2019年高考英語語法專題考點梳理與練習(xí)---名詞性從句

1、1 2019 年高考英語語法專題考點梳理與練習(xí)-名詞性從句一、考點梳理。1.根據(jù)語境考查不同連接詞的辨析why not try your luck downtown, bob? thats_ the best jobs are. where 在此引導(dǎo)表語從句，表示“ 的地方 ” 。又如： this is where the river is the deepest.這是河流的最深處。 this is where i first met her. 這就是我初次與她會面的地方。2.考查 what 的用法(1)_matters most in learning english is enough p

2、ractice. what 在此引導(dǎo)主語從句，相當(dāng)于the thing that。(2)_parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. what 在此引導(dǎo)主語從句，相當(dāng)于the thing that 3.根據(jù)句法功能考查連接詞的選用choosing the right dictionary depends on_you want to use it for. what 用以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，用作介詞on 的賓語，其中的what 在從句中用作介詞for 的賓語。4.考查 whatever 等的用法could i speak

3、to_is in charge of international sales, please? whoever 有兩個主要用法：一是用于引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，其意思相當(dāng)于the person who;二是用于引導(dǎo)狀語從句，其意思相當(dāng)于no matter who。句中的whoever 引導(dǎo)賓語從句，用作介詞to 的賓語，5.在復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)中考查名詞性從句的使用having checked the doors were closed, and_all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. that 在此用于引導(dǎo)賓語從句，用作

4、動詞check 的賓語。這是一個比較復(fù)雜的句子，句中的現(xiàn)在分詞having checked 帶有兩個賓語從句(that) the doors were closed 和 that all the lights were off ，只是前面一個賓語從句省略了引導(dǎo)詞that。6.考查同位語從句的運用a warm thought suddenly came to me_i might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday. that 在此引導(dǎo)同位語從句，修飾a warm thought 。此題的難點是a wa

5、rm thought 與其同位語從句被分離開2 了。二、要點點撥名詞性從句必記考點一、 that 從句1that 從句作主語時，常用it 作形式主語，常見的句型有：(1)it+be+ 形容詞 (obvious, true, natural, surprising, good,wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that 從句。it is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future. (2)it+be+

6、名詞詞組 (no wonder，an honour， a good thing，a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that 從句。its no surprise that our team should have won the game. 不要驚奇，我們隊本來就應(yīng)贏得比賽。(3)it+be+ 過去分詞 (said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that 從句。it is decided that the meeting has been put off till next

7、monday. 根據(jù)決定這個會議已經(jīng)被推遲到下周一。注意：在口語和非正式文體中that常可省略。在非常短的句子中，that總是不必要的。its a pity (that) youre leaving. 你要走，真遺憾。但 that從句位于句首時，連接詞that是絕對不能省略的。that we are invited to a concert this evening is good news to us. 我們被邀請去參加今夜的音樂會，這對我們來說是個好消息。(4)以下情況用虛擬語氣： ， it is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required/i

8、nsisted（堅持要，一定要）that sb. (should) do sth. it is necessary/important/strange/natural that sb. (should) do sth. 2作動詞的賓語(1)常見的可以接that 從句作賓語的動詞有see ，say，know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider, make 等。在可以接復(fù)合賓語的動詞之后，如think ，make，consider 等，可以用it 作形式賓語，此時that 不可省略。注意：一個句子中有兩個或多個并列的賓語

9、從句時，引導(dǎo)第二個和以后幾個從句的that不可省略。(2)that 從句一般不能充當(dāng)介詞的賓語，偶爾可作except，in，but 的賓語。he differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading 他和他的同學(xué)不同的地方在于他3 把業(yè)余時間用在讀書上。其他介詞后面需要用that 從句作賓語時，必須用it 作形式賓語。you may depend on it that i shall always help you. 我會一直幫助你，你要相信這一點。3作形容詞的賓語某些形容詞后常接賓語從句，這類形容詞

10、有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied 等，連接詞 that 可省略。im afraid you dont understand what i said just now. 我擔(dān)心你沒有明白我剛才說了什么。4作表語(1)連接詞 that 不可省略。(2)主句的主語是reason，則表語從句只能用that 引導(dǎo)。(3)主句的主語是advice，suggestion，order，proposal 等時，表語從句應(yīng)用“ should+ 動詞原形 ” ，should可以省略。5作同位語the news tha

11、t the plane will take off on time makes everyone happy.飛機(jī)將按時起飛的消息使每個人都很高興。特別注意：that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別連接詞 that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，應(yīng)放在某些抽象名詞之后。如：fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news,problem，possibility 等，對前面的名詞起補(bǔ)充說明的作用，連接詞that只起引導(dǎo)同位語從句的作用，在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成分，不能省略。關(guān)系代詞 that引導(dǎo)定語從句時，關(guān)系代詞that一方面起引導(dǎo)定語

12、從句的作用，但另一方面，that在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語或賓語。若作賓語，還可以省略。但是，引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that一般不能省略。the news that our football team won the match was really encouraging （同位語從句）我們的足球隊贏得了比賽的消息真是鼓舞人心。the news (that) we heard on the radio was not true. （定語從句）我們在收音機(jī)里聽到的消息不是真的。【例】 the fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming

13、warmer and warmer these years. a. what b. which c. that d. though 【 答案 】c 4 【例】 news came from the school office _wang lin had been admitted to beijing university. a. which b. what c. that d. where 【答案】 c 【解析】考查名詞性從句的用法。在該題中that 引導(dǎo)了一個同位語從句來解釋說明news的內(nèi)容，由于該題把同位語從句后置了，所以很多考生由于不能正確分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)而錯誤選擇了d 項。二、 wh-

14、疑問從句1作主語，常用it 作形式主語it has not been decided yet who will preside at the meeting. 由誰來主持會議還沒有確定。主語從句如果是用what，whatever，whoever等引導(dǎo)的，表示一個具體的東西或人，這種主語從句不能用 it來替換。what he found interested me greatly. 他的發(fā)現(xiàn)使我很感興趣。whoever has finished may rest 誰完工了就可以休息?！纠縜 good friend of mine from i was born showed up at my

15、home right before i left for beijing ahow bwhom cwhen dwhich 【答案】 c 【解析】本題對學(xué)生來說較難,不容易看的懂.本句意為 ” 就在我準(zhǔn)備去北京前,我兒時的一位好朋友到我家里來了 . ”2作直接賓語特別注意：wh-疑問從句還可作介詞的賓語，但if 從句不能作介詞的賓語。it all depends (on) how we solve the problem.這完全要看我們?nèi)绾谓鉀Q這個問題。we are worrying about what we should do next.我們正在為下一步該怎么辦而煩惱。3作表語5 【例】 t

16、he little girl who got lost decided to remain _she was and wait tor her mother. a. where b. what c. how d. who 【答案】 a4作某些形容詞的賓語you must be careful what you do. 你必須小心你所做的事情。5作同位語the question why so many people would choose to live in the countryside but to work in the city is still under discussion.關(guān)

17、于為什么這么多的人們將選擇住在鄉(xiāng)下而在城市工作的這個問題還在討論中。三、名詞性關(guān)系從句可主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語名詞性關(guān)系從句實際上是先行詞與在其后的定語從句的結(jié)合。what= the thing(s) that/which whoever= anyone who whichever= anyone/anything that whatever=anything that where=the place where when= the time when 注意：連接代詞和連接副詞一般都表疑問，但what，when，where等連接詞有兩種含義，一種表示疑問 （即： 什么，何時，何地），另一

18、種表示陳述(即the thing that，the time when，the place where)?！纠?the how to book can be of help to wants to do the job. a. who b. whomever c. no matter who d. whoever 【答案】 d 【解析】 考查名詞性從句。此處從做介詞to 的賓語，是名詞性從句，引導(dǎo)詞做從句的主語，指人，意思是：無論是誰，選d。注意：名詞性關(guān)系從句還可作介詞的賓語。四、 whether 和 if 在名詞性從句中的區(qū)別。下列情況只用whether 不用 if ：1引導(dǎo)主語從句且置

19、于句首時。2引導(dǎo)表語從句時。6 3引導(dǎo)同位語從句時。4引導(dǎo)賓語從句且前置時。5作動詞discuss 和介詞的賓語時。6其后緊跟or not 時。7其后跟不定式時。五、 “ 疑問詞 +ever” 與“no matter+ 疑問詞 ” 的應(yīng)用。1whatever，whoever 等既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，又可引導(dǎo)狀語從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，其主句缺主、賓、表、定語等，相當(dāng)于anything that，anyone who 等；當(dāng)引導(dǎo)狀語從句時，其主句不缺任何成分，并且主句和從句通常用逗號隔開，相當(dāng)于no matter what, no matter who 等。“ no matter+ 疑問詞 ”

20、結(jié)構(gòu)只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，能和“ 疑問詞 +ever ”結(jié)構(gòu)互換。但不能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句， no matter 不能單獨使用。2what， who 等與whatever， whoever 等的區(qū)別在于：what，who 等是指具體的東西或人；用whateverwhoever 等是表示任何一個事物或人，無范圍可言，語氣比前者強(qiáng)烈得多?！纠?she is very dear to us. we have been prepared to do it takes to save her life. a. whichever b. however c. whatever d. whoever 【答案】

21、 c 三、誤區(qū)警示、典型陷阱題分析1. she was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _ he said meant. a. that b. what c. that that d. what what 【陷阱】可能誤選b.許多同學(xué)一看選項首先就排除了c 和 d，認(rèn)為這樣兩個“ 引導(dǎo)詞 ” 疊用的情況不太可能。在 a 和 b 兩個選項中，選項a 肯定不行，因為它引導(dǎo)賓語從句時不能充當(dāng)句子成分，所以便選擇了 b. 2. after _ had happened he could not continue to work

22、 there. 7 a. which b. how c. what d. having 【陷阱】可能誤選a. 【分析】最佳答案選c.有的同學(xué)誤選a，是因為認(rèn)為介詞后應(yīng)接關(guān)系代詞which ，但實際上，若填關(guān)系代詞，其前沒有先行詞，這根據(jù)不是一個定語從句。另外，由于had happened 缺主語，所以b 和 d 也不能選。3. “ is _ you want to say？ ” asked the teacher.a. this b. that c. all that d. that all 【陷阱】根據(jù)中文字面意思誤選a 或 b. 【分析】最佳答案選d.假若選 a 或 b， 那么轉(zhuǎn)換成陳述句

23、即為：this is you want to say. / that is you want to say. 顯然句中的兩個謂語動詞is 與 want 相沖突。選d 組成的句子是is that all you want to say ？ 其中的 that 為句子主語，all 為表語， you want to say 為定語從句，用以修飾all. 4. “ when _ leave for japan？” “ when _ leave for japan is kept secret.”a. they will, will they b. will they, they will c. they

24、 will, they will d. will they, will they 【陷阱】可能誤選d，認(rèn)為when 后應(yīng)用疑問句詞序。【分析】最佳答案選b.第一個 when 引出的是一個特殊疑問句，故用疑問詞序；第二個when 引出的是主語從句，故其后用陳述句詞序。5. someone is ringing the doorbell. go and see _. a. who is he b. who he is c. who is it d. who it is 【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選?！痉治觥看祟}最佳答案為d.首先可以排除a 和 c，因為空格處實為一個賓語從句，所以不能用疑問句詞序

25、。另一方面，但按英語習(xí)慣，當(dāng)用于指代身份不明的人時，要用代詞it，而不用he 或 she等。比較以下兩句mr smith is at the door. he wants to see you. 史密斯先生在門口，他想見你。someone is at the door. it may be the postman. 有個人在門口，可能是郵遞員。第一句因前面指明了是mr smith，所以后面用代詞he；而第二句因前面用的是不定代詞someone，說明此人身份尚不明確，故其后用了代詞it 來指代?！炯磿r鞏固】1.【2017北京】 23. every year, _ makes the most b

26、eautiful kite will win a prize in the kite festival. a. whatever b. whoever c. whomever d. whichever 8 【答案】 b 考點：考查連詞?！久麕燑c睛】主語從句subject clauses (在主語的位置上) 1. 從句的連接詞可以是that, 也可以是特殊疑問詞wh-。that he is a famous singer is known to us.= it is known to us thatwhether we shall attend the meeting hasn t been d

27、ecided yet.who will go makes no difference. it is known to us that he is a famous singer. it is not yet fixed when he will go to america. 本題中， whatever 引導(dǎo)主語從句，同時作do 的賓語。2. wh 和 ever 連用的詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句和狀語從句的區(qū)別區(qū)分使用wh-和 wh-ever: wh 有疑問的意思；wh-ever 有肯定強(qiáng)調(diào)的意思*who will be invited hasn t been decided. *whoever com

28、es here is welcomed. *a reward of $1,000 will be given to whoever can provide any clues to the case. *the gift will be given to whomever i like. wh-ever 在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時不能用no matter wh-來替換，但在引導(dǎo)狀語從句時可以替換whatever happened, he would not mind. = no matter what happened, he2.【2017北京】 26. jane moved aimlessly do

29、wn the tree-lined street, not knowing _she was heading. a. why b. where c. how d. when 【答案】 b 試題分析： a. why 為什么b. where 在哪c. how 如何d. when 什么時候。句意：jane漫無目的地走在兩旁栽樹的街道上，不知道她將去往何方，根據(jù)語境可知此處是表地點的，很容易就可選出答案b?？键c：考查連詞。9 3. 【2017江蘇】26. we choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, ha

30、lf of _ it used to charge. a. that b. which c. what d. how 【答案】 c 【名師點睛】這里容易誤判為定語從句的“ 介詞 +關(guān)系代詞 ” 結(jié)構(gòu)，需要注意的是，half of 后面的價格是以前的價格。如果是定語從句，那么half of 后面的價格則是$20 的一半，即 $10，再結(jié)合 “down to ”可知，原來的價格高于 $20，因此不是定語從句。介詞 of 后跟賓語，因此這里是賓語從句，通過分析句子成分可知，賓語從句缺少賓語，因此用what 引導(dǎo)。賓語從句1. 動詞后的賓語從句1) that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句后常接 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語

31、從句的動詞有admit, agree, answer, believe, decide, declare, expect, explain, feel, hear, hope, intend, insist, mean, notice9 0rder, remember, reply, say, suggest, think, wish 等2) wh-，if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句后常接 wh-，if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的動詞有advise，ask，discuss，doubt，find out ，imagine，inform,1nquire, know, question, tell, understand

32、, wonder ，出 scover 等。3) “ 動詞十間接賓語+賓語從句 ”常使用此類結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有advise，ask，inform ，promise，question，remind ，show，teach，tell，warn，assure等。4) “ 動詞 +it 十形容詞名詞+that 從句 ”常見的后接it 作形式賓語的動詞有find，feel，think，believe，make， consider 等。5) it 作形式賓語的特殊句型常見的有： see to it that.；hate it that.；owe it to sb. that.；take it for granted that. 2. 形容詞后賓語從句10 后常接賓語從句的形容詞有：anxious，aware，certain，determined，glad，proud， surprised， worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, pleased, content, proud, annoyed, convinc