非謂語動詞在翻譯中的運用

1、非謂語動詞在翻譯中的運用非謂語動詞在高考翻譯屮的應(yīng)川2005年至2009年的上海翻譯部分真題】1. (2005年上海高考翻譯第2題)多吃蔬菜和水果有益健康。(good)eating / having more vegetable and fruits / fruit doos good to/ is good for one' s hea1th.2. (2006年上海高考翻譯第5題)外出旅游時務(wù)必注意保護環(huán)境，為他人著想。(sure)be sure to pay attention to protecting the environment and be considerate / t

2、hink of others if / when / while traveling / doing traveling.3. (2007年上海高考翻譯第3題)我忘了提醒他面試的時間。(remind)i forgot to remind him of the time for the interview.4. (2008年上海高考翻譯第5題)我對學生所談的電子產(chǎn)品-無所知，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己落伍了。(ignorant)being ignorant of the electronic products the students are talking about, i find myself left

3、behind.5. (2009年上海高考翻譯第3題)只喝-杯咖啡就會使我整晚睡不著。(keep)drinking only a cup of coffee will keep me awake all night.6. (2010年上海高考翻譯第3題)看到奶奶有些睡意，他拉上窗簾并把電視的音量調(diào)低了。(turn)seeing grandmother was sleepy, he drew the curtain together and turned down the tv.【非謂語動詞在高考翻譯屮的地位】由以上六年非謂語動詞出現(xiàn)在高考翻譯中的頻率，我們可以看出：動詞的非謂語形式是 屮學英語語

4、法的重點和難點，也是每年高考熱點屮的熱點，考綱要求掌握：非謂語動詞的 時態(tài)和語態(tài)；他們在英語句了中的作用；非謂語動詞的基本用法和含義，非謂語動詞在句 子中町以充當多種句子成分，比如主語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語、狀語、表語等；掌握 非謂語動詞充當相同句子成分時的辨析；掌握非謂語動詞在不同的語境、語義卜的運用?！径x和作用】非謂語動詞就是不能作謂語的一種動詞形式，主要包插不定式、動名詞和分詞（現(xiàn)在分 詞和過去分詞），即：to do, doing flldone,。非謂語動詞除了不能獨立作謂語外,可 以承擔句子的任何成分。【非謂語動詞的特征】三種非謂語動詞都具有動詞的特征，雖然它們沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化

5、，但是它們都能帯白 己的狀語或有時跟賓語。它們都有各自的特征：分詞具有形容詞和副詞的特征；動名詞具 冇名詞的特征；不總式具冇名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征?！静欢ㄊ健?不定式在句子中對以做主語、賓語、表語、補足語或狀語。其中，不定式做狀語時， 可以分為目的狀語、結(jié)果狀語及原因狀語。2. 不定式的形式：to be, to do, to be doing, to be done, to have done, to have been done【不定式的功能與用法】1）作主語to see is to believe.眼見為實。（百聞不如一見。）注意：常川不定式做主語的句型有：1. it+be+名詞+to

6、doo2. it takes sb. +some time+to do。3. it+be+ adj. /n. + for sb. to do sth.（常見形容詞:difficult , important, necessary, impossible, etc.）4. it+be+ adj. +of sb. to do sth. =sb be + adj. + to do sth.(常見形容詞：clever, silly, foolish, stupid, wise, kind, rude, impolite, careless, cruel, crazy, etc.等表示贊揚或批評的形容詞

7、，這類詞通常是用來形容一 個人的品質(zhì)體征)2) 作表語her job is to clean the hal 1.他的工作是打掃大廳。3) 作賓語he was very happy to meet two foreigners and wanted to learn al 1 about europe注意：能夠接不左式作賓語的動詞很多，常見的冇：afford, agree, aim, ask, bear, begin, bother, care, choose, continue, dare, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, f

8、orget, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, long, 1 ove, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, pretend, refuse, remember, try, wait, want, wisho4) 作賓語補足語it is an interesting study and can help you avoid difficulty in communication.注意：某些動詞(大都是感官動詞)接動詞不定式作賓語補足語時，通常不帶to,但是 當其用于被動語態(tài)時to還原。下而的口訣可以幫

9、助大家記住這些動詞：“四看(see, watch, notice, observe) 三使役(let, have, make) 二聽(hear, listen to) 一感覺(feel) o ”能夠接帶to的不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有很多,常見的有:advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, command, direct, enable, encourage, expect, forbid, force, instruct, invite, oblige, order, permit, persuade, press, recommend, remind, request

10、, teach, tell, train, urge, want, warno5) 作定語do you want to make more friends but lack the confidenee to talk to people you do not know?注意：某些不及物動詞作定語時需要加上一個介詞，即構(gòu)成“不定式+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，這 個介詞是不可省略的。例如：give me a pen to write with.給我一支筆寫字。另外， 還有一種"介詞+which+不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)也可以作定語。例如：the young couple needs a lot of mone

11、y with which to buy a new house> 這對年輕夫婦需要一大筆錢， 用來買房子。6) 作狀語her mother plans to fly to beijing at least four times a year to visit her.注意：有的語法學家將形容詞后的不定式歸到賓語。這類形容詞有：able, afraid, anxious, careful, content, content, determined, foolish, prepared, ready, slow, willing 等。%1 在強調(diào)1=1的狀語時，不泄式前可加上in order

12、或so as,即通常我們所說的“in order to/so as to”詞組。有時候為了突出強調(diào)目的時，還可將這個詞組置于句首，但 so as to較少用于句首。%1 在soas to, enough to, only to, tooto等結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式表示結(jié)果。例如：will you be so kind as to open the window?勞駕您打開窗戶好嗎?【不定式練習】1. 要保持健康，就得遠離多脂食站。greasy food)to keep healthy, keep away from greasy food.2. 我們老師極力主張要得高分必須大量操練。(urge)our

13、 teacher urged on the necessity of sufficient practice to achieve a high score.3. 你最好與幾家銀行洽談你的住房貸款事宜，以確定哪一家最適合你。(approach several banks ) you' d better approach several banks for your house loan to make sure which one best suits you.4. 如何解決這個問題依ih使設(shè)計師們困惑。(designers )how to solve this problem is

14、still puzzling the designers.5. 最好的推銷他們品牌的方法是集屮精力真正提高他們產(chǎn)品的內(nèi)在質(zhì)量。(the true intrinsic quality of their products )the best way to promote their brand names is to focus on improving the true intrinsic quality of their products.【動名詞】1. 動名詞在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語和同位語。2.動名詞通常用來表示籠統(tǒng)及 泛指的概念或一個完成的動作?！緞用~的功能與川法】1）作主語it

15、' s no use crying over spilt mik.牛奶打翻了，哭也無益°注意：當動名詞短語作主語時常用it作形式主語，通常用在it is no use/ no good/a waste of time/ a great fun+doing這些句子結(jié)構(gòu)中。2）作表語（表示主語所具有的特征）the situation is encouraging.3）作動詞賓語have you finished writing the article?注意：有些動詞后只能接動名詞作賓語，這類動詞常見的有：admit, avoid, consider, delay, deny, d

16、islike, enjoy, escape, fancy, finish, imagine, inelude, keep, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, stop, suggest 等； 短語動詞有 give up, insist on等。為了幫助人家記憶，現(xiàn)將最常用的10個動詞的首字母縮略在-起： mepskarfi （梅不是咖啡）（m-mind, e-enjoy, p-practise, sstop, suggest, kkeep, aavoid, r-risk, f-finish, i-insist on）。4）作介詞賓語i wrote him

17、and his wife a thank-you note for helping me5）作定語the iron curtain was the statesman winston churchill * s term for the dividing 1 ine betwee n eastern and western europe.鐵幕是政治家溫斯頓丘占爾使 用的術(shù)語，指東歐與西歐的分界線?！緞用~練習】1. 逃避困難是冃光短淺的表現(xiàn)。（avoid）avoiding difficulties reflects shortsightedness.2. 運動后立刻喝太多水對健康有害。（imm

18、ediately）drinking too much water immediately after doing some sports exercise does harm to your health.3. 將采取更實際的措施來阻止這種疾病的蔓延。（spread）more practical measures will be taken to prevent this kind of disease from spreading.4. 我認為勸他戒酒是沒冇用了。 advise）i think it no use advising him to quit drinking.5. 她堅持口己一

19、個人做實驗。（insist ）she insisted on doing the experiment on her own.【分詞和獨立主格】1. 分訶在句子中可以做定語、表語、狀語或賓語補足語和主語補足語。其中分詞做狀語 時，可分為時間狀語、原因狀語、讓步狀語、條件狀語、結(jié)果狀語、方式狀語和伴隨狀 語。注意分詞做狀語時，分詞的邏輯主語就是主句中的主語。2. 非謂語動詞中，分詞有現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。3. 獨立主格可以做原因狀語、時間狀語和伴隨狀語。要注意在獨立主格中，分詞being 一般可以省略。【現(xiàn)在分詞的功能與用法】1）作表語this english story is very inte

20、resting.這篇英語故事非常有趣。2）作賓語補足語we felt the house shaking.我們感覺房了在搖晃。3）作定語if you see soldiers wearing sky-blue helmets, they are united nations peacekeepers.如果你看見丄兵戴著天藍色的頭盔，他們就是聯(lián)合國維和人員。4）作狀語having experieneed quite a few earthquakes in hawaii already, i didn' t take much notice.5）現(xiàn)在分詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在分詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu)是由“

21、not+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。例如：not having received a reply, i sent her an e-mail again. 沒有收到回復(fù)，于是 我又給她發(fā)了一封電子郵件。（注意不可以寫成：having not received a reply, ）6）現(xiàn)在分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)“名詞（或代詞）+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在分詞的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)，這個名詞或代詞就是現(xiàn)在分 詞的邏輯主語。這種結(jié)構(gòu)常用于書面語，置于句首或句末，作狀語，表示時間、原因、條 件、方式或伴隨動作。weather permitting, we will go climbing the mountain.時間允許的話,我們?nèi)ヅ?ll

22、|o （表示條件）ho guiding us, we had no trouble in finding his house.他引著 我們，我們毫不費勁就找到了他的家。（表示方式）【過公分詞的功能與用法】1）作表語are you interested in this tv play?2）作賓語補足語his english is so poor that he cannot make himself understood.3）作定語english is now an international language, spoken by about 750 million people.4）作狀語b

23、orn into a poor farmerj s family in 1931, dr yuan graduated from southwest agriculture college in 1953.【分詞和獨立主格練習】1. 中國，這個世界上增長最快的經(jīng)濟體，己經(jīng)被視作世界工廠，年生產(chǎn)家大約占所有 家電的 75%。1 household appl iances ） china, the world" s fastest-growing economy, has been considered the world* s factory , emnually producing about 75 percent of all household applianccs.2. 在數(shù)學測試