2022年2022年高中化學(xué)必備知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納與總結(jié)

1、精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載高中化學(xué)必備學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)歸納與總結(jié)6（ summary and summary ofessentialknowledge pointsofseniorhighschoolchemistry6） summary and summary of essential knowledge points for seniorhigh school chemistry 6.txtsummary and summary of essential knowledge points of senior high school chemistry 6twenty-three. regul

2、ar knowledge induction5. substances that can react with polymersderivatives of olefins、 dienes、 acetylene、 styrene、 olefins and dienes.6. the substance that can react with silver mirrorthe reaction of silver mirror can occur in any molecule with aldehyde group - cho.(1) all aldehyde rcho;(2) formic

3、acid、 formic acid and formic acid ester;note: the reaction can be made with the new cu oh 2、 except for the above substances、 there are acid strong acid such as formic acid、 acetic acid、 propionic acid、 hydrochloric acid、 sulfuric acid、 hydrofluoric acid、 etc.、 neutralizationreaction occurs.精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選

4、學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載7、withbromine reactionand the bromine fadeorchange materiali organic1. unsaturated hydrocarbons alkenes、 alkynes and dienes、 styrene、 etc.;2. derivatives of unsaturated hydrocarbons enol、 aldehyde、 oleic acid、 oleic acid、 oleic acid、 ester、 oil、 etc.3. petroleum products cracking gas、

5、 cracking gas、 cracking gasoline、 etc.;4. phenol and homologues because it generated three bromine bromine with substituted phenols precipitation5. compounds containing aldehyde groups two inorganic1. - 2 valence sulfur h2s and sulfide;2. + 4 valence sulfur so2、 h2so3 and sulfite;3. + 2 valence iron

6、:6feso43br2 = 2fe2 so4 32febr36fecl23br2 4fecl32febr3變色2fei2 3br2 2febr3 2i2精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載4. zn .mg等單質(zhì) 如 mgbr2 - h2o - mgbr2 此外、其中亦有 mg與 h +.mg與 hbro 的反應(yīng) 5. 1 價(jià)的碘 氫碘酸及碘化物 變色6. naoh 等強(qiáng)堿 : br22oh = = br bro h2o 7.agno38.能使酸性高錳酸鉀溶液褪色的物質(zhì) 一有機(jī)不飽和烴 烯烴.炔烴.二烯烴.苯乙烯等;苯的同系物 ;不飽和烴的衍生物 烯醇.烯醛.烯酸.鹵代烴.油酸.油酸

7、鹽.油酸酯等 ;含醛基的有機(jī)物醛.甲酸.甲酸鹽.甲酸某酯等;石油產(chǎn)品 裂解氣.裂化氣.裂化汽油等;煤產(chǎn)品 煤焦油 ;自然橡膠 聚異戊二烯 . 二無(wú)機(jī)精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載 2 價(jià)硫的化合物h2s.氫硫酸.硫化物 ; 4 價(jià)硫的化合物so2.h2so3 及亞硫酸鹽 ;雙氧水 h2o2、其中氧為 1 價(jià)9.最簡(jiǎn)式相同的有機(jī)物w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 1.ch: c2h2和 c6h62. ch2:烯烴和環(huán)烷烴3. ch2o:甲醛.乙酸.甲酸甲酯.葡萄糖4. cnh2no:飽和一元醛 或飽和一元酮 與二倍于其碳原子數(shù)和飽和一元羧酸或酯 ;one example:

8、acetaldehyde c2h4o and butyric acid and their isomers c4h8o210、isomersseveralcompoundshave thesamemolecularformula、 but have different structural formula1、 alcohol ether cnh2n+2ox2 - keto aldehyde、 alkylene oxide cyclic ether cnh2no 3、 carboxylic ester - hydroxy aldehyde cnh2no24、 amino acid nitro a

9、lkane精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載5、 mono olefin naphthenic cnh2n 6 - cnh2n-2、 dienes alkynes11. the substance and reaction condition that can substitute reaction1. alkanes and halogen elements: halogen vapor、 light;2. homologues of benzene and benzene and halogen elements: fe as catalyst;concentrated nit

10、ric acid: water bath at 5060 degrees; concentrated sulfuric acid as catalystconcentrated sulfuric acid: water bath at 7080 degrees centigrade;hydrolysisof3.halogenatedhydrocarbons:aqueous solutionof naoh;reaction of 4. alcohols with hydrogen halides: new hydrogen halide acids acidic conditions;hydro

11、lysisof5.esters:catalyzedby inorganicacidsorbases;6. phenol and concentrated water dehydration reaction ofethanoland concentrated sulfuricacidat140 degc when itis replaced.精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載twenty-four、 use of water in the experiment1.: seal in the middle school chemistry experiment、 a small am

12、ount of white phosphorus bromine need water、 filled withwater storage jar、 through the water cover、 can be isolated from the air to prevent the escape of vapours and white phosphorus、 keep it light in contrast;duringtheextremelyvolatileand toxic、itissmallerinwater solubility、 heavier than water、 so

13、the water can reduce thevolatilization.2. bath: phenolic resin preparation boiling water bath;preparationofnitrobenzene50 -60 degc、hydrolysisofethyl acetate 70 to 80 deg c、 hydrolysis of sucrose 70 to 80 degc、 determination of potassium nitrate solubility at roomtemperature to 100 deg c need to cont

14、rol the temperature of the thermometer; silver mirror the reaction with water bath heating can be.3. watercollection:drainagegas collectionmethod can collect insolubleorinsolublegas、thereare02、h2、 c2h4、 c2h2、 ch4、no in middle school. some gases have a certain solubility in water、 but they can add a

15、substance in water to reduce their solubility、 for example、 the chlorine can be collected by the method of saturated salt water.4. water washing: removal of soluble impurities in some insoluble gases by water washing、 such as removal of n02 impurities in no gas.精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載5.:can use some

16、identificationofmaterialidentification、in waterdensityordifferentsolubilitysuch as:colorlessliquid benzene、 ethanol was three bottles of no label、 theidentification of water floating in the water is benzene、 dissolved in water is ethanol、 submerged under water is bromethyl. it can be distinguished b

17、y water solubility heat、such as sodium hydroxide、ammoniumnitrate、sodium chlorideand calcium carbonate、 only water can be used for identification.6. leak detection: after the gas generator is connected、 theprincipleofthermalexpansionand contractionisapplied、and the water can be checked for leakage.tw

18、enty-six. the general formula and main chemical properties of various organic compoundscnh2n+2 c - c only containing alkane bond and halogen substitution reaction、 etc.、 the thermal decompositionreactionwithacidand alkali、bromine、potassiumpermanganatecnh2n olefin containing c=c bond and other halogen addition reaction、 oxidation reaction、 and potassium