基礎液壓知識培訓

1、S ISO Symbols 標準圖例S Hydraulic Theory 液壓原理12Working Circuits工作油路Continuous, solid line - Working (Main) Line, Return Line (line conducting fluid from working devices to the reservoir) and Feed Line (main line conductor)連續(xù)實線-工作(主)油路，回油管路（控制從工作部件到液壓油箱）和送油管路（主油路）。3Working Circuits工作油路Dashed Line - Pilot

2、 line 短劃線-控制油路(line which controls fluid控制液體流動的油路)4Drain Circuits 回油管路Dotted Line - Drain Line (drain or bleed line - line conducting fluid from a component housing to the reservoir)點線-回油管路(從部件回到油箱)5Components組件組件Long Chain Line - Enclosure outline for several components assembled in one unit點劃線-圍住一

3、個部裝的幾個組件。6Connected Junction of Oil Lines油路交叉接點油路交叉接點Flow Line Connection油路連接油路連接lines are connected as indicted by dot表示兩條管路被連接在一起. . .7Oil Lines Crossing油路交叉Lines NOT Connected油路沒有連接油路沒有連接lines cross but are not connected油路交叉但沒有連接8Coupler聯(lián)結器聯(lián)結器Quick-Acting Coupling (uncoupled, closed by non-return

4、 valve)快速接頭（單向閥附近）910QRC快速接頭Hydraulic Pump液壓泵Converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy將機械能轉化為液壓能。11Hydraulic Pump液壓泵Fixed Capacity Displacement Pump (with one direction of flow)固定流量往復式活塞泵（單向流動）Outlet出口出口Inlet入口入口12Hydraulic Pump液壓泵Variable Capacity Displacement Bidirectional Pump (with two di

5、rections of flow)可變流量雙向往復式柱塞泵（可雙向流動）13Hydraulic Pump液壓泵Variable Capacity Displacement Directional Pump (with single direction of flow)可變流量單向往復式柱塞泵（單向流動）。.1415Bucket Pump 鏟斗泵Alternator Pump發(fā)電機泵Brake/Steer Pump剎車/轉向泵Hydraulic Motor 液壓馬達液壓馬達Used to convert hydraulic energy into rotary mechanical energy

6、將液壓能轉化為旋轉動能。16Hydraulic Motor液壓馬達Fixed Capacity Displacement Bi-directional固定流量雙向轉動1718Alternator 發(fā)電機Alternator motor 發(fā)電機馬達Valve providing for the opening (fully or restricted) of oil flow. 閥用于控制油路通或斷。The closing of one or more flow paths (represented by several squares)各個過程用幾個方塊表示。Directional Contr

7、ol Valve方向控制閥19Directional Control Valve方向控制閥Open Center中間通中間通 Pilot Activated (three position) 液壓調節(jié)（液壓調節(jié)（3個位置）個位置）Controlled by pressure (with return spring)壓力控制（有復位彈簧）壓力控制（有復位彈簧）20Directional Control Valve方向控制閥Closed Center中間斷開中間斷開Pilot Activated (three position)液壓調節(jié)（液壓調節(jié)（3個位置）個位置）Controlled by pr

8、essure (with return spring)壓力控制（有復位彈簧）壓力控制（有復位彈簧）21Solenoid Activated (two position)電磁線圈調節(jié)（電磁線圈調節(jié)（2個位置）個位置）Controlled by an Electrical Solenoid (with return spring)電磁線圈控制（有復位彈簧）電磁線圈控制（有復位彈簧）Directional Control Valve方向控制閥22Pilot Activated (two position)液壓調節(jié)（液壓調節(jié)（2個位置）個位置）Controlled by pressure (with

9、return spring)壓力控制（有復位彈簧）壓力控制（有復位彈簧）Directional Control Valve方向控制閥23 Directional control valves may be operated in a number of ways. We will give you a few examples of what uses to engage these valves. 方向控制閥有很多用途，下面將舉例說明如何使用這些閥。Directional Control Valve方向控制閥24Control Valve控制閥Activated By a Pull Butt

10、on (manual)按鈕調節(jié)（手動）按鈕調節(jié)（手動）25Control Valve控制閥Activated By a Push-Pull Button (manual)推拉鈕調節(jié)（手動）推拉鈕調節(jié)（手動）26Control Valve控制閥Activated By a Lever (manual)操縱桿調節(jié)（手動）操縱桿調節(jié)（手動）27Control Valve控制閥Activated By a Pedal (manual)踏板調節(jié)（手動）踏板調節(jié)（手動）28Control Valve控制閥Activated By an Electric Solenoid (electrical)電磁線圈調

11、節(jié)（電動）電磁線圈調節(jié)（電動）29Control Valve控制閥Activated By an Electric PWM Solenoid (electrical)可調電磁線圈調節(jié)（電動）可調電磁線圈調節(jié)（電動）30Control Valve控制閥Activated by Pilot Pressure 液壓調節(jié)液壓調節(jié)31Control Valve控制閥With Spring Return (mechanical)彈簧復位（機械）彈簧復位（機械）32Control Valve控制閥(Holds Valve in position) - Device for maintaining a giv

12、en position (mechanical)保持閥的位置保持閥的位置-由裝置設定位置（機械）由裝置設定位置（機械）With Detent定位凹槽定位凹槽3334Hydraulic Cylinders液壓油缸 Equipment to convert hydraulic energy into linear energy and in which the fluid pressure operates alternately in both directions (forward and backward) 油缸將液壓能轉化為線性能量，提供一條線上交替的兩個方向的工作壓力（向前和向后）。35

13、Hydraulic Cylinder液壓油缸Double Acting; Unequal Displacement (with single piston rod)雙動；不平衡位移（單個活塞桿）。3637Bucket Ejector Cylinder鏟斗油缸有桿腔一側無桿腔一側Hydraulic Cylinder液壓油缸Double Ended, Equal Displacement each end (with single piston rod)雙頭，兩端位移平衡（單個活塞桿）。38Filter過濾器Strainer or Screen - For fluid conditioning濾網(wǎng)

14、或篩子-用于液體過濾39Filter 過濾器Strainer or Screen - For fluid conditioning with bypass濾網(wǎng)或篩子-用于帶旁通的液體過濾4041Medium Pressure Filter with BypassVented and Filtered Reservoir通風口和過濾油箱通風口和過濾油箱Reservoir open to atmosphere油箱處于常壓下4243Breather Filter 呼吸過濾器Dust Indicator污染指示器Pressurized, Vented and Filtered Reservoir受到壓

15、力的通風口和過濾油箱Pressurized Reservoir充壓油箱44Oil Cooler油冷器油冷器Heat Exchanger - The arrows in the diamond indicate the extraction of heat (heat dissipation)熱交換器-菱形中的箭頭表示散熱4546Heat Excharger熱交換器Hot Oil In 熱油進Cool Oil Out冷油出Cool Water In 冷水進Hot Water Out熱水出Relief Valve溢流閥溢流閥When the Inlet pressure overcomes the

16、 opposing force of the spring, the valve opens permitting flow to the return port當進口壓力超過彈簧的反作用力時，閥將打開，當進口壓力超過彈簧的反作用力時，閥將打開，允許回流。允許回流。Pressure Oil帶壓油帶壓油 Return Oil回油回油4748Pressure Reducing Valve減壓閥When the Outlet pressure overcomes the opposing force of the spring, the valve closes stopping flow to t

17、he return port當出口壓力超過彈簧的反作用力時，閥將關閉，當出口壓力超過彈簧的反作用力時，閥將關閉，停止回流。停止回流。Pressure Oil帶壓油帶壓油 Reduced Pressure Oil減壓后的油減壓后的油49Check Valve單向閥(Check Valve) - Used as Replenishing Valve, Load Check Valve or Anti-cavitation Valve - Opens if the Inlet pressure is higher than the Outlet pressure. Often contains in

18、ternal spring which has no significant pressure value單向閥-當進口壓力大于出口壓力時，閥打開。一般內含壓力不大的彈簧。5051Check Valve單向閥Check Valve單向閥(Pilot Operated Check Valve) Pilot operated check opens return path for oil when pressure is applied to the other line. 液壓控制單向閥-當另一油路施加壓力時，單向閥旁路回油。52Restriction節(jié)流口Line with Fixed res

19、triction - Affected by Viscosity (property of resistance to flowing fluid)油路有固定節(jié)流口-受液體粘性（流體的阻力性能）影響。53節(jié)流孔 用于流量調節(jié)以達到執(zhí)行元件的速度控制Variable Adjustment Restriction可調節(jié)的節(jié)流口Regulated or Variable Restriction可調節(jié)流口Variable as indicated by the diagonal arrow 斜箭頭表示可變54One Way Restrictor Valve單向節(jié)流閥單向節(jié)流閥(Non-Return V

20、alve with Restriction) - Unit allowing free flow in one direction but restricted flow in the other direction帶節(jié)流的單向閥-允許沿一個方向的自由流動，反方向則受到節(jié)流。5556One Way Restrictor Valve 單向節(jié)流閥Shuttle Valve梭閥The Inlet port connected to the higher pressure is automatically connected to the Outlet port while the other Inl

21、et port is closed 當某一進口壓力高于另一進口時，自動連接該高壓力進口到出口，同時關閉另一進口。Out出口出口In進口進口In進口進口5758123Shuttle valve梭閥“3”to“2” or “1”to“2”Differential Pressure Switch壓差開關Switch activates when pressure difference reaches specified level 當壓力差到達指定值時，開關啟動59Muffler消聲器Silencer - Reduces noise消聲器-降低噪音6061LH203消音器62Relationship

22、 of F, P, A F, P, A的關系F (Force) = PoundsP (Pressure) = PSIA (Area) = Square InchesAFPAPFPFA F（力）=磅P（壓強）=PSIA（面積）=平方英寸63Definitions概念概念 the amount of force a fluid (liquid or gas) exerts against a specific area. Measured in PSI or kPa.壓強壓強-單位面積上受到的流體（液體或者氣體）的壓力。單位是磅單位面積上受到的流體（液體或者氣體）的壓力。單位是磅/平方英寸平方英寸(PSI)或者千帕或者千帕(KPa)。 is an action that is created when a push or pull is initiated.壓力壓力-當推或拉時產生的作用。當推或拉時產生的作用。movement of a fluid. Flow Rate is measured in GPM or L/min.流動流動-液體的運動。流動速率的單位是加侖液體的運動。流動速率的單位是加侖/分鐘分鐘(GPM)或升或升/分鐘分鐘(L/min)。64Force= 100 lbs.Area=