非謂語動詞課件

1、 非謂語非謂語非謂語動詞動名詞動名詞 v-ing分詞分詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 v-ing過去分詞過去分詞 p.p動詞不定式動詞不定式 to do一般式一般式完成式完成式被動式被動式動名詞動名詞 doinghaving donebeing done不定式不定式to do (將做)to have done(將完成)to be done(將被做)分詞分詞donedoing(正在)/having done()/being done(正在被做)非謂的不同形式非謂的不同形式否定式：在之前加“not”1.swimming is his favorite sport. 2.he enjoys swimming.

2、3.his favorite sport is swimming.4.the swimming pool in our village is being built. 動名詞動名詞注意注意動詞不定式動詞不定式1. to see you is glad. =it is glad to see you. 2.i want to see you.3.i want him to see you. 4.my hope is to see you.（作主語）（作主語）(作賓語）作賓語）（作賓補）（作賓補）(作表語）作表語）常用常用it 作形式主語作形式主語句型句型1：it is adj. for/of s

3、b. to do sth.it is + adj + for sb to do sthit is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品質(zhì)的是形容人的品質(zhì)的 ）（是形容事物的性質(zhì)的是形容事物的性質(zhì)的 ）eg. it is easy for me to finish this work before ten. (1)作主語作主語 its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.句型句型2：it + 謂語謂語 + to do句型句型3：its + n. + to doit takes us an hour _ get

4、 there by bus.its our duty _ help the poor.1.常見動詞有：常見動詞有：口訣：想要決定同意，希望許諾選擇口訣：想要決定同意，希望許諾選擇 want/intend/mean, decide/determine, agree, hope/wish/expect, promise, choose(2)作賓語作賓語 2.見動名詞用法見動名詞用法 (3)作賓補作賓補 分詞分詞1.make less noise，theres a sleeping child. the bridge built last month needs repairing. what yo

5、u said is really inspiring. 2.作后置定語作后置定語3.作表語作表語1.作前置定語作前置定語現(xiàn)分和過分作現(xiàn)分和過分作定語定語的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別：boiling water 正在沸騰的水（表正在進(jìn)行）boiled water 開水（表完成）developing countries 發(fā)展中國家developed countries 發(fā)達(dá)國家a disappointing look 一個令人失望的表情a disappointed look 一個失望的表情注：修飾的表情、臉色、情感等要用v-ed.eg. with a disappointed look on his face,

6、 he looked very sad.（復(fù)印資料）i heard them singing in the classroom.4.作補語作補語現(xiàn)在分詞表主動進(jìn)行，過去分詞表被動完成現(xiàn)在分詞表主動進(jìn)行，過去分詞表被動完成1. seeing from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory.2. given more time, we could do it better. 5.作狀語作狀語分詞作分詞作狀語狀語：復(fù)印資料練習(xí)不定式和分詞作不定式和分詞作補語補語的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別：1. “吾看三室兩廳一感覺吾看三室兩廳一感覺”5看：se

7、e、watch、look at、notice、observe3使：make、let、have2聽：hear、listen to1感覺：feeldo 讓做done 讓 被做do 讓做be done 讓 被做to do 讓做doing 讓做done 讓 被做do讓做doing讓持續(xù)做done讓 被做注意：1.have sth. done 還表示 “使遭受”eg: mr.smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday. 2. have sb. doing 用于否定句中表示 “容忍”eg:i wont have you spea

8、king to your dad like that.2. leave、keep、set、find、catch、withsb. to do 留下某人去做某事sb./sth. doing 讓某人/某物一直做某事sth. to be done 留下某事要做sth. undone留下某事未做(unfinished、unsettledsb./sth. doing 讓某人/某物一直做某事sb./sth done讓某人/某物被 (表示被動且完成/ 表示狀態(tài))eg: keep the engine endn running. we should keep the windows closed.sb./sth

9、. doing 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/某物正在做.sb./sth done發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/某物已經(jīng) (表示完成/ 狀態(tài))sb./ sth. (to be) 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/某物eg: we found him (to be ) dishonest. sb. doing 撞見某人正在做.eg: i caught him reading my private letter.sb./sth. doing 表示主動且進(jìn)行/ 表示特征sth. being done 表示被動且進(jìn)行sth. done表示被動且完成/ 表示狀態(tài)sth. to do表示將來eg: with a lot of difficult problems to

10、 settle, the man is having a hard time.五.動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)1).物主代詞物主代詞 / 名詞所有格名詞所有格 + 動名詞動名詞 在句中作主語在句中作主語: marys coming late made her teacher angry. do you mind my smoking? do you mind my reading your paper? their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. roses going wont be of much help. 2).人稱代詞賓格人稱代詞賓

11、格 / 名詞名詞 + 動名詞動名詞 在句中作賓語在句中作賓語: im sure of him coming on time. he has never heard of a woman being a pilot. i dont mind jack (him) going. she hates young people (them) smoking. given more time, we could do it better.3.由there being +主語這種結(jié)構(gòu)多表示原因。例如：there being a lot of books to read, he often studied

12、till midnight.因為有許多書要讀，他經(jīng)常學(xué)習(xí)到深夜。thanks a lot!不定式與動名詞作主語的區(qū)別：不定式與動名詞作主語的區(qū)別：a: 如果要說明不定式表示的動作是誰做的， 可以在不定式前加一個由 for 引起的短語。b: 下列形容詞作表語時，不定式前常加一個 of 引起的短語，這些形容詞是： (表評價性的，來說明邏輯主語的性質(zhì)，特征，屬性） kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, wrong, right, careless, rude, polite,naughty etc.（3）做表語

13、：主語）做表語：主語+系動詞系動詞+不定式不定式1). 其主語多為抽象名詞其主語多為抽象名詞(wish, need) my wish is to be a scientist. the main thing is to keep our room clean.2).be to do可構(gòu)成將來時態(tài)可構(gòu)成將來時態(tài),表表 “準(zhǔn)備準(zhǔn)備/打算打算/計劃計劃/需需要要”; she is to return next week.it was about to leave when it started to rain.不定式動詞在介詞不定式動詞在介詞but，except，besides后面時，如果這些介后面

14、時，如果這些介詞之前有詞之前有行為動詞行為動詞do的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式不帶不帶to，否則要，否則要帶帶to。 she could do nothing but cry what do you like to do besides swim?i have no choice but to go(4)作定語作定語 不定式作定語時，不定式作定語時， 通常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。通常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。不定式常和它所修飾的詞有動賓關(guān)系。如：不定式常和它所修飾的詞有動賓關(guān)系。如： i have a lot of work to do. he

15、re are some books for you to read. she was the first person to think of the idea. they made a plan to study english . he expressed his wish to visit the great wall. 不定式動詞在介詞不定式動詞在介詞but，except，besides后面時，如果這些介后面時，如果這些介詞之前有詞之前有行為動詞行為動詞do的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式不帶不帶to，否則要，否則要帶帶to。 she could

16、 do nothing but cry what do you like to do besides swim?i have no choice but to go(4)作定語作定語 不定式作定語時，不定式作定語時， 通常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。通常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。不定式常和它所修飾的詞有動賓關(guān)系。如：不定式常和它所修飾的詞有動賓關(guān)系。如： i have a lot of work to do. here are some books for you to read. she was the first person to think of the idea. they mad

17、e a plan to study english . he expressed his wish to visit the great wall. 1). 目的狀語目的狀語: 可放于句首可放于句首,也可放于句末也可放于句末, 前面可加前面可加in order/so as/soas to表強調(diào)表強調(diào). he went to see the artist himself. he stopped to have a look. he ran so fast as to get to school in time2). 結(jié)果狀語結(jié)果狀語:主要用在主要用在enough to/tooto/only to

18、結(jié)構(gòu)中。結(jié)構(gòu)中。the question is too difficult to answer.they worked hard enough to finish their work.3). 原因狀語原因狀語: 主語主語+系動詞系動詞+adj.+ to do表表感情的感情的adj.有有: happy, surprised, pleased, glad, sorry, anxious(憂慮憂慮), disappointed, careful, afraid, wrong.im very sorry to see you.he was afraid to leave him home動詞不定式的

19、時態(tài)和語態(tài)動詞不定式保留了動詞的一些特征，具有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，動詞不定式保留了動詞的一些特征，具有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，但是它的時態(tài)和語態(tài)只有以下幾種，見下表。但是它的時態(tài)和語態(tài)只有以下幾種，見下表。 語態(tài)時態(tài) 主 動 語 態(tài) 被 動 語 態(tài) 一般時 to make to be made 進(jìn)行時 to be making 完成時 to have made to have been made 完成進(jìn)行時 to have been makingwhen i got home, my son happened to be watching tv. 如果不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，要用完成式。如果不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，要用完成式。 she is said to have read thirty novels this year. im sorry to have kept you waiting so long after graduation, he asked to be sent to work