七年級下冊英語語法

1、七年級下冊英語語法：一情態(tài)動詞的用法（1） can情態(tài)動詞can有一定的詞義,但不能獨立存在,它必須與動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。情態(tài)動詞can沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。其具體用法如下: 1.表示"能、會",指腦力或體力方面的"能力"。例如: i can speak english.我會講英語。 jim can swim but i can't.吉姆會游泳,但我不會。 2.表示"可能",常用于否定句或疑問句中,指某種可能性。例如: han mei can't be in the classroom.韓梅不可能在教室里。 can h

2、e come here today, please?請問他今天能到這里來嗎？ 3.表示"可以",常用于口語中,指許可或請求做某事。例如: can i have a cup of tea, please?請問我可以喝一杯茶嗎？ you can go out.你可以出去了？ 補充: can在口語中可以代替may,表示許可或可以。 can't在口語中代替mustn't時,表示禁止或不準(zhǔn)。例如: you can't play football in the street.不準(zhǔn)在馬路上踢足球。 情態(tài)動詞can的過去式could,用于現(xiàn)在時,可使語氣更委婉、更客

3、氣。例如: could you help me with my english?你能幫助我學(xué)習(xí)英語嗎？ 情態(tài)動詞can的基本句型 1.肯定句型為:主語+can+動詞原形+其它。例如: they can play basketball.他們能打籃球。 she can dance.她會跳舞。 you can go to watch tv.你可以去看電視了。 2.否定句型為:主語+can not(can't/cannot)+動詞原形+其它。表示"某人不能(不會。不可能)做"。其中can't是can not的縮略式,英國多寫成cannot。例如: you canno

4、t pass the ball like this.你不能像這樣傳球。 i can't ride a motorbike.我不會騎摩托車。 3.疑問句句型分為:一般疑問句句型和特殊疑問句句型兩種類型。 一般疑問句句型為:can+主語+動詞原形+其它。表示"某人會(能?？梢?做嗎？",用于口語時,常表示請求或許可。其肯定答語用""yes,主語+can."作答;否定答語用"no,主語+can't."作答。注意答語中作主語的人稱代詞,應(yīng)根據(jù)問句中的主語作相應(yīng)的變化。其變化規(guī)則為:第一人稱問,則第二人稱答;第二人稱問

5、,則第一人稱答;第三人稱問,第三人稱答。例如: -can you sing an english song for us?你可以為我們大家唱一首英語歌嗎？ -yes.行。(注意在yes后面常省略i can) -can i skate?我可以滑冰嗎？ -yes, you can.可以。 -can she climb hills?她能爬山嗎? -no, she can't.不,她不能。 特殊疑問句句型為:a. who+can+動詞原形+其它。該句型中who相當(dāng)于主語。例如: -who can sing in english in your class?你們班上誰會用英語唱歌？ -lily

6、can.莉莉會。 b.特殊疑問詞(作定語)+名詞+can+主語+動詞原形+其它。該句型中的特殊疑問詞常用how many, how much等。例如: -how many boats can you see in the river?你能看見河中有多少只船嗎？ -only one boat.僅有一只。 c.特殊疑問詞+can+主語+動詞原形+其它。該句型中的特殊疑問詞常用what, where, when等,一般用肯定陳述句作答。例如: -what can you see in the picture?你能在圖畫中看到什么？ -i can see some birds and two big

7、trees in it.我能看到一些鳥兒和兩棵大樹。 . 單項選擇（15分） （ ）1. my sister likes playing the guitar, but she cant play _. a. nice b. good c. well （ ）2. are you good _ swimming? yes, and i think i can help kids _ it. a. with; in b. with; with c. at; with 3. he wants _ the english club. a. to join b. to be c. be in （ ）4.

8、 my father cant play _ basketball. he can play _ piano. a. the; the b. /; the c. the; / （ ）5. why do you want to _ the english club? because mr li in the club is good _ us. a. have; with b. join; with c. join; at （ ）6. my brother doesnt like playing basketball _ watching tv. a. and b. but c. or （ ）7

9、. can you speak chinese, tom? yes, but only _. a. lots of b. many c. a little （ ）8. _ do you want to join? the music club. a. what club b. when c. what （ ）9. hi!can i help you? _. i want to join the club. a. no, thanks a lot b. great c. yes, please （ ）10. _? he can do chinese kung fu well. a. can he

10、 do chinese kung fu b. what can he do c. does he want to join the chinese kung fu club ( )11. -what can you do? -i can _. a. play the guitar b. play violin c. swimming d. join the club ( )12. -can tom help kids _ swimming? -yes, can. a. x b. with c. for d. to ( )13. -_ do you want to join the chess

11、club? -because i like chess very much. a. who b. how c. why d. what ( )14. what is the first day of the week? a. monday b. friday c. saturday d. sunday ( )15. i can swim well.i want to join the _ club. a music b chess c swimming d、musician 1 gina wants to j _ the music club. 2can you s _ english? 3i

12、 can play the guitar but cant play the p _.4.can you h _ kids with swimming?用所給單詞適當(dāng)形式填空 41.can you help kids with _(dance)? yes,i can. 42. they want_ (join)the baseball club. 43.can you _(sing)? 44.the girl likes music.she wants to be a _ (music). 45.do you want to join the_ (swim)club? 46.are you g

13、ood with_ (kid),jim? 47he wants to join the_(dance) club. 48.she can _ (play) basketball. 49.she can help _(i) with _ (i) english. 50. i need _ (buy) a pen? 現(xiàn)在進行時1. 定義：表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。常與now, these days等時間狀語連用，句首有 look ! / listen !等提示語。 im visiting my friends now. look! he is sitting there. 2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be

14、動詞(am ,is ,are) +動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成（動詞-ing） 肯定句： be + doing 否定句： be + not doing 一般疑問句：be動詞提前到句子開頭 +主語+doing 記憶口訣： 現(xiàn)在進行主動賓，be +動詞-ing要記清; 助動詞(am, is ,are) 跟著主語變， am, is ,are + -ing; 變疑問，助動詞(am, is ,are) 后主語跟， 變否定，助動詞(am, is ,are) 后not跟。 例句： 肯定句： i am working. he is working. they are working. 否定句： i am not wor

15、king. he is not working. they are not working. 疑問句：are you working? is he working? are they working? 回 答：yes, i am . yes, he is. yes, they are. no, im not. no, he isnt. no, they arent. 注意：現(xiàn)在進行時的特殊用法： 1）現(xiàn)在進行時與always 連用時，往往含有贊揚、厭惡、責(zé)備等感情色彩。 如： he is always working hard.他總是非常努力地工作。(表示贊揚) 2）come, go, beg

16、in, start, leave 等動詞常用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將要發(fā)生的動作。 she is leaving china tomorrow. i'm going to school. 3. 現(xiàn)在分詞的變法規(guī)則： 當(dāng)我們說某人正在做什么事時，動詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構(gòu)成如下： 一）一般在后加ing。如： sing-singing, see-seeing, play-playing, go-going, do-doing, 二）以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如：write-writing, have-having, come coming 來 ；close - closing關(guān)

17、；make making 制造ride riding 騎； write - writing 寫 ;take - taking 拿走 ; have having 有 ； 三）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個元音字母一個輔音字母要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning; sit- sitting ；cut cutting 切 ;shop-shopping 購物；begin-beginning 開始 forget-forgetting忘記；stop-stopping 停止trave

18、l-travelling 旅行；beginbeginning 開始; swimswimming 游泳；runrunning跑步; putputting放；letletting讓；getgetting得到 四）以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于 現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)專項練習(xí) 一、 寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式 stay _ do _ listen _ forget _ refuse_ close_ travel_ die_ work_ spend _ look _ make _put _ sit _ run _ tie_ take _

19、 give _ ride _ please _ win _ begin _ open_ lie_ 二、 用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. mary and lucy are _ (dance) now. 2. listen! someone is _ (play) the piano in the next room. 3. he is _ (sweep) the floor at the moment. 4. look ! the cat _ _ (eat) the fish on the table. 5. a: _ you _ (study) french ?b: yes , i am.

20、6. she often _ (dance) after school. 7. my father and mother _ _ (swim) in the pond. 8. my sister is _ (fly) a kite in the garden. 9. we are _ (watch) tv now. 10.be quiet ! the baby _ _ (sleep) now. 三 單選 1、 look! he _their mother do the housework. a. is helping b. are help c. is help d.is helpping 2

21、 、_are the boys doing ? they are singing in the room. a .who b .how c.what d.where 3、 dont talk here. my mother _. a. is sleeping b .are sleeping c. sleeping d .sleep 4 、danny _. dont call him. a. is writeing b .is writing c.writing d .writes 5 、when_he_back? sorry, i dont know. a. does,come b.are c

22、oming c.is come d.is coming 6. who _ over there now? a. singing b. are sing c. is singing d. sing 7. its eight oclock. the students _ an english class. a. have b. having c. is having d. are having 8. listen! the baby _ in the next room. a. crying b. cried c. is crying d. cries 9. look! the twins _ n

23、ew sweaters. a. are wearing b. wearing c. are wear d. is wearing 10. dont talk here. grandparents _. a. is sleeping b. are sleeping c. sleeping d. sleep 11. tom is a worker. he _ in a factory. his sisters _ in a hospital. a. work/ work b. works/ work c. work/ works 12. who _ english best in your cla

24、ss? a. speak b. speaks c. speaking13. mrs. read _ the windows every day. a. is cleaning b. clean c. cleans 14. we _ music and often _ to music. a. like/ listen b. likes/ listens c. like/ are listening 15. she _ up at six in the morning. a. get b. gets c. getting 16. on sundays he sometimes _ his clo

25、thes and sometimes _ some shopping. a. wash/ do b. is washing/ is doing c. washes/ does 17. the twins usually _ milk and bread for breakfast, but jim _ some coffee for it. a. have/ have b. have/ has c. has/ have 語法一般過去時句式一、一般過去時的概念： 一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如：last year, yesterday, in 1

26、990, two days ago等；也可表示過去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，常和often, always等頻率副詞連用。 例如： i saw him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上看見他了。 li mei always went to school on foot last year. 去年李梅總是步行上學(xué)。 二、一般過去時的構(gòu)成： 1. be動詞的一般過去時的構(gòu)成： 第一人稱單數(shù)和第三人稱單數(shù)用was, 其余人稱用were 例如： i was ten years old at that time. there were many people standing i

27、n front of the door. 2. 實義動詞的一般過去時的構(gòu)成： (1) 規(guī)則動詞過去式的構(gòu)成有四條規(guī)則： 一般在動詞原形末尾直接加上ed。如：look-looked work-worked jump-jumped stay-stayed 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，直接加d。 如：live-lived close-closed dance-danced 末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加ed。 如：stop-stopped shop-shopped prefer-preferred 末尾是輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞，先變y為i，然后再加ed。 如：study-

28、studied try-tried (2) 不規(guī)則動詞的過去式需特殊記憶。 如：am(is)-was are-were go-went come-came take-took have(has)-had 3、 一般過去時的幾種句型： (1) be動詞的一般過去時的句型： 肯定句結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+was / were+其它。 如：i was at home yesterday. they were really happy at the party. 否定句結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+was not (wasnt) /were not (werent)+其它。 如：i wasnt at home yesterda

29、y. they werent happy at the party. 一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)為：was / were+主語其它？ 如：-were you at home yesterday? -yes, i was. / no, i wasnt. -were they happy at the party? -yes, they were. / no, they werent. 特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問詞was / were+主語其它？ 如：-where were you last night? -we were at my uncles house. -how was your weekend? -i

30、t was great. (2) 實義動詞的一般過去時的句型： 肯定句結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+動詞的過去式+其它。如：he went to the toy store yesterday. we took some pictures in the park. 否定句結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+did not (didnt)+動詞原形+其它。 如：he didn't go to the toy store yesterday. we didnt take any pictures in the park. 一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)為：did+主語動詞原形其它？ 如：-did you go to beijing last

31、week? -yes, i did. / no, i didnt. -did he meet the businessman before? -no, he didn't. / yes, he did. 特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問詞did+主語動詞原形其它？ 如：-what did you do last night? -i did my homework. -where did you go last week? -i went to shanghai with my parents. exercises: 一、按要求完成下列句子： 1. the children are having

32、a good time in the park. (用last sunday改寫) the children _ a good time in the park_ _. 2. last week i read an english book. (改為否定句) last week i _ _an english book. 3. there were about nine hundred people at the concert. 否定句：_ 一般疑問句：_ 對劃線部分提問：_ 4. there was only one problem. 否定句：_ 一般疑問句：_ 對劃線部分提問：_ 5.

33、ann did her homework yesterday evening. 否定句：_ 一般疑問句：_ 對劃線部分提問：_ 6. my brother was in the park just now. 否定句：_ 一般疑問句：_ 對劃線部分提問：_ 7. she had some bread for lunch today. 否定句：_ 一般疑問句：_ 對劃線部分提問：_ 二、用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空： 1. i _ (have) an exciting party last weekend. 2. _ she _ (practice) her guitar yesterday? no, she _. 3. -what _ tom _ (do) last saturday evening? -he _ (watch) tv and _ (read) an interesting book. 4. they all _ (go) to the mountains yesterday morning. 5. she _ (not visit) her aunt last