ScreenTest(透視檢查)

1、screen test1. every year millions of women are screened with x-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. if this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. according to a survey （調(diào) 杳）published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes nine of them, including australia

2、, canada, the us and spain, screen women under 5（）.2. but the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial （有爭議r勺）, partly because the radiation （輻射） brings a small risk of inducing cance匚 also, younger women must be given higher doses of x-rays because their breast tissue （組織

3、） is dense匚 3 researchers at the polytechnic university 1 of valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics. after estimating the women's cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause4. the math

4、ematical model recommended by britain national radiological protection board （nrpb） predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. the model preferred by the un scientific committee on the effects of atomic radiation led to a lower figure of 20 can

5、cers.5. the researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is "not very significant compared to the far larger number of cancers that arc discovered and treated the valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened6.

6、but they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. the results of their study, they suggest, could help "optimize the technique" f

7、or breast cancer screening.7"there is a tradc-off （平衡）between the diagnostic （診斷的、判斷的）benefits of breast screening and its risks," admits michael clark of the nrpb but he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution. uon the basis of the current （目幣jr勺）data, for every 10 cancers

8、 successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. that's why radiation exposure should be minimized in any screening programme.練習：1. paragraph?a2. paragraph3 _b3. paragraph4c4. paragraph5d_a. harm screening may do to a younger womanb. investigating （調(diào)查）the effect

9、 of screeningc. effects predicted by two different modelsd. small risk of inducing cancers from radiatione. treatment of cancersf. factors that trigger cancers5. early discovery of breast cancer mayc6. advantages of screening women under 50 are _d7. delaying the age at which screening starts maye8.

10、radiation exposure should bef.a. be costlyb. harmfulc. save a lifed. still open to debate（爭論）e. reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancerf. reduced to the minimum詞匯：polytechnic / i pt）li i tekmk/ adj.多工藝的 radiological /ireidfou'lodgikal/ adj.放射性的 optimise /'optimaiz/ vt.最大限度地完善注釋：* po

11、lytechnic university :理工大學 cumulative ajuimjubtiv/ adj.遞增的 contract /ksn'traekt/ vt. trade-off areiddf/ n.平衡a harm screening may do to a younger womanbinvestigating the effect of screeningceffects predicted by two differentmodelsdsmall risk of inducing cancers from radiationetreatment of cancers

12、ffactors that trigger cancersearly discovery of breast cancer mayadvantages of screening women under 50 are 一delaying the age at which screening starts mayradiation exposure should beabe costlybharmfulcsave a lifedstill open to debatee reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancerfreduced to the

13、minimum答案與題解：aa說人是：用x射線檢查可能對年輕女人不好。下面是第二段講的意思：但是，用x射線 檢查年輕女性，就醫(yī)學上的好處而論，是有爭議的，部分原因是輻射有誘發(fā)癌癥的小小的危 險。另外，年輕女人乳房組織緊密，給予的x射線的劑量要多一些。bb說的是：調(diào)查用x射線檢查的結(jié)果。第三段的第一句話是這么說的:valencia理工大學 的研究人員分析了 11個社區(qū)診所用x射線檢査16萬以上女性的結(jié)果?？梢奲為正確的選 項。cc說的是：兩種不同的模型預(yù)測的結(jié)果。笫四段講的是，兩種不同的數(shù)學模型在預(yù)測用x 射線檢查女性誘發(fā)癌癥的結(jié)果是不一樣的。c概述了這段話。dd說的是：輻射誘發(fā)癌癥的危險是很小

14、的。第五段的第一句話是這么說的：the researchers argue that the level of radiatioinduced cancers is " not very significant" compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated.研究人員爭辯說，與發(fā)現(xiàn)后 接受治療 的癌癥數(shù)字相比，山輻射誘發(fā)癌癥的數(shù)字是很小的。c c與題丁牛成:early discovery of breast cancer may save a life.乳腺癌發(fā)現(xiàn)得早

15、也許能挽 救 生命。答案可以從第一段屮找到。d d 與題干生成:advantages of screening women under 50 are still open to debate. x 才 50 歲 以下的女人用x射線撿查的好處仍然是冇爭議的。第二段的笫一個甸了是這么說的:but the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial但是，丿 ij x 射線檢查 年 輕女性，就醫(yī)學上的好處而論，是有爭議的這兩個句子用詞有些差別，但基本意思是相同的。e e 與題t牛成： delaying the

16、age at which screening starts may reduce lhe risk of radiation triggerhigaa cancer.延纖用x射線檢杳的年齡也許能減少輻射誘發(fā)的危險。答案在笫f f與題干生成扭tion exposu ®（命cmld be reduced to the minimum.應(yīng)把接受輻射降低 到最小的程度。答案在文章的蝕后一句。譯文：透視檢查每年上百力的女性都做x射線透視，檢杳是否有乳腺癌跡象。如果檢杳得足夠早，疾病就 可以被成功地治療。根據(jù)去年公布的一項調(diào)查，21個國家有透視計劃。其屮9個國家，包 括澳大利亞、加拿大、美國和西

17、班牙為50歲以下女性進行透視。但是，用x射線檢查年輕女性，就醫(yī)學上的好處而論，是冇爭議的，部分原因是輻射冇誘 發(fā)癌癥的小小的危險。另外，年輕女人乳房組織緊密，給予的x射線的劑量要多一些。 valencia理工大學的研究人員分析了 11個社區(qū)診所用x射線檢杏16萬以上女性的結(jié)果。 估測了女性的輻射累積劑量z后，他們用兩種模型計算由此導(dǎo)致額外癌癥數(shù)量。英國國家輻射保護委員會推薦的數(shù)學模型預(yù)言，透視計劃會導(dǎo)致每10萬個女性中有36人患 上癌癥，18人致死。聯(lián)合國原子輻射影響科學委員會首選的模型得出了一個較低的數(shù)字人20 人患上癌癥。研究人員爭辯說，與發(fā)現(xiàn)后接受治療的癌癥數(shù)字相比，山輻射誘發(fā)癌癥的數(shù)字是很小的。他 們說，valenc