2021年高考英語學業(yè)水平測試一輪復習閱讀理解第Ⅱ題專題一事實細節(jié)類題目

1、.下載后可自行編輯修改，頁腳下載后可刪除。第題閱讀理解專題一事實細節(jié)類題目 命題特點 針對原文具體表達本身設問，可以直接或間接的從文中找到答案，常以who，which ，what，where 等設問。 考察重點 (1) 直接理解題 ( 信息可在原文中直接找到答案) 。(2) 語意轉化題 ( 需要將題目信息與原文相關信息進展語意上的轉換) 。 方法技巧 1查讀法(1) 速讀全文，明確段落中心句，掌握大意。(2) 按文章體裁、作者組材方式尋找關鍵信息詞。(3) 找到細節(jié)，認真推敲甚至計算等。2按組材模式閱讀( 常見模式 ) (1) 列舉型：抓住作者所舉事例。(2) 時間、空間型：掌握具體的時間、地

2、點。(3) 分類、例證型：掌握例證的事實細節(jié)，以便得到答案。(4) 程序型：理清說明事物的順序，從而得出答案。(5) 因果分析型：理清因果關系，從而推出答案。(6) 比擬、比照型：通過比擬，比照事實細節(jié)，找到答案。(7) 留意不含阿拉伯數(shù)字，但代表時間或數(shù)量的單詞。如：at dawn(黎明時 ) ，score(20)，fortnight(14 days) ，century(100 years) ，quarter (14/15 minutes)，decade(10years)，a season(3 months)， week(7days) ，couple (2個 ) ，double/double

3、d(翻倍 ) ，multiplied(乘) ，be divided(除以 ) ，average( 平均 ) ，sum(求和 ) ，in all(總共 ) 。passage 1 last nights meteording to gabe rothschild, emerald valleys mayor, people .下載后可自行編輯修改，頁腳下載后可刪除。gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passin

4、g through the sky.what they found instead was a sky so brightened by the citys lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead. “my family was so frustrated， admitted town resident duane cosby. “we wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to be a huge d

5、isappointment.astronomers scientists who study stars and planetshave been complaining about this problem for decades.they say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.they call on people and the government to take measures to figh

6、t against it. there is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution. this population consists of birds, bats, frogs ，snakes ，etc.for example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating (遷徙的 )birds.according to the international darksky

7、 association， “ 100 million birds a year throughout north america die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers. countless more animal casualties，people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans，too.they worry that exposure to light whil

8、e sleeping can increase a persons chances of getting cancer. emerald valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution.for years, flagstaff, arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the lowell observatory.si

9、milar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night. 【語篇解讀】本文是一篇科普文，主要介紹了城市的光污染對日常生活、天文學家的工作以及動物的生活都產生了消極的影響。在flagstaff，arizona已經采取了燈光管理措施。1it happened last night that _a. the citys

10、 lights affected the meteor watching bthe meteors flew past before being noticed cthe city light show attracted many people dthe meteor watching ended up a social outing .下載后可自行編輯修改，頁腳下載后可刪除。解析： 根據(jù)第一段最后一句“ .so brightened by the citys lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.

11、可知，昨天晚上由于城市的燈光太亮，影響了人們觀看流星。應選a。答案： a 2what do the astronomers complain about? ameteor showers occur less often than before. btheir observation equipment is in poor repair. clight pollution has remained unsolved for years. dtheir eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting. 解析：根據(jù)第三段“ .have been co

12、mplaining about this problem for decades. they say that light pollution prevents them from.可知，天文學家多年來一直在抱怨光污染問題未解決。應選c。答案： c 3what is the author concerned about according to paragraph 4? abirds may take other migration paths. banimals living habits may change suddenly. cvarieties of animals will bec

13、ome sharply reduced. danimals survival is threatened by outdoor lighting. 解析：根據(jù)第四段第一、 二句“ .that suffers even more from light pollution. this population consists of birds, bats, frogs, snakes, etc. 以 及 本 段 最 后 一 句“. 100 million birds a year throughout.die in crashes wit h lighted buildings and towers

14、. 可知，作者第四段主要表達的是動物也受到了光污染的影響，甚至它們的生存也受到了影響。應選d。答案： d 4lighting regulations in flagstaff, arizona are put into effect to_alessen the chance of getting cancer bcreate an ideal observation condition censure citizens a good sleep at night denable all creatures to live in harmony 解析：根據(jù)第六段第二句“.has enforce

15、d lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at.可知，這條規(guī)定是為了給天文學家的工作創(chuàng)造理想的觀察條件。應選b 。答案： b 5what message does the author most want to give us? .下載后可自行編輯修改，頁腳下載后可刪除。asaving wildlife is saving ourselves. bgreat efforts should be made to save energy. chuman activities should be environ

16、mentally friendly. dnew equipment should be introduced for space study. 解析： 根據(jù)整篇文章的表達，作者主要描述了城市的光污染對人們生活、工作以及動物的生存造成的影響，因此作者在文中呼吁我們人類的活動應該對環(huán)境有利。應選c。答案： c passage 2 studying volcanoes is a demanding profession. hazel rymer frequently has to struggle through rainforests, climb to the top of mountains,

17、 then climb 200 metres into the crater of active volcanoes. but the 38 year old volcanologist does her best to make it sound less alarming than it is. “driving to work is more risky ，she insists. “and the deepest i go into the crater of a volcano is about 300 metres ， she adds, trying to make it all

18、 sound as ordinary as taking the dog for a walk. hazel has been studying volcanoes for a long time, so its not surprising she is used to the danger. her interest in volcanoes began at school. a teacher gave her a book about pompeii. “i remember reading about the eruption of vesuvius and the destruct

19、ion of the city ， she explains. “ the thought of all those people just frozen in time had quite an effect on me and i am still excited by their dangerous beauty today.nowadays, volcanoes are getting more and more unpredictable. there have been many changes in sea level caused by global warming and m

20、elting ice caps. these have resulted in some dormant volcanoes erupting, so studying them is more dangerous than ever before. hazel says that although she doesnt take any unnecessary risk, she has had some frightening moments. her worst experience was on the slopes of mount etna in sicily, when she

21、was slowly surrounded by lava. “i had a choice of walking ten hours to get around the lava flow or just walking across it， she explains. she chose to pick a path across the cooler rocks in the lava stream. “i guess it was five metres. the flow was 1，000c, so if you hesitated, your boots would begin

22、to melt. it was scary, but it really was a practical decisionthere wasnt time to do anything else.and what about the future? “i havent been to the volcanoes in indonesia yet. and i would love to spend some time working in the antarctic， she says. “i would .下載后可自行編輯修改，頁腳下載后可刪除。also like to know why q

23、uiet lava flows erupt from some volcanoes and why other volcanoes go bang. in other words, hazel rymer wont be exchanging her volcanoes for the relative safety of driving to work just yet. 【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了火山學家hazel rymer 的一些關于火山的研究活動。盡管研究火山充滿不可預測的風險，但是hazel 也不會改變自己的選擇。1hazels claim that “ driving to wo

24、rk is more risky than exploring volcanoes shows that _apeople have exaggerated the dangers of volcanoes in the past bhazel does not really understand the dangerous situations she puts herself in cthere are many bad drivers in the place where hazel lives dhazel is being modest and understating the da

25、ngers she faces 解析：由此句話的前一句“but the 38year old volcanologist does her best to make it sound less alarming than it is.以及此句話可知，hazel rymer說開車上班比對火山進展研究更危險可推斷出，她是以一種謙虛的說法淡化其面臨的危險。答案： d 2when did hazel first become interested in volcanoes? awhen she was visiting italy. bwhen she was at school. cwhen she

26、 was twenty. dwhen she saw vesuvius. 解析：由第二段第二句“her interest in volcanoes began at school.可知她在讀書時就對火山感興趣。答案： b 3the underlined word “these (in paragraph 3) refers to “_amelting ice caps bvolcanic eruptions cchanges in sea level dhigher temperatures 解析：由畫線詞的前一句話“there have been many changes in sea le

27、vel caused by global warming and melting ice caps.可知畫線詞應該指的是海平線的變化。答案： c 4when hazel was on mount etna, she had to _atake a dangerous route btake an unnecessary risk cleave her boots behind .下載后可自行編輯修改，頁腳下載后可刪除。dwalk for ten hours around the mountain 解析：由第三段最后幾句“i had a choice of walking ten hours t

28、o get around the lava flow or just walking across it， she explains.she chose to pick a path across the cooler rocks in the lava stream.i guess it was five metres.the flow was 1，000 ， so if you hesitated, your boots would begin to melt.it was scary, but it really was a practical decision there wasnt

29、time to do anything else.可知她選擇了從熔巖流中走過，而這是一條危險的路。答案： a 5in the future, hazel wants to _arevisit volcanoes she knows bgo on holiday to the antarctic cfind a less dangerous job ddiscover new things about volcanoes 解析：由最后一段內容“.i would also like to know why quiet lava flows eruptfrom some volcanoes and

30、why other volcanoes go bang.可知， hazel 將繼續(xù)對火山進展研究，并發(fā)現(xiàn)一些新的東西。答案： d passage 3 online clothes shoppers will be told exactly what size is best, for them using new software which combines with their webcam or smart phone to form a “3d tape measure. scientists from surrey university and design experts from

31、 the london college of fashion are developing a programme which can take precise waist, hip, chest and other measurements from camera images. using the persons height as a starting point, the software will be able to build up and estimate their size at various different points on the body, based on

32、their overall proportions. the result will be a more accurate sizing guide than previous systems based on the waist size or a “ small/medium/large scale, which rely on limited measurements and the buyers perception of their own body size. shoppers and retailers(零售商 ) who choose to sign up for the pr

33、oject could save millions of pounds a year in postage costs by removing the need to order multiple sizes of the same garment(服裝 ) and send back ill fitting clothes, researchers claimed. .下載后可自行編輯修改，頁腳下載后可刪除。the project, sponsored by the engineering and physical sciences research council(epsrc), is e

34、xpected to be brought to market within two years. after choosing an item, the shopper will activate the software, enter their height, stand in front of their webcam or smart phone in their underwear and take a photograph. the software will not store or transmit the image to the internet, but will us

35、e it to judge the persons dimensions at various points on their body. philip delamore of the london college of fashion said, “ the potential benefits for the fashion industry and for shoppers are huge. currently, its common for online shoppers to order two or three different sizes of the same item o

36、f clothing at the same time, as theyre unsure which one will fit best.【語篇解讀】英國薩里大學科學家和倫敦時裝學院設計專家共同開發(fā)的一款3d軟件可以根據(jù)用戶上傳的照片準確測量出用戶的腰圍、臀圍、 胸圍等關鍵尺寸，以幫助用戶選定最適合的服裝。1what is the essential part of a “3d tape measure ？aa software. ba webcam. ca microphone. da smart phone. 解析：通讀全文以及第一段“.for them using new softwa

37、re which combines with their webcam or smart phone to form a 3d tape measure 可知文章主要介紹了一款能實現(xiàn)3d量體的軟件，因此選a項。答案： a 2what can we learn about the “ 3d tape measure ？ait will store or transmit the image to the internet. bit is based on the buyers perception of their size. cit will be a coworking production

38、. dit uses a persons weight as a starting point. 解析：根據(jù)第二段“ scientists from surrey university and design experts from the london college of fashion are developing a programme.可知，這款軟件是科學家和設計專家共同研發(fā)的，因此選c項。答案： c 3 compared with the traditional sizing system, a “3d tape measure is_ aquicker bmore precise

39、 cmore beautiful dmore vivid .下載后可自行編輯修改，頁腳下載后可刪除。解析：根據(jù)第四段“ the result will be a more accurate sizing guide than previous systems based on the waist size or a small/medium /large scale.可知，此3d測量軟件比傳統(tǒng)軟件更準確，因此選b項。答案： b 4how can the “3d tape measure benefit online shoppers? aonline shoppers will get the

40、ir ordered garment in time. bonline shoppers will get their ordered garment more quickly. conline shoppers will get an ordered garment of high quality. donline shoppers will get an ordered garment to their measure. 解析：通讀全文可知，網(wǎng)購者使用文章中介紹的a “3d tape measure 來測量衣服的尺寸，能夠買到更符合自己型號的衣服，因此選d項。答案： d 5what is

41、the right order for a shopper to form a “3d tape measure ？to take a photo with a webcam to activate the software to enter his/her height to judge his or her size by analysing his or her image abcd解析：根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“after choosing an item, the shopper will activate the software, enter their height, stand in

42、front of their webcam or smart phone in their underwear and take a photograph.以及倒數(shù)第二段“ the software will not store or transmit the image to the internet, but will use it to judge the persons dimensions at various points on their body.可知這個工程首先激活軟件，然后測量其身高，再用網(wǎng)絡攝像機攝像，最后通過分析其影像來判斷其身材，故答案為c項。答案： c passag

43、e 4 the pacific island nation of nauru used to be a beautiful place.now it is an ecological disaster area.naurus heartbreaking story could have one good consequence other countries might learn from its mistakes. for thousands of years ，polynesian people lived in the remote island of nauru，far from w

44、estern civilization.the first european to arrive was john fearn in 1798.he was the british captain of the hunter, a whaling ship.he called the island pleasant island. .下載后可自行編輯修改，頁腳下載后可刪除。however, because it was very remote, nauru had little communication with europeans at first.the whaling ships an

45、d other traders began to visit it ，bringing guns and alcohol.these elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island.a tenyear civil war started，which reduced the population from 1 ，400 to 900. naurus real troubles began in 1899 when a british mining company discovered

46、phosphate( 磷酸鹽 )on the island.in fact ，it found that the island of nauru was nearly all phosphate ，which was a very important fertilizer for farming.the company began mining the phosphate. a phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground ； it is a strip mine.when a company discovers strip mining，it remo

47、ves the top layer of soil.then it takes away the material it wants.strip mining totally destroys the land.gradually, the lovely island of nauru started to look like the moon. in 1968， nauru became one of the richest countries in the world.every year the government received millions and millions of d

48、ollars for its phosphate. unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.in addition，they used millions more dollars for personal expenses.soon people realized that they had a terrible problem their phosphate was running out.ninety percent of their island was des

49、troyed and they had nothing.by 2000，nauru was financially ruined.experts say that it would take approximately$433，600，000 and more than 20 years to repair the island.this will probably never happen. 【語篇解讀】文章主要講述了太平洋島國瑙魯如何從一個環(huán)境優(yōu)美的天堂島變成一個生態(tài)失衡、滿目瘡痍的小島的故事。1what might be the authors purpose in writing th

50、e text? ato seek help for naurus problems. bto give a warning to other countries. cto show the importance of money. dto tell a heartbreaking story of a war. 解 析 ： 由 文 章 第 一 段 的 “ now it is an ecological disaster area.naurus heartbreaking story could have one good consequenceother countries might lea

51、rn from its mistakes.可以看出，作者的目的是給當前很多只注重開展經濟而忽略環(huán)境保護的國家一個警告。應選b項。答案： b 2what was nauru like before the europeans came? .下載后可自行編輯修改，頁腳下載后可刪除。arich and powerful. bmodern and open. cpeaceful and attractive. dgreedy and aggressive. 解析： 從第一段提到的 “太平洋上的國家瑙魯島曾經是一個美麗的地方看出，瑙魯島很吸引人； 由第二段第一句以及第三段第一句可知，上千年來， 瑙魯島的

52、人們生活在偏遠的小島上，過著平靜的生活。應選c項。答案： c 3the ecological disaster in nauru resulted from _. asoil pollution bphosphate overmining cfarming activity dwhale hunting 解析：最后一段的“ soon people realized that they had a terrible problem their phosphate was running out.ninety percent of their island was destroyed and th

53、ey had nothing.即“磷酸鹽逐漸減少，開采殆盡。由此可以看出，“磷酸鹽的過量開采導致了瑙魯島的生態(tài)災難。應選b項。答案： b 4which of the following was a cause of naurus financial problem? aits leaders misused the money. bit spent too much repairing the island. cits phosphate mining cost much money. dit lost millions of dollars in the civil war. 解析：由最后一

54、段的“ unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.in addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses. 看出，是領導人不正確地使用資金導致了財政問題。應選a項。答案： a 5what can we learn about nauru from the last paragraph? athe ecological damage is difficult to repair. bthe le

55、aders will take the experts words seriously. cthe island was abandoned by the nauruans. dthe phosphate mines were destroyed. 解析：文章最后告訴我們：experts say that it would take approximately $433，600，000 and more than 20 years to repair the island.也就是說，瑙魯島上的生態(tài)損失彌補起來需要大量的資金和時間，即選項所說的“修復起來很難。應選a項。.下載后可自行編輯修改，頁

56、腳下載后可刪除。答案： a passage 5 an “ apple polisher is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment. it is not exactly a bribe(賄賂 ), but is close to it. all sorts of people are “apple polishers， including politicians and people in high officesjust about everybody.oliver cromwell, the great eng

57、lish leader, offered many gifts to win the support of george fox and his party, but failed. there are other phrases meaning the same thing as “apple polishing“ softsoaping or “buttering up a gift is just one way to “soft soap somebody, or to “butter him up. another that is just as effective is flatt

58、ery, giving someone high praisetelling him how good he looks, or how well he speaks, or how talented and wise he is. endless are the ways of flattery. who does not love to hear it? only an unusual man can resist the thrill of being told how wonderful he is. in truth, flattery is good medicine for mo

59、st of us, who get so little of it. we need it to be more sure of ourselves. it cannot hurt unless we get carried away by it. but if we just lap it up for its good value and nourishment, as a cat laps up milk, then we can still remain true to ourselves. sometimes, however, flattery will get you nothi

60、ng from one who has had too much of it. a good example is the famous 12th century legend of king canute of denmark and england. the king got tired of listening to endless sickening flattery of his courtiers(朝臣 ). they overpraised him to the skies, as a man of limitless power. he decided to teach the