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1、(完整版)動詞不定式用法小結(jié)    動詞不定式用法 動詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化,在句中不能獨(dú)立作謂語。但動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞特征,在句中可以作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語、表語和狀語等多種成分。另外,動詞不定式具有動詞特點(diǎn),可以有自己的賓語和狀語,組成動詞不定式短語。動詞不定式的肯定形式是todo;其否定形式是not todo。 下面以動詞不定式在句中的作用來予以詳細(xì)說明。 1作主語 可以直接作主語。如: to see is to believe 但在英語中,常用it作形式主語,真正的主語即動詞不定式放在后面。如: it's wrong to

2、 play tricks on other people it's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy 點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律:動詞不定式在句中作主語時(shí),常放在it is adj(形容詞)to do sth或 it is n(名詞)to do sth句型中,it僅作形式主語。 2作賓語 awant,decide ,agree等動詞后面跟并且只能跟不定式。如: we agreed to start early she wants to be a doctor blove,like ,begin,start,hate ,prefer等詞后面可以

3、接不定式。 點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律:上述動詞后面除接不定式外,還可以接動名詞,意思無很大區(qū)別。 提示板:like doing指經(jīng)常性動作,而like to do指一次性的動作。如: i like swimming,but i don't like to swim now我喜歡游泳,但我現(xiàn)在不想游。 cstop,forget,remember,go on ,try等詞或短語后面可以接不定式。 點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律:上述動詞后面接不定式和接動名詞意思大不相同。 提示板: 1)stop to do sth:停止一件事,去做另一件事。 stop doing sth:停止正在做的事。 例句:when the teache

4、r came in,the students stopped talking;when he came out,the students stopped to talk 當(dāng)老師走進(jìn)來時(shí),學(xué)生們停止說話;當(dāng)老師走出去時(shí),學(xué)生們又開始說話。 2)思考:forget,remember,go on,try等詞或短語后面接不定式和動名詞用法有何區(qū)別? d在findfeelitadjto do sth句型中,it是形式賓語,真正的賓語是后面的動詞不定式。如: the man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep i feel it easy to re

5、cite the text 點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律:某些動詞或短語后面既可以接動詞不定式作賓語,又可接動名詞作賓語,二者用法上的區(qū)別可以通過造句子加以區(qū)分,如上面stop例句。 3作賓語補(bǔ)足語 atell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,warn,wish,help,get,wish,help等詞后面常接不定式作賓補(bǔ)。如: i tell him not to go there by bus edison's mother taught him to read and write blet,make,have,see,hear,feel,watch, notice后面接不帶to

6、的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。如: the boss makes them work 16 hours a day i heard her sing in the next room 提示板:若變成被動語態(tài),在上述結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式符號to要加上。如: they are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss she was heard to sing in the next room 4作定語:放在被修飾的名詞、代詞后面 例句:i have a lot of work to do the doctor said he could do nothing to help t

7、he boy 點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律:動詞不定式若在句中作定語,常放在被修飾的名詞、代詞之后。 提示板:如果動詞不定式和前面所修飾的詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系,若動詞是不及物動詞,切記不要忘掉介詞。如: i have a small bedroom to live in have you got some pens to write with 5表語:放在連系動詞be后面 例句:his wish is to become a scientist the first important thing is to save the soldiers' lives 當(dāng)務(wù)之急是搶救戰(zhàn)士們的生命。 點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律:動詞不定式在句

8、中作表語時(shí),通常對連系動詞前面的名詞進(jìn)行詮釋說明。 6作狀語 a目的狀語:放在go,come,use,live,in order等詞后面。如: i come to see you he runs fast in order to get there in time b原因狀語:放在sorry,glad,surprised, disappointed,excited等詞后面。如: i am glad to see you here i am sorry to trouble you c作結(jié)果狀語。如: some of the apples are hard to reach the room i

9、s large enough to hold 1000 people 7與what,who,whose,when,where, how等疑問詞連用,作賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、主語等。 如: i don't know what to do next(賓語) he taught us how to use the computer(賓語補(bǔ)足語) it's still a question how to get there(主語)    【模擬試題】(答題時(shí)間:30分鐘)    一. 選擇填空:    1. h

10、e asked me _ here earlier.    a. come         b. to come             c. coming             d. came    2. pleas

11、e tell him _ on the wall.    a. dont draw        b. to not draw        c. not to draw              d. not draw    3. he wanted _ a cup

12、of tea.    a. to have              b. having        c. have          d. had    4. id like _ a word with you.   

13、; a. had            b. having        c. to have              d. have    5. i came here _ my uncle.    a. saw &

14、#160;         b. to see         c. seeing        d. to be seen    6. the man refused (拒絕)_ back his words.    a. to take      

15、;        b. taking         c. took           d. takes    7. i can let you _ one ticket.    a. to have       &#

16、160;      b. have           c. having        d. had    8. we often heard him _ in his room.    a. to sing         &

17、#160;    b. sings          c. sang          d. sing    9. he was made _ day and night.    a. work         b. working 

18、60;          c. to work             d. worked    10. he stopped _ a look, but saw nothing.    a. having        b. to have 

19、60;            c. have          d. had    11. my father was too angry _ a word.    a. to say        b. not to say   

20、0;      c. to saying           d. didnt say    12. my brother was old enough _ to school.    a. went          b. goes     

21、60;     c. going         d. to go    13. it is time _ him _ supper.    a. of, to have         b. for, to have        c. of, having 

22、;         d. for, to has    14. its very kind _ you _ me.    a. of, to help         b. for, to help         c. of, help     &

23、#160;       d. of, helping    15. its important _ our classroom clean every day.    a. kept           b. to keep             

24、 c. to give              d. keep    16. before liberation (解放)they had no chance _ to school.    a. went          b. go       

25、;       c. to go          d. to be gone    17. he said he had an important meeting _.    a. attend        b. would attend      

26、60;      c. attending           d. to attend    18. please give me a piece of paper _.    a. to write             b. to write on &

27、#160;       c. writing              d. to write it    19. i dont know _.    a. what do            b. what will do &

28、#160;            c. what to do         d. do what    20. your radio needs _.    a. to be repaired     b. to repair      

29、      c. repaired             d. to repairing    21. my wish is _ a teacher.    a. becoming          b. to become    

30、60;    c. become             d. became    22. i want _ him a letter now.    a. to write             b. not write    

31、;       c. write          d. wrote    23. it took us three days _ the trees.    a. plant          b. planted       

32、       c. to plant             d. plants    24. why not _ here _ me?    a. to come, to see      b. come, to see       c. came

33、, seeing       d. come, see    25. he wishes me _ my best _ hard at english.    a. to do, to work      b. doing, working      c. to do, working     d. do,

34、work    26. please tell me _ her. i have something _ her.    a. where to find, telling         b. where to find, to tell    c. where can find, to tell        d. where finding,

35、 telling    27. how happy they are _ each other again!    a. to see         b. see             c. saw           d. being

36、 seen    28. they decided (決心)_ a letter _ their thanks.    a. to write, expressing(表達(dá))    b. writing, express    c. write, expressed    d. to write, to express    29. the officer ordered (命令)him _ down _ a res

37、t.    a. lying, have    b. to lie, to have     c. to lie, having     d. lie, had    30. the headmaster called on (號召)us _ hard for our country.    a. to work      &#

38、160;      b. worked             c. work         d. to working    二. 根據(jù)上句意思完成下句,使兩句意思相近或相同,每空一詞。    1. he was so angry that he couldnt say anythin

39、g.       he was too angry _ _ anything.    2. i dont know when we will have the meeting.       i dont know when _ _ the meeting.    3. he said he would write a letter.       he said he

40、would have a letter _ _.    4. that you read english in the morning is very important.       it is very important _ you _ _ english in the morning.    5. he was so strong that he could lift the stone. (石頭)      

41、; he was strong _ _ _ the stone.    6. his father went to beijing for his holiday.       his father went to beijing _ _ his holiday.    7. they got up early so that they could get there in time.       they got up ea

42、rly _ _ _ _ there in time.    8. his brother decided that he would buy the book.       his brother decided _ _ the book.    9. he hopes that he can visit the great wall.       he hopes _ _ the great wall.  

43、0; saw him go into the room.       he was seen _ _ into the room.    made him work five hours a day.       he was made _ _ five hours a day.    you want to say anything for yourself?    

44、0;  do you have anything _ _ for yourself?    dont know what we shall do next.       we dont know what _ _ next.    m very sorry on hearing the bad news.       im very sorry _ _ the bad news.    stopped and had a look at me.    &

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