八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)《Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet》課件 Grammar Focus

1、unit 8現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法（課本的用法（課本p111）:(1) 表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。常使用成的影響或結(jié)果。常使用just, already, yet等時(shí)間副詞。等時(shí)間副詞。have you had lunch ? 你吃了午飯嗎？你吃了午飯嗎？ yes, ive just had it._yes,i have already had it.是的是的, 我剛剛我剛剛(已經(jīng)已經(jīng))吃過(guò)。吃過(guò)。(現(xiàn)在我不餓了現(xiàn)在我不餓了) 學(xué)學(xué). .科科. .網(wǎng)網(wǎng)(2) 表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在表示從過(guò)去某一

2、時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛停止的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛停止,也可能也可能仍然在進(jìn)行。常帶有仍然在進(jìn)行。常帶有for和和since等表示一段時(shí)等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。間的狀語(yǔ)連用。he has taught here since 1981.他自他自1981年就在這兒教書(shū)。年就在這兒教書(shū)。(可能還要繼續(xù)教可能還要繼續(xù)教) i havent seen her for four years.我有四年沒(méi)見(jiàn)到她了。我有四年沒(méi)見(jiàn)到她了。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是由現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是由“助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞have / has + 動(dòng)動(dòng)詞詞的過(guò)去分詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成構(gòu)成。

3、助動(dòng)詞要和主語(yǔ)的人。助動(dòng)詞要和主語(yǔ)的人稱、數(shù)保持一致。稱、數(shù)保持一致。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)-構(gòu)構(gòu)成成z.x.x. k z.x.x. k 過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成-規(guī)則變化 1.大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞直接在后面加-ed：finish-finished 2.以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加-d:live-lived 3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，需將y改為i，再加-ed:study-studied 4.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed:stop-stopped 5.規(guī)則之外，就是規(guī)則之外，就是不規(guī)則的，需一一記憶不規(guī)則的，需一一記憶現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句式1.肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/h

4、as+過(guò)去分詞+其他.2.否定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+過(guò)去分詞+其他. have not =havent, has not=hasnt3.一般疑問(wèn)句：have/has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他？ 肯定回答：yes, 主語(yǔ)+have/has. 否定回答：no, 主語(yǔ)+have/has not. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. i have finished my homework. i _ _ my homework. (改為否定改為否定句句)_ you _ your homework? (改改為一般疑問(wèn)句并作肯定回答為一般疑問(wèn)句并作肯定回答)yes，_ _. 答案：答案：1. havent fi

5、nished have；finished；i havezx.xk zx.xk 2. his dream has come true. (改為一般疑問(wèn)改為一般疑問(wèn)句并作否定回答句并作否定回答)- _ his dream _ true? - no，_ _ . 答案：答案：2. has；come；it hasnt 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): (1) 用副詞用副詞already和和yet。already一般用于一般用于肯定句中肯定句中, yet一般用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。一般用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。we have already finished our homework. 我們已完成家庭

6、作業(yè)了。我們已完成家庭作業(yè)了。 they havent finished their homework yet. 他們還沒(méi)有完成家庭作業(yè)。他們還沒(méi)有完成家庭作業(yè)。 already一般用于肯定句，用于疑問(wèn)句時(shí)表示驚訝，出乎意料。常放于句中，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前，助動(dòng)詞之后。yet一般用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句。常放在句尾，疑問(wèn)句中譯為“已經(jīng)”，否定句中譯為“還”，not yet常用在答語(yǔ)中，意為“尚未；還沒(méi)有”。the present perfect with already, yet1. have you watered the plants yet?（疑問(wèn)句）（疑問(wèn)句） yes, i have alread

7、y watered them.（肯定句）（肯定句）2. have you finished your homework yet? （疑問(wèn)句）（疑問(wèn)句） yes, i have already finished it. （肯定句）（肯定句）3. have you found your bike yet? （疑問(wèn)句）（疑問(wèn)句） yes, i have already found it. （肯定句）（肯定句）4.have you read this book yet？ （疑問(wèn)句）（疑問(wèn)句） no,i havent read it yet.(否定句否定句) not yet.(否定句否定句) (2) 用

8、用ever和和never。多用于否定或疑問(wèn)句中。多用于否定或疑問(wèn)句中,表示表示“曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng)”或或“從未從未”等。等。 have you ever been to the great wall? 你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城嗎？你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城嗎？ no, i have never been to the great wall. 不不, 我從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。我從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。 (3) 用表示到說(shuō)話為止的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)用表示到說(shuō)話為止的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ), 如如just, before, up to now等。等。i have seen her before, but i can not remember where. 我以前見(jiàn)

9、過(guò)她我以前見(jiàn)過(guò)她, 但記不起在哪里見(jiàn)過(guò)。但記不起在哪里見(jiàn)過(guò)。 (4) 與與since或或for表示表示一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連的狀語(yǔ)連用用, 表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始, 一直一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。since后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過(guò)去時(shí)后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過(guò)去時(shí)的句子；的句子；for后接時(shí)間段。后接時(shí)間段。i havent seen him for two years. 我已經(jīng)兩年沒(méi)見(jiàn)到他了。我已經(jīng)兩年沒(méi)見(jiàn)到他了。she has taught us since last year. 自從去年起她教我們。自從去年起她教我們。i have skated since i was f

10、our years old. 從我四歲時(shí)我就開(kāi)始滑冰了。從我四歲時(shí)我就開(kāi)始滑冰了。單項(xiàng)選擇。單項(xiàng)選擇。( )1. have you taken out the trash, belly? _. ill do it right away. a. sorry, i have b. no, i didnt c. no, i dont d. not yet( )2. have you _ visited shanghai? no, _. a. ever; not b. never; not c. ever; never d. never; everdc( )3. could you go to the

11、 park with me this afternoon? sorry, i _ there. i went there yesterday. a. have gone b. have been c. went d. was ( )4. have you washed your clothes _? no, i havent. but i have cleaned the room _. a. ago; already b. yet; yet c. before; yet d. yet; alreadybd(2010 .河北省卷河北省卷,41. 1) my brother left schoo

12、l in 2005, and since then he in beijing. a. lives b. lived c. will live d. has lived(2010湖北省黃岡市，湖北省黃岡市，35，1) - i joined the league _ may, 2008. what about you? -ive been a league member _ three years. a. in; for b. on; in c. on; ford. in; sinceda（2011四川資陽(yáng)）四川資陽(yáng)）27. so far this year, many new houses _

13、 in wenchuan with the help of the government. a. build b. are built c. will build d. have been built答案：答案：d【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句中有【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句中有so far“到到目前為止目前為止”，使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，故選，使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，故選d。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)詞義可分為兩種，一種是延續(xù)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)詞義可分為兩種，一種是延續(xù)性的，一種是終止性的。性的，一種是終止性的。終止性動(dòng)詞也可稱為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)終止性動(dòng)詞也可稱為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、

14、瞬間動(dòng)詞或點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞，如詞或點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞，如: become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, die, finish, get to know, go, join, marry, start, stop等。等。終止性動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作的發(fā)生與結(jié)束于一瞬終止性動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作的發(fā)生與結(jié)束于一瞬間完成間完成, 不能再延續(xù)不能再延續(xù), 所以它的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所以它的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示延續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用不能和表示延續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用, 即不能即不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ), 如如for + 時(shí)間段、時(shí)間段、 since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)間點(diǎn) / 從句連用從句連用, 也不能用在也不能用在h

15、ow long引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句。引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句。若保留若保留for + 時(shí)間段時(shí)間段, since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)間點(diǎn) / 從句從句, 或用在或用在 how long句型中句型中, 則需將終止性動(dòng)詞則需將終止性動(dòng)詞改為相應(yīng)的狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞或延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。改為相應(yīng)的狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞或延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。以下是常用的瞬間性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞以下是常用的瞬間性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換對(duì)應(yīng)表轉(zhuǎn)換對(duì)應(yīng)表: come be here buy have borrow keep leave be away die be dead stop be over begin / start be on zx.xk zx.xk 1、they hav

16、e been here since 2000. (對(duì)劃線部對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)分提問(wèn)) _ _ have they been here? 2、the old man _ last year. (die / dead) he _ _ _ for a year. (die / dead) （選詞填空）（選詞填空） 3、this factory opened twenty years ago.(同義同義 句轉(zhuǎn)換句轉(zhuǎn)換) this factory _ for twenty years. how long diedhas been open has been dead 4、miss gao left an hour ago. (同義句同義句轉(zhuǎn)換轉(zhuǎn)換) miss gao _ _ _ _ an hour.5、her mother has been a party member for