初中英語(yǔ)6大時(shí)態(tài)

1、1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：用法:1現(xiàn)階段常常性，習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；例如： i get up at six every morning.he plays tennis once a week.2現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)；例如：my mother is a teacher. she teaches english in a school. 3）客觀真理；例如：the earth goes around the sun. 4）常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：often ，usually ， sometimes ，always ，every day ，never ，in the morning等連用時(shí)；構(gòu)成： 主語(yǔ)是 i, we,

2、 you, they 和名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)作謂語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞用原形；主語(yǔ)是he, she , it 和名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)的變法如下：一般情形s以 s, x, ch, sh,o 結(jié)尾 es以輔音 y 結(jié)尾變 y 為 i es主語(yǔ)為第三人稱和名詞單數(shù)時(shí)：確定式 :s+v/ 動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)否定式 :s+ don't/doesn't +v+其他疑問(wèn)式 :do/does+s+v+其他簡(jiǎn)略回答 :肯yes,s+do/does否no,s+do/does not留意： have 的第三人稱單數(shù)為 has主語(yǔ)肯 定 式否 定 式疑 問(wèn) 式第一、二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)以及i am a stude

3、nt.we/you/theyare students.he/ she is a student.i am not a student. we/you/theyarenot students.he/ she is not a student.are you a student.are you/ theystudents. is he/ she a student.名詞復(fù)數(shù)i / we/ you/ they/ dondt olikyeou/ they like music.i/we/ you/ they/like music.many people like music.music.manypeo

4、pledon t like music.domanypeoplelike music.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第一、二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)：確定式 :s + be +·否定式 :s+ be +not + ··1疑問(wèn)式 :am /is /are + s+簡(jiǎn)略回答 : 肯 yes,s + be.否 no,s + be.·.·練習(xí)題：1. - may i help you, sir.- yes, i bought the tv the day before yesterday, but it .a. didn t work b. doesn t work

5、c. won t workd. can t work 2 the bus until it .a. get off, stopsb. get off, will stopc. don t get off, stopsd. don t get off, will stop 3the 70-year-old man exercises in the morning.a. takesb. are takingc. tookd. will take2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用法：1）說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（動(dòng)作是在說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行）；例如：she is having a bath now.2）現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或

6、發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（但是動(dòng)作并不是必需在說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行）；例如：you are working hard today.kate wants to work in italy, so she is learning italian. the population of the world is growing very fast.3）頻度副詞 always, forever 等詞連用時(shí)，表示某種劇烈的感情；如：he is always trying out new ideas. 表示觀賞，夸獎(jiǎng) 4）表示按方案即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（僅限于go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly,

7、begin, stay等動(dòng)詞）；如：the party is beginning at 8:00 oclock.5 常用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：now ,look,listen 等；構(gòu)成：be+ v-ingv-ing 現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成：一般情形cook-cooking以不發(fā)音字母 e 結(jié)尾的單詞；去 e,加 ingmake-making, taste-tasting以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞， 末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí).run-running, stop-stopping,2確定句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句形式：確定句： s+be +v-ing否定句： s+be+not + v-ing一般疑問(wèn)句： isare

8、+s+v-ing？特別疑問(wèn)： wh_+ be + s + v-ing.e.g.主語(yǔ)肯 定 式否 定 式疑 問(wèn) 式2第一、二人稱和 第 三 人 稱復(fù) 數(shù) 以 及 名詞復(fù)數(shù)i am driving. he/she/it is working.we/you/theyaredoing something.i am not driving. he/she/it is not working. we/you/theyarenot doing anything.are you driving.is he/she/it working.areyou/theydoing something.練習(xí)題：1i don

9、 t think that it s true. she s lies.a. tellb. tellsc. tellingd. told2. how you with the new job.a. do, dob. do, get alongc. are, doingd. are, getting on 3- are these socks yours.- no. mine outside on the clothes line.a. are hangingb. have hungc. hangd. hung3一般將來(lái)時(shí)用法：1將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；例如：i will leave for beiji

10、ng tomorrow.2將要存在的狀態(tài)；例如：this time next year i will be in japan. where will you be.3準(zhǔn)備要做的事；例如：are you going to watch the film on television tonight.3) 常用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrownext weekin 2021等；構(gòu)成：1. 助動(dòng)詞 willshall+v2. be +goingto +v練習(xí)題：1. i for hong kong on saturday. will you go to see me off at the air

11、por？ta. am leavingb. am leftc. am going to leavingd. left2.i to see grandma and help her with some housework every week.a. cameb. am going comec. comed. will come 3.we chinese the olympic games in 2021.a. heldb. shall holdingc. are holdingd. are going to hold4一般過(guò)去時(shí)用法：1過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；例如：the police stopped m

12、e on my way home last night.32過(guò)去存在的狀態(tài)；例如：they weren't able to come because they were so busy.3. 常用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yesterday， three months ago，last year， in 1979，等；構(gòu)成：s+v-ed用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式；作謂語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞的詞尾變化如下：一般情形+ed以 e 字母結(jié)尾的輔音+d以輔音字母 y 結(jié)尾去 y 變 i ed重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母雙寫詞尾字母 +ed2）一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的確定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句形式（以be 和 like

13、 為例）：主語(yǔ)肯 定 式否 定 式疑 問(wèn) 式第一、二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)i was a student. we/you/ they were students.he/shewasa student.i/we/ you/ they/i was not a student. we/you/ they were not students.he/she was nota student.i/ we/ you/ they/didn t like music.were you a student.were you/ theystudents. was he/ she a student.did

14、you/ they like music. did many people like music.liked music.manypeopleliked music.manypeople didn t like music.練習(xí)題：1r. mott is out. but he here a few minutes ago.a. wasb. isc. will bed. would be 2-hi, tom.-hello, fancy. i you were here.a. don t knowb.won t thinkc. thinkd. didn t know 3he promised t

15、o tell me by himself when i .a. comeb. would comec. comed. had come5、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)概念：1過(guò)去某一階段或某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；例如：4this time last year i was living in brazil.what were you doing at 10 o'clock last night.2常用于過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：at four yesterday afternoon，then， at that time/moment 等；構(gòu)成：was / were +v-ing1） daddy promise

16、d me he me a computera. was boughtb. had boughtc boughtd. would buy 2） they said they do some sports if it was fine.a. were going tob. wentc. would goingd. were going6、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)概念：1表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果.常與 already, just, ever, never, before等詞連用 .如:she has never read this novel.2表示 “過(guò)去的動(dòng)作 ”始終連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能連續(xù)連續(xù)

17、下去. 常與 for后跟段時(shí)間 或 since后跟點(diǎn)時(shí)間 等連用 .如:i have been a member of the party for 10 years.i have been a member of the party since 10 years ago.注：在有 for 和 since 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子中不能用短暫性動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)用與之相應(yīng)的表示狀態(tài)的詞；如：he has died for 3 years.fhe has been dead for 3 years.t注：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間連用；如：in 1998, last morning 等have/has b

18、een to表示“去過(guò)”（去了又回來(lái)了） have/has gone to表示“去過(guò)”（去了沒(méi)回來(lái)了）如： where has she gone.句 中所指的人不在 where has she been.句 中作指的人在 構(gòu)成：have / has + v-ing 2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的確定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句形式（以be 和 see為例）：確定句 ： s+ have（has） +v-ed否定句： s+ have（ has）+not haven , htasn+tv-ed一般疑問(wèn)句： havehas+ s+v-ed+？特別疑問(wèn)句： wh_+havehas+ s+v-ed+ ？主語(yǔ)肯 定 式否 定 式

19、疑 問(wèn) 式5第一、二人稱和第三人稱 復(fù)數(shù)以及名 詞復(fù)數(shù)i/we/you/theyhave been here before.he/shehas beenhere before.i / we/ you/ they/ manyi /we/you/ they haven been here before.he/shehasn tbeenhere before .i /we/you/they/havt eyou/theybeen herebefore.hashe/shebeenhere before.have you/ they/ many peoplepeople have seen the film.manypeoplehaven tseen the film. seen the film.練習(xí)題：1.-how long he a fever.- ever since last night.a. have, gotb. have , hadc. have, caughtd. did, have 2.my bowl is empty. who all m