高考英語(yǔ)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞講解及習(xí)題(共5頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上2016高考專題之情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一、 基礎(chǔ)提高一、常見(jiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can 能 may 可以 will，would （表意愿）need 需要 dare 敢 must 必須 have to 不得不shall，should 應(yīng)該（表義務(wù)） ought to 應(yīng)該1.can，could 的用法1.1表能力，有“能”、“會(huì)”、“能夠”的意思例如：Can you drive a car? 你會(huì)開(kāi)車嗎？-Yes, I can. 我會(huì)。-No, I can't. 我不會(huì)。 1.2表允許，在口語(yǔ)中代替 may，有“可以”的意思例如：Can I use your bike?我可以用你

2、的自行車嗎？ 1.3表示可能性，常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句例如：Can it be true?那會(huì)是真的嗎？ Today is Sunday. He can't be at school.今天是星期天。他不可能在學(xué)校里。1.4過(guò)去式could表示的語(yǔ)氣更加委婉、客氣例如：Could I come to see you tomorrow?明天我可以來(lái)見(jiàn)你嗎？1.5 can 和 be able to 的比較1) can 只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài)(could)，其他時(shí)態(tài)要用be able to的形式例如：I haven't been able to get in touch wi

3、th her.我一直沒(méi)能和她聯(lián)系上。2) 通常can 和 be able to 可以互換例如：He will come if he can.如果可能的話，他一定會(huì)來(lái)。2.may，might的用法2.1表示許可或征求對(duì)方的許可，有“可以”的意思。例如：You may go now.你可以走了。May I use your computer?我用一下你的電腦可以嗎？2.2回答以may開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句有如下表達(dá)法：例如：May I smoke here? 我可以在這兒抽煙嗎？-Yes, you may. -Yes, please.-No, you can't. -No, you mustn

4、9;t.-No, you'd better not.2.3表示猜測(cè)，通常只用于陳述句例如：You may be right.你可能是對(duì)的。 2.4過(guò)去式might表示的語(yǔ)氣更加委婉、客氣例如：Might I use your pen for a while?我能用用你的鋼筆嗎？2.5在口語(yǔ)中can可以代替may表示許可，但can較隨便，may更正式例如：Can I use your bike, John?約翰，我可以用一下你的自行車嗎？ May I have a look at your license please, sir?先生，我可以看一下你的執(zhí)照嗎3.must 的用法3.1表義

5、務(wù)，“必須”例如：You must talk to them about their study.你必須同他們談?wù)勱P(guān)于他們學(xué)習(xí)的事。 3.2在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中表不許、禁止例如：You mustn't leave here.你不能離開(kāi)這兒。 3.3表堅(jiān)定的建議例如：You must come and see us as soon as you get to Shanghai.一到上海你就得馬上來(lái)見(jiàn)我們。 3.4表推測(cè)，暗含有很大的可能性例如：He must be ill. He looks so pale.他肯定是病了。他的臉色那么蒼白。注意may 暗含的可能性較小，must 暗含的可能性較大

6、。3.5關(guān)于must的簡(jiǎn)短回答：例如：Must I clean the dining room at once? 我必須馬上打掃餐廳嗎？-Yes, you must. -No, you needn't. -No, you don't have to.4.have to的用法have to 雖屬于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，但它有人稱、數(shù)的變化，它的疑問(wèn)句否定句的構(gòu)成也和其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有所不同。4.1 have to表客觀的需要和義務(wù)，must表主觀認(rèn)識(shí)例如：I missed the train, so I had to take a taxi.我沒(méi)搭上火車，所以我只得打的。4.2在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中

7、，have to多用助動(dòng)詞do構(gòu)成，must則直接提前或加not。例如：Did he have to do it?他得做那件事嗎？ He didn't have to do it.他不需要做那件事。4.3在否定句中，have to表示不需要，must表不允許。例如：You don't have to go there.你不需要去那兒。 You mustn't go there?你不可去那兒。4.4雖然must可以用在過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)中，但是have to更能直接了當(dāng)?shù)谋磉_(dá)過(guò)去時(shí)間概念。例如：She must see Hubert that very night.她必須在那個(gè)晚上

8、見(jiàn)到休伯特。 I had to leave at six yesterday.我得在昨天6點(diǎn)離開(kāi)。5.need 的用法need既可用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，又可用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，沒(méi)有數(shù)和人稱的變化，后接動(dòng)詞原形；作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有數(shù)的變化和人稱的變化，后接帶to的不定式。5.1用于否定句，表“不必”例如：You needn't worry.你不必?fù)?dān)心。 I don't think you need worry.我想你不必?fù)?dān)心。 5.2用于疑問(wèn)句，表“需要嗎”例如：Need you go? 你得去嗎？-No, I needn't. 不必。-Yes, I must. 是的，我必

9、須去。 5.3 need用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要注意始終以實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)貫徹到底例如：（正確）Do you need to go there?（錯(cuò)誤）Do you need go there?6.will和would的用法6.1 will，用于構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)是助動(dòng)詞。用于表示“意志”“決心”“請(qǐng)求”是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。would亦同理。例如：He'll be here this afternoon.今天下午他會(huì)來(lái)這兒。（助動(dòng)詞） Will you tell her that I'm here?請(qǐng)您告訴她說(shuō)我在這兒，好嗎？（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞） 6.2用于各種人稱，表示“意志”“決心”“允諾”例如：I wi

10、ll try.我愿一試。 6.3在疑問(wèn)句中用于第二人稱，提出請(qǐng)求或詢問(wèn)例如：If you want help， let me know, will you?如果你需要幫助，讓我知道，好嗎？ Will you type this, please?請(qǐng)打印這個(gè)，好嗎？ Won't you sit down?請(qǐng)坐下，好嗎？6.4 would比will客氣委婉例如：Would you help us, please?請(qǐng)您幫助我們，好嗎？（表請(qǐng)求） I'd go there with you.我要和你一塊到那兒去。（表意愿） Dad wouldn't allow it.爸爸不會(huì)允許

11、這件事。（表許可）7.shall和should的用法7.1 shall用于構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)是助動(dòng)詞，shall用于征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)，表示“決心”是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞例如：Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England this winter.可能今年冬天我會(huì)去英國(guó)觀光。（構(gòu)成一般將來(lái)時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞） Shall I turn on the light, Mom?媽媽，我把燈打開(kāi)好嗎？（用于征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞） I shall be there.我會(huì)到那兒去的。（表“決心”，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞） 7.2 should用于構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)是助動(dòng)詞。should用于表示“應(yīng)當(dāng)”“猜測(cè)”是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞例如：

12、We thought we should never see you again.我們以為再也見(jiàn)不到你了。（構(gòu)成一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞） I should write some letters tonight.今晚我得寫幾封信。（表“應(yīng)當(dāng)”，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞） They should be there by now.他們現(xiàn)在可能到了。（表“猜測(cè)”，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）8.ought to的用法ought to 表示應(yīng)該、理應(yīng)做什么例如：You ought to clean the classroom , for it is your turn today.你應(yīng)該把教室打掃了，因?yàn)榻裉焓悄阒等铡?.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示“

13、推測(cè)”的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示“推測(cè)”時(shí)，要記住以下兩種推測(cè)和形式推測(cè)：對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的推測(cè)；對(duì)現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)的推測(cè)。兩種形式：用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加完成時(shí)態(tài)表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的推測(cè)；用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原型表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在發(fā)生動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的推測(cè)。具體用法如下：9.1 must have done表示過(guò)去一定做了什么，語(yǔ)氣十分肯定例如：You must have finished your work.你一定完成了你的工作。9.2 cant have done表示過(guò)去不可能做了什么，語(yǔ)氣也比較肯定(是上面的否定形式)例如：He cant have gone to Beijing, for I had a talk w

14、ith him just now.他不可能去過(guò)北京，因?yàn)槲覄偤退徽勥^(guò)。9.3 neednt have done表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有必要做什么但已經(jīng)做了。例如：You neednt have come earlier. 你不需要來(lái)這么早的。9.4 should have done過(guò)去該做什么但沒(méi)有做。(含有責(zé)備的意思)。例如：You should have started earlier.你本應(yīng)該早點(diǎn)開(kāi)始的。9.5 shouldnt have done表示過(guò)去不該做什么但做了。(含有責(zé)備的意思)例如：You shouldnt have helped him, he could do it himsel

15、f.你本不該幫助他的，他能自己做。9.6 ought to have done表示過(guò)去該做什么而沒(méi)有做。(是職責(zé)和義務(wù))例如：You ought to have helped him. (but you didnt.)你應(yīng)該幫助他的。9.7 can/could do sth.表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的猜測(cè)，常用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句或感嘆句中。例如：This news cant be true.這消息不可能是真的。9.8 may/might do sth. 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的猜測(cè)，常用于肯定句中。例如：Mr.Wang may know Professor Lis telephone number.王先生也許知道

16、李教授的電話號(hào)碼。二、助動(dòng)詞的定義助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞都是英語(yǔ)中特殊動(dòng)詞，即：不能再句子中獨(dú)立充當(dāng)句子成分。而是與實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起使用構(gòu)成復(fù)合用語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的助動(dòng)詞有：be, have,do, shall, will, should, would. 它常配合主要?jiǎng)釉~，協(xié)助構(gòu)成否定句，疑問(wèn)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)句，時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)等語(yǔ)法形式。針對(duì)性練習(xí)：1) You_ all those clothes! We have a washing machine to do that sort of thingA) needn't have washedB) shouldn't have washedC) must

17、not have washedD) can not have washed2) John's score on the test is the highest in the class; he_ last night.A) should study B) should have studiedC) must have studiedD) must have to study3) The room is in a terrible mess; it _cleaned. (CET-4, 1996,6)A) can't have beenB) shouldn't have b

18、eenC) mustn't have been D) wouldn't have been4) Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They _ from South America on rafts.A) must have sailedB) can sailC) might have sailedD) should have sailed5) Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. She _ in her classroom.A) should

19、have beenB) must have beenC) must beD) should be6) Bob said he was going to join our club but he didn't. He _ his mind.A) can't have changedB) wouldn't have changedC) must have changedD) shouldn't have changed7) You_ to town to see the film yesterday. It will be on TV tonight.A) need

20、n't goB) had better not goC) should not goD) needn't have gone8) We_ the letter yesterday, but it didn't arrive.A) must receiveB) ought to receiveC) must have receivedD) ought to have received9) With all the work on hand, he_ to the cinema last night.A) mustn't goB) shouldn't hav

21、e gone C) could not goD) couldn't have gone10) Eve was late for class again. She _earlier.A) should get upB) must get upC) need to get upD) should have got up11) I am feeling sick. I_ so much chocolate.A) needn't have eaten B) couldn't have eaten C) mustn't have eaten D) shouldn'

22、t have eaten12) I didn't send out my application form last week, but I _.A) had B) would doC) should have D) might have to13) Walking alone in the deserted village, John was scared. He thought he_ Tom to go with him.A) might have askedB) should askedC) must have asked D) should have asked14) Whe

23、n I got to the cinema, the film had already started; I_ there earlier.A) ought to getB) ought to have gotC) must have gotD) must get15) The road was muddy. It_ last night.A) must rainedB) must have rainedC) must be rainedD) could have rained高考練習(xí)之情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1How's your new babysitter?We _(not) ask for a

24、 better one. All our kids love her so much.。2I _ worry about my weekend I always have my plans ready before it comes.3I don't really like James. Why did you invite him?Don't worry. He _ not come. He said he wasn't certain what his plans were.4If you _ smoke, please go outside.5They _ hav

25、e arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.6If you _ go, at least wait until the storm is over.7We _ have bought so much food now that Suzie won't be with us for dinner.8I _ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.答案：can't9_ you interrupt now? Can't you see I'm on the phone?Sorry Sir, but it's urgent.10It's quite