probably only“ window shop” in Fifth Avenue?_2. What do some waiters and waitresses in New York wear on their feet?_3. What don t people do in Central Park?_（六）In the USA, there are many types of restaurants. Fast food restaurants are very famous. You canfindMcDonald s andKentuckyFriedChickeninmanycountriesaroundthe world.Youlook ata menu above the counter, and say what you d