中考語法復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)

1、 中考重點(diǎn)語法歸納1、 各種從句的簡(jiǎn)析：1. 賓語從句：（考點(diǎn)是賓語從句的語序和時(shí)態(tài)）l 連接詞： that(可省略)， whether+or not/if (是否)，who(作主語)，whom(做賓語)，whose, what, which. l 時(shí)態(tài)：當(dāng)主句是現(xiàn)在的某種時(shí)態(tài)（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)），從句可用任何時(shí)態(tài)，例如：I don't know (主句)what he is going to do tomorrow. I don't know what he did last night. I don't know what he is doing

2、now.當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句要用過去的時(shí)態(tài)（一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（表客觀真理時(shí)用）例如：I didn't know what he had done the night before. I didn't know what he was doing at that time.I didn't know that the earth goes around the sun before. (客觀真理)l 從句用陳述句語序：連接詞+主語+謂語+其他 (熟讀這些句子即可做題)I want to know whose pen it is. I do

3、n't know where he lives. Could you please tell me where he comes from?2. 時(shí)間狀語從句：連詞 when, while,as, before(在.之前)，after(在.之后)，till+until(直到)， since(自從)，as soon as(一.就.)l 重點(diǎn)考察根據(jù)主句和從句選擇動(dòng)作發(fā)生的順序，很少考when, while（后只跟長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作即延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）, as 的區(qū)別例如：I brush my teeth after I get up. I turn off the light before I go ou

4、t. l not.until 直到.才 (學(xué)會(huì)造句，敏銳察覺到句子考點(diǎn) 很容易忽視not 的存在)I didn't go to bed until I finished doing my homework. 直到做完作業(yè)我才睡覺。Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 直到車停了再下車。3. 原因狀語從句：三個(gè)主要連詞（because（回答Why的問題）, since, as意思都是由于，語氣由強(qiáng)至弱）I didn't go because I am afraid. 我沒有去因?yàn)槲液ε?。Since/As the weath

5、er is so bad, we have to stay at home. 由于天氣如此糟糕，我們不得不呆在家里。4. 條件狀語從句：兩個(gè)連詞: if (如果），unless(除非)l 主將從現(xiàn)：If it is sunny(從句), we will go to the park tomorrow（主句）. 注意與賓語從句的if (是否) 區(qū)別開來：?？?例如I don't know if(是否) he will come tomorrow. （從句后的時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間狀語定）If （如果）he comes, I will go to the park with him. （主將從

6、現(xiàn)）l 根據(jù)句子意思判斷用哪個(gè)連詞，因?yàn)榫渥颖磉_(dá)不一樣可以互換。例如：You will fail the exam unless you work hard.= You will fail the exam if you don't work hard. 5. 結(jié)果狀語從句：so.that, such.that (都是如此.以至于的意思)l 連個(gè)連詞的區(qū)別：若中間的成分只有adj/adv 則用 so+adj/adv+that He is so handsome that we all like him. 他是如此帥以至于我們都喜歡他。 若中間的成分除了adj外，還有n. 等的存在，則用

7、such+(a/an)+adj+n(s)+thatHe is such a handsome boy that we all like him. 他是如此帥的一個(gè)男孩以至于我們都喜歡他。6. 讓步狀語從句：連詞 though, although 都是“盡管”的意思，不能與but同時(shí)連用。I am happy though/ although I am very tired. 盡管我很累，但是我很開心。Although I am poor, I am happy. 盡管我很窮，但是我很開心。7. 目的狀語從句: so that (以便)兩個(gè)詞中間不存在任何詞 ， in order that (為

8、了) 例如： I get up early so that I can catch the early bus. 我早起以便趕上早班車。（目的）I get up so early that I catch the early bus. 我起的如此早以至于我趕上早班車。（結(jié)果）8. 定語從句：主要看先行詞即所修飾的詞是人還是物， that(指物也可指人)，which(指物)， who(指人，主語)，whom(指人，賓語)I don't know the girl(先行詞) that is wearing a red coat.=I don't know the girl who

9、is wearing a red coat. 我不認(rèn)識(shí)穿著紅色外套的女孩。People will do something（先行詞） that makes you sad.=People will do something which makes you sad. 人們會(huì)做一些令你傷心的事情。The girl whom （作賓語）you talked with yesterday is my sister. 昨天和你談話的女孩是我的妹妹。The girl who（作主語） is eating an apple is my sister. 吃著蘋果的那個(gè)女孩是我的妹妹。2、 ?？计渌倪B詞和句式

10、：1. There be 句型的主語遵循就近原則。 There is a book, some pens and three apples on the desk.2. not only . but also 不僅.而且， either.or 不是.就是，neither.nor 既不.也不 連接主語時(shí)，謂語也遵循就近原則。Not only he but also I am right. 不僅他對(duì)，我也是對(duì)的。Either he or I am right. 不是他對(duì)就是我對(duì)。Neither he nor I am right. 他不對(duì)我也不對(duì)。3. 名詞后有as well as, with,

11、along with(都是“和”的意思)時(shí)，用最遠(yuǎn)原則（即與最前面的主語一致）。The teacher as well as his students comes into the classroom. 老師和他的學(xué)生們走進(jìn)課室。4. 所有的不定代詞做主語時(shí)，謂語一律用單數(shù)。（something, somebody, anything, anybody, none(沒有任何一個(gè)), each（每一個(gè)）等等Something is wrong with my bike. 我的自行車有點(diǎn)問題。None of us is right. 我們中沒有一個(gè)人是對(duì)的。5. 動(dòng)名詞做主語時(shí)，謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)

12、。建議寫作時(shí)多用這種句式。Playing computer games is my hobby. 玩游戲是我的愛好。Protecting the environment is our duty. 保護(hù)環(huán)境是我們的責(zé)任。6. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)主要注意選項(xiàng)中有沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)：be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+by He is told to come to the party. 他被告知來參加派對(duì)。重點(diǎn)注意：在主動(dòng)態(tài)中不帶to 的動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)加上to. (make sb do sth sb be made to do sth)(have sb do sth sb be made to do sth)(le

13、t sb do sth sb be let to do sth )(see sb do sth sb be seen to do sth)(hear sb do sth sb be heard to do sth)I make my sister clean the bedroom. (主動(dòng))I was made to clean the bedroom by my mother.(被動(dòng))7. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：can(能)，must(必須)，need(需要)，have to(不得不)，had better(最好)，should(應(yīng)該) + 動(dòng)詞原形 I can play basketball. 我會(huì)

14、打籃球。 I have to leave now. 我現(xiàn)在必須要離開了。?？键c(diǎn)：Must I hand in my homework tomorrow. Yes, you must.(是的，你必須。) No, you don't have to/ you needn't.(不，你不需要) 不能回答mustn't. 8. 做時(shí)態(tài)題主要記清楚不同時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志時(shí)間狀語，例如 tomorrow用一般將來時(shí)， last night/year/month 用一般過去時(shí)， now/ look/ listen用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)， 有since/ for +時(shí)間狀語，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，every d

15、ay/month/year, usually,sometimes 用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 l 多背多記動(dòng)詞的原形，過去式，過去分詞。例如：Go-went-gone see-saw-seen take-took-taken buy-bought-bought 定語從句關(guān)系代詞: who， whom， whose， that， which關(guān)系副詞：where, when, why當(dāng)先行詞是物時(shí), 用which 或that引導(dǎo).These are the trees which were planted last year.當(dāng)先行詞是人時(shí), 用who, whom, whose, that引導(dǎo).1. I ha

16、ve a friend _ likes listening to classical music.2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.3. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.4. My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 years old.5. The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.6. Kevin is reading a book _i

17、s too difficult for him.l 下列情況只能用that不用which或者whoü 序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)adj修飾先行詞時(shí)Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known.ü all, everything, nobody 等不定代詞作先行詞時(shí)Everything that we saw in this film was true. 7. Is there anything _ you want to buy in the town.8.All _ we can do is to study hard.9. The

18、first one _ stands up is a little boy.l who, whom, whose, that用法區(qū)別.ü who 作定語從句的主語或賓語.The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.ü Whom 作定語從句的賓語The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.ü whose 作定語從句的定語（的）I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.練習(xí)：用關(guān)系代詞填空1. The boy _ i

19、s playing ping-pong is my classmate.2. The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.3. I hate people _ talk much but do little.4. The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.選擇題：1、Do you know the man _ is talking with your father? A. whose B. who C. which2、The boys _ the teacher

20、talked to are from Class One. A. when B. which C. who3、Those _ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. A. who B. which C. whom4. The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. A. who B. about whom C. whom5. The doctor _ you are looking for is in the ro

21、om. A. whom B. what C. which6. The teacher for _ you are waiting has come. A. who B. whom C. that7. A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan. A. which B. his C. whose 8. This book is for the students _ native(本國的) language is not English. A. that B. of whom C. whose 9. The boy _ composition wo

22、n the first prize is the youngest in the group. A. who B. whose C. that10、He prefers to eat the rice _ in the south. A. who is grown B. which is grown C. when is grown11、 The knife _ I cut the apple with cant be found. A. which B. who C. what 12、The room in _ there are many books is mine. A. that B. who C. which13、This is the pen _ he bought yesterday. A. which B. who C. when14. All _ is needed is a