初中英語代詞講解及練習(xí)

1、代 詞【是什么】1. 人稱代詞主格、賓格形式及其主要用法；2. 名詞性物主代詞與形容詞性物主代詞的形式、區(qū)別及其主要用法；1 反身代詞的形式、意義及其主要用法；2 常見不定代詞的一般用法；1. 指示代詞的一般用法，并了解其在上下文中的指代用法；2. 相互代詞的基本用法；3. 疑問代詞的基本用法。1. 關(guān)系代詞的基本用法?！局R點】代詞是代替名詞、形容詞和數(shù)詞的詞。按其意義、特征及其在句中的作用分為：人稱 代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞和關(guān)系代詞等。 一. 人稱代詞1.人稱代詞的人稱、數(shù)和格，如下表所示。第一人稱第二人稱第單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單主格I 我we 我們y

2、ou 你you 你們he 他賓格me 我us 我們you 你you 你們him 他三人數(shù)sheit 它她her 她it 它稱復(fù)數(shù)they 他們、 她們、它們them 他們、 她們、它們2.人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格作主語，賓格作賓語。如：I like table tennis. （作主語）Do you know him?（作賓語）3.人稱代詞還可作表語。作表語時用賓格。如：-Whos is knocking at the door?-Itsme.4.人稱代詞在 than 之后與其他人或事物進(jìn)行比較時，用主格和賓格都可以。如： He is older than me.He is olde

3、r than I am.二. 物主代詞1.表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，如下表所示。物主代詞單數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱形容詞型myyour名詞型mineyours1 / 9復(fù)數(shù)第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱hishhhiiiouryourtheirhishersitsoursyourstheirs2. 形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，可在句中作定語。例如：Our teacher is coming to see us.This is her pencil-box.3. 名詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語。 Our schoo

4、l is here, and theirs is there. （作主語）- Is this English-book yours? （作表語）- No. Mine is in my bag.I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （作賓語）三. 指示代詞指示代詞包括：this，that，these，those。1. this 和 these 一般用來指在時間或空間上較近的事物或人，that 和 those則指時間和空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人，例如：This is a pen and that is a penc

5、ilWe are busy these daysIn those days the workers had a hard time2. 有時 that 和 those 指前面講到過的事物，this 和 these 則是指下面將要講 到的事物，例如：I had a cold. That's why I didn't come.What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English 3. 有時為了避免重復(fù)提到的名詞，常可用 that 或 those 代替，例如：Televisi

6、on sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai4. this 在電話用語中代表自己，that 則代表對方。例如：Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?四. 反身代詞英語中用來表示"我自己"，"你自己"，"他自己"，"我們自己"，"你們自己" 等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞，也有人稱之為自身代名詞，其形式如表所示。反身代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第

7、三人稱myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyuorselvesthemselves2 / 9反身代詞可以在句中作賓語，表語，同位語。1. 作賓語，表示動作的承受者就是動作的發(fā)出者，主語和賓語指同一個人或一些人。He called himself a writerWould you please express yourself in English?2. 作表語。It doesn't matterI'll be myself soonThe girl in the news is myself3. 作主語或賓語的同位語，表示親自

8、或本人。I myself washed the clothes（=I washed the clothes myself.）（作主語同位語）You should ask the teacher himself（作賓語同位語）五. 不定代詞不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞，在句中可作主語、表語、賓語和定語?，F(xiàn)將幾個常用的不定代詞舉例說明如下：1. some 與 any 的區(qū)別1）some 多用于肯定句，表示“一些，幾個”作形容詞時，后面可以接不可數(shù)名詞 +單數(shù)動詞；可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動詞。Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library

9、. Some rice in the bag has been sold out.2）any 多用于疑問句、條件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容詞時，后面 可以接不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動詞；可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動詞。If you have any questions, please ask me.There isn't any orange in the bottle.Have you got any tea?3）any 和 some 也可以作代詞用，表示“一些”。any 多用于疑問句或否定句中，some 多用于肯定句中。H ow many people can you see in th

10、e picture?H can't see any.If you have no money, I'll lend you some.注意：與 some, any 結(jié)合的詞如 something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody 在肯定句、否定句、疑問句、條件句中的用法，大致和 some, any 的用法相同。2. few, a few, little, a little 在用法上的區(qū)別1）用作形容詞：含義用法用于可數(shù)名詞 用于不可數(shù)名詞表示肯定a few 雖少，但有幾個 a little，雖少，但有一點表示否定few

11、不多，幾乎沒有 little 不多，沒有什么I'm going to buy a few apples.He can speak only a little Chinese.There is only a little milk in the glass.He has few friends.They had little money with them.2）a little 和 little 也可以用作副詞，a little 表示“有點，稍微”，little 表示“很少”。3 / 9I'm a little hungry. (修飾形容詞 hungry)L et him sle

12、ep a little. (修飾動詞 sleep)M ary, go a little faster, please. (修飾副詞比較級) She slept very little last night.3. other, the other, another, others, the others 的區(qū)別。用 法不定特定單數(shù)another另一個the other另一個代名詞復(fù)數(shù)others別人，其他人 the others其余那些人、物單數(shù)another (boy) 另一個（男孩） the other (boy) 另一個男孩形容詞復(fù)數(shù)other (boys)其他男孩the other (b

13、oys) 其余那些男孩1）other 可以作形容詞用，后面可以跟單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，意思是“其他的、別的”。Where are his other books?I haven't any other books except this one.2）other 也可以用作代詞，與冠詞 the 連用構(gòu)成“the other”，表示兩個人或物中的“另 一個”。常與 one 搭配構(gòu)成“one ., the other .”句型。He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old.She held a ruler i

14、n one hand and an exercise-book in the other.3）other 作代詞用時，可以有復(fù)數(shù)“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常與some 搭配構(gòu) 成“some ., others .”句型。S ome went to the cinema, others went swimming.T his coat is too large. Show me some others, please.4）“the others”表示特指某范圍內(nèi)的“其他的人或物”。We got home by 4 o'clock, but the others didn&#

15、39;t get back until 8 o'clock.In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.5）another 可以作形容詞用，修飾后面的名詞，意為“另一個”，還可以跟代詞 one. You can see another ship in the sea, can't you?Mary doesn't want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one?6）another 也可以作代詞用，表示“另一個”。I'm

16、 still hungry after I've had this cake. Please give me another.4. every 與 each 的區(qū)別。each1) 可單獨使用2) 可做代名詞、形容詞3) 著重“個別”4) 用于兩者或兩者以上中的每 一個人或物every1) 不可單獨使用2) 僅作形容詞3) 著重“全體”，毫無例 外4) 用于三者或三者以上每 一個人或物The teacher gave a toy to each child. Each ball has a different colour.4 / 9當(dāng)我們說 each child, each stude

17、nt 或 each teacher 時，我們想到的是一個人的情況。而當(dāng) 我們說 every child 和 every student 時，我們想到的是全體的情況，every 的意思與 all 接近， 表示他們都如此。Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.5. all 和 both 的用法。1）all 指三者以上，或不可數(shù)的東西。謂語動詞既可以用單數(shù)，也可以用作復(fù)

18、數(shù)。在句中 作主語、表語、賓語、同位語和定語。All of us like Mr Pope. 我們都喜歡 Pope 先生。（作主語）= We all like Mr Pope. (作同位語)All the water has been used up. (作主語)That's all for today. (作表語)Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作賓語)All the leaders are here. (作定語)2）both 作代詞。與其他名詞或代詞并列出現(xiàn)，表示“兩個都”。Lucy and Lily both agree with us.They

19、both passed on their sticks at the same time.How are your parents? They're both fine.與“of +代詞（或名詞）”連用，表示“兩者都”。Both of them came to see Mary.Both of the books are very interesting.單獨使用，表示“兩者（都）”。Michael has two sons. Both are clever.I don't know which book is the better, I shall read both.3）b

20、oth 用作形容詞，放在名詞之前，修飾該名詞，表示“兩者都”。Both his younger sisters are our classmates. There are tall trees on both sides of the street.六. 相互代詞表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫做相互代詞。相互代詞有 each other 和 one another 兩種形 式。 在當(dāng)代英語中，each other 和 one another 沒有什么區(qū)別。相互代詞可在句中作賓語，定語。 作定語用時，相互代詞用所有格形式。We should learn from each other / one anot

21、her. （作賓語）Do you often write to each other / one another? （作賓語）We often borrow each other's / one another's books. （作定語）The students corrected each other's / one another's mistakes in their homework.（作定語）七. 疑問代詞疑問代詞有 who，whom，whose，what 和 which 等。疑問代詞用于特殊疑問句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作為某一句子成分。例如

22、：Who is going to come here tomorrow? （作主語）What is that? (作表語)Whose umbrella is this? (作定語)Whom are you waiting for? (作賓語)5 / 9八.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞是一種引導(dǎo)從句并起連接主句和從句作用的代詞。關(guān)系代詞有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它們在句中可用作主語,表語,賓語,定語. 在主句中,它們還代表著從 句所修飾的那個名詞或代詞。例如：I hate people who talk much but do little.Im looking at

23、 the photograph which you sent me with your letter.With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies.Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?【實例解析】1. (2004 年北京市中考試題)Mary, please show _ your picture.A. my B. mine C. I D. me答案：D。該提考查的是人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法。在本題中，動詞 show 的后面要跟 雙賓語，空白處

24、缺少一個間接賓語，所以應(yīng)選 me。2. (2004 年北京市中考試題)-Whats on TV tonight? Is there _ interesting?-Im afraid not.A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything答案：B。該提考查的是不定代詞的用法。這是一個疑問句。在疑問句中，通常用 anything。 3. (2004 年上海徐匯區(qū)中考試題)_ of them has his own opinion.A. Both B. Some C. Every D. Each答案：D。該題考查的是不定代詞用法。因為謂語動詞是單數(shù)

25、形式，所以 Both 和 Some 都不對。Every 不能作主語，所以只有 Each 合適。4. (2004 年安徽省中考試題)-Where is my pen?-Oh, sorry. I have taken _ by mistake.A. yours B. his C. mine D. hers答案：A。該題考查的是物主代詞的用法。根據(jù)題干的背景，我們可以判斷出錯拿的鋼筆 應(yīng)該是對方的，所以選 yours。【中考演練】一. 單項填空1. Tom, Please pass _ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers.A. you B. me C

26、. him D. her2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _ new words in it.A. a little B. little C. a few D. few3. -You want _ sandwich?-Yes, I usually eat a lot when Im hungry.A. other B. another C. others D. the other4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think

27、 more of others than _.A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs5. -Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk?-_, thanks. Id like a cup of tea.6 / 9A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None6. -Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.-Never mind. You can have _.A. us B. ours C. you

28、D. yours7. -Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?-_ is OK. Im free today and tomorrow.A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None8. -How are you going to improve _ this term?-Work harder than last term.A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself9. -Could you tell me _ she is looking for?-Her cousi

29、n, Susan.A. that B. whose C. who D. which10. -Is _ here?-No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave.A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody11. Paul has _ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely.A. many B. some C. few D. more12. If you want to book a round-trip ticket, youll have to p

30、ay _ $ 30.A. more B. other C. the other D. another13. -Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang?-Yes. I have two sons. But _ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America?A. neither B. both C. none D. either14. -Have you sent your parents an E-mail telling them you arrived safe?-No. _ of them can

31、use a computer.A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All15. Who taught _ English last term? Was _ Mr. Smith?A. you; it B. you; he C. your; it D. your; that16. -That woman has a bag in her right hand. Whats in her _ hand?A. another B. other C. one D. the other17. We decided to go for a field trip with some f

32、riends of _.A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves18. -Is there a bus to the zoo?-Im afraid theres _ bus to the zoo.A. no B. any C. some D. none19. You forgot your dictionary? You may have _.A. me B. my C. mine D. myself20. This is _ classroom. Where is _?A. our; them B. us; they C. our; theirs D. ours;

33、theirs二. 用所給代詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. This is not my pencil-box. _ ( I ) is in the bag.2. Trees are planted in _ ( we ) country every year, which makes our country more and more beautiful.7 / 93. -Is that bike Miss Gaos?-Yes, it is _(she) . Beautiful, isnt it?4. Help _ (you) to some fruit, Jack.5. -Who taught you

34、r brother to surf?-Nobody. He learnt all by _ (he).6. Their English teacher is from America, but _ (we) is from England.6. Marys answer is different from _ ( I ).6. -My watch keeps good time. What about _(you)?-Mine? Oh, two minutes slow.9. Sam is my brother. Do you like to play with _ (he)?10. Did

35、you enjoy _ (you), Mary and Kate?三. 用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空1. The old man has two sons. One is a worker, _ is a teacher.2. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running; some like swimming; _ like ball games.1. Lets go and have a drink. Weve got _ time before the train leaves.1. We were all very tired, but _ of us would like to have a rest.2. _ of the twins are in our class.1. Boys, dont touch the machines, or you may hurt _.1. It is said there is going to be _ important in the CCTV news.1. We couldnt buy anything because _ of the shops