北京大學(xué)英文廣播電視新聞采寫課PPTLecture 3 The Body of an Inverted Pyramid Style Story

1、writing and reporting for the print media by shang jinghualecture three the body of an inverted pyramid style story the inverted pyramid style writing the second paragraph avoid leapfrogging continue with the news names, namesdull, dull background: too much too soon improving your later paragraphsth

2、e body of a news story improving your sentences avoid choppy sentence ignore the routine and unimportant transitions conclusions your final stepthe inverted pyramid structurebackleadelaboration of leadaction detailspersonal accountother detailswho, what, when, where are must (at least in simple form

3、 to be elaborated upon later)backgroundwhy / how should be included / hinted whenever possibleit is important that people involved in news stories be identified as fully as possible, including name, age, address and occupation, when relevantrequirements: a b c accuracy, brevity, claritywriting the s

4、econd paragraph avoid leapfrogging provide a one-or-two-word transition from the lead to a name in the second paragraph. a 55-year old man wept wednesday after a circuit court jury found him not guilty of burglary and sexual battery. gary lee phillips was arrested two months ago. revised: a 55-year

5、old man wept wednesday after a circuit court jury found him not guilty of burglary and sexual battery. the defendant, gary lee phillips, was arrested two months ago.writing the second paragraph avoid leapfrogging the norfolk city council has denied former mayors request for the annexation and re-zon

6、ing of 19 acres located along highway 50. e. e. “sparky” dawson threatened to sue the city. revised: the norfolk city council has denied former mayors request for the annexation and re-zoning of 19 acres located along highway 50. the former mayor, e. e. “sparky” dawson, threatened to sue the city.ba

7、ckcontinue with the news provide more information about the topic summarized in your lead. do not shift to a different topic. “no nation depends more upon its news media, and no media have more influence,” marty cirocca said. cirocca added that this small group of people decides which stories millio

8、ns of americans will receive each day. revised: “no nation depends more upon its news media, and no media have more influence,” marty cirocca said. “unfortunately,” cirocca continued, “a small group of people located primarily in new york, controls the most influential media, and that small group de

9、cides which stories millions of americans will receive each day. continue with the news corvallis, ore. the police spend more of their time responding to domestic squabbles than to any other type of call. merritt tendall has been the police chief in corvallis for 15 years. he has seen a lot of wreck

10、s and a lot of crimes, but says he never wanted any other job. revised: corvallis, ore. the police spend more of their time responding to domestic squabbles than to any other type of call. “we hated those calls,” says police chief merritt tendall. “you never know what to expect. we settle most of di

11、sputes in a few minutes. but people get angry and irrational, and some take their anger out on us. ive been the police chief here for 15 years, and its my biggest problem.” backnames names dull dull emphasize the news what the sources said, saw or did not who they are. a construction worker was kill

12、ed monday afternoon when a gust of wind toppled the frame for a new apartment building on conway road. julian prevatte, a carpenter for john mccormack & sons, was an eyewitness to the accident. revised: a construction worker was killed monday afternoon when a gust of wind toppled the frame for a

13、 new apartment building on conway road. julian prevatte, a carpenter at the site, said he tried to warn the victim when the frame began to collapse, but the noise made by a saw drowned out his shouts. “delayed identification” example washington d. c. teenagers are more than twice as likely as adults

14、 to be victims of rape, robbery and assault, according to a government report issued sunday. the study shows that more than 60 of every 1,000 teenagers are victims of violent crime each year, compared to just 27 of every 1,000 adults. the study also found that teenagers were nearly twice as likely a

15、s adults to be victimized by theft. the teenage rate of theft was 123 per 1,000 compared to 65 per 1,000 for adults. the report by the justice departments bureau of justice statistics was compiled from twice-a-year surveys of 49,900 householdsbackbackground: too much too soon avoid devoting your ent

16、ire second paragraph to background information. a state law designed to help police officers find hit-and-run drivers went into effect at 12:01 a.m. today. the law was passed by the state legislature during its last session and was signed by the government. background: too much too soon “rape is the

17、 most difficult crime to solve because of the insensitive treatment given to victims.” district attorney russell grant said during a seminar held last night at the ymca. the seminar, the fourth presented in the country during the last year, was sponsored by the rape prevention center, 1015 5th ave.,

18、 which offers consoling to rape victims and encourages them to prosecute their assailants. background: too much too soon - a good example the american space program suffered its first airborne disaster yesterday when the shuttle challenger exploded 74 seconds after liftoff from cape canaveral, fla.,

19、 killing all seven members of a crew that include school teacher christa mcauliffe. authorities at the kenney space center said nothing seemed amiss until fire engulfed the $1.2 billion vehicle some 8 miles southeast of the launch pad. one official of the national aeronautics and space administrate

20、said the explosion came “unexpectedly and with absolutely no warning.” backimproving your later paragraphs each paragraph should present only one idea or unit of thought. living with his cousin has helped faisal adjust to american norms. he added, “we often cook middle east dishes and invite our fri

21、ends over to our apartment. revised: faisal said living with his cousin has helped him adjust to american norms. he explained: “l(fā)ife is so much freer here than in the middle east. my cousin explains your ways to me and shows me what to do.” they often cook middle east dishes and invite american frie

22、nds to their apartment. improving your later paragraphs avoid generalities that have to be explained in a later paragraph. she described the life she observed in new zealand. revised: she said life in new zealand is relaxed and carefree. he also talked about the economic hardships faced by unwed mot

23、hers. revised: he said 80 percent of unwed mothers under the age of 18 drop out of high school, and 84 percent become dependent on welfare. improving your later paragraphs avoid reporting details within each paragraph in chronological order, especially if not reporting the overall story in chronolog

24、ical order. the construction of a recreational center will be delayed six to nine months because the bids were $260,000 more than budget for the work. the city had allocated 1.24 million for the work, but the lowest bid was $1.5 million. the mayor said that the city official will “have to go back ov

25、er the plans with our architects and eliminate some of the options to lower its cost.” improving your later paragraphs the second witness called by the prosecutor was naoman chrzan, a private investigator. chrzan testified that mrs. ehren hired him to follow her husband. “she thought her husband was

26、 seeing another woman,” chrzan said. “she wanted me to find out who she was.” chrzan said he never found another woman. but just two weeks before her husbands murder, mrs. ehren asked chrzan for a gun. revised: a private investigator, naoman chrzan, testified that mrs. ehren asked him for a gun just

27、 two weeks before her husbands murder. chrzan said mrs. ehren hired him to follow her husband. “she thought her husband was seeing another woman,” he testified. “she wanted me to find out who she was.” but chrzan never found another woman. back improving your sentences (a brief review) write natural

28、ly, the way you talk. be clear and direct. use shortened sentences. dont cram too many ideas into one sentence. if the ideas are unrelated, even a very short sentence may have to be rewritten. born in new hampshire, he has red hair. petrowski, who has a wife and six daughters, was elected by only 27

29、 votes: 382,917 to 382,890.backavoid choppy sentence some variety is necessary to keep paragraphs from becoming too choppy and repetitive. the youth was sentenced to prison at 9:45 a.m. today. the judge was c. r. revere. the youths attorney immediately appealed his conviction. the state court of app

30、eals reversed the sentence. the youth was freed at 4:45 p.m. revised: judge c. r. revere sentenced the youth to prison at 9:45 a.m. today, but his attorney immediately appealed the conviction. the state court of appeals reversed judge reveres decision, and the youth was freed at 4:45 p.m.back ignore

31、 the routine and unimportant avoid reporting what has not happened. avoid the temptation to mention that: no one was hurt. no one was killed. no one was arrested. no one was able to describe the thief. ignore the routine and unimportant eliminate the following sentences because they state the obviou

32、s. police are looking for the thief. fire fighters called to the scene quickly extinguished the flames. of the 34 homicides in the city last year, five have not been solved. the police hope to change that. ignore the routine and unimportant avoid obvious and nonsensical statements that are ludicrous

33、. margaret c. scott, a retired teacher who died of heart attack, left her estate to the relatives who survived her. “i dont think id want to go through that again,” a 23-year-old woman said after being tortured and raped. backtransitions provide transitions: relate new ideas by repeating a key name

34、or pronoun, or key words, ideas and phrases.transitions good example richard nolles, editor of the weekly outlook, said the newspaper tries to report the truth even when its readers do not want to hear it. “a newspaper that reports only what its readers want to hear is dodging its moral obligations,

35、” nolles said. in a speech wednesday, nolles added that many readers want to avoid unpleasant news and threaten to cancel their subscriptions when he reports it. “but if a problem exists, they need to know about it so they can correct it,” he said. “ignorant citizens cant make wise decisions.” trans

36、itions good example sycamore trees are sprouting along main street in the first phase of an effort to make the downtown shopping district more attractive and comfort for pedestrians.the trees will line main street for five blocks between jefferson and jackson avenues, according to daisy lemkuehl of

37、the downtown development board.“well choose sycamore trees because theyre deciduous,” lemkuehl said. “in the summer theyll provide shade. in the winter theyll lose their leaves and let the sun warm the streets.”lemkuehl said the city council provided the money, and all the trees will be planted with

38、in a week.in addition to the trees, lemkuehl said the sidewalks in the five-block stretch of main street will be widened and paved with red brick.“we expect to start with the brick sidewalks in a month or so,” lemkuehl said. transitions - linkage words linkage words: again, also, furthermore, moreov

39、er, therefore comparisons: likewise, similarly contrasts: however, conversely, but, nevertheless geographical locations: in the state capitol, at their home, on main street time: earlier, later, before, after, next winter transitions - transitional sentences a good transitional sentence often summar

40、izes the topic it introduces, revealing whatever was said or done about it. he also discussed the television coverage of the presidents funeral. revised: he said the television coverage of the presidents funeral was misleading.transitions - transitional sentences he also talked about the citys schoo

41、ls. revised: he said the citys schools are too old and overcrowded. later, he discussed the other advantages of living in the south. revised: later, he said that people living in the south enjoy a milder climate, lower taxes and newer, less crowded cities. transitions - questions as transitions the

42、questions should be short and should be immediately followed by their answers. example where does she get the ideas for her books? “people,” she said. “most people can give you a good story. and i talk to everyone.”transitions - questions as transitions example forty-seven percent of the students enrolled in the university will earn a degree within the next six years, according to dr. robert mcmahon, director of the office of institutional research. what about the other 53 percent