非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞課件

1、 非謂語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 v-ing分詞分詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 v-ing過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 p.p動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式 to do一般式一般式完成式完成式被動(dòng)式被動(dòng)式動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 doinghaving donebeing done不定式不定式to do (將做)to have done(將完成)to be done(將被做)分詞分詞donedoing(正在)/having done()/being done(正在被做)非謂的不同形式非謂的不同形式否定式：在之前加“not”1.swimming is his favorite sport. 2.he enjoys swimming.

2、3.his favorite sport is swimming.4.the swimming pool in our village is being built. 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞注意注意動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式1. to see you is glad. =it is glad to see you. 2.i want to see you.3.i want him to see you. 4.my hope is to see you.（作主語(yǔ)）（作主語(yǔ)）(作賓語(yǔ)）作賓語(yǔ)）（作賓補(bǔ)）（作賓補(bǔ)）(作表語(yǔ)）作表語(yǔ)）常用常用it 作形式主語(yǔ)作形式主語(yǔ)句型句型1：it is adj. for/of s

3、b. to do sth.it is + adj + for sb to do sthit is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品質(zhì)的是形容人的品質(zhì)的 ）（是形容事物的性質(zhì)的是形容事物的性質(zhì)的 ）eg. it is easy for me to finish this work before ten. (1)作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ) its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.句型句型2：it + 謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ) + to do句型句型3：its + n. + to doit takes us an hour _ get

4、 there by bus.its our duty _ help the poor.1.常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：口訣：想要決定同意，希望許諾選擇口訣：想要決定同意，希望許諾選擇 want/intend/mean, decide/determine, agree, hope/wish/expect, promise, choose(2)作賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ) 2.見(jiàn)動(dòng)名詞用法見(jiàn)動(dòng)名詞用法 (3)作賓補(bǔ)作賓補(bǔ) 分詞分詞1.make less noise，theres a sleeping child. the bridge built last month needs repairing. what yo

5、u said is really inspiring. 2.作后置定語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)3.作表語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)1.作前置定語(yǔ)作前置定語(yǔ)現(xiàn)分和過(guò)分作現(xiàn)分和過(guò)分作定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別：boiling water 正在沸騰的水（表正在進(jìn)行）boiled water 開(kāi)水（表完成）developing countries 發(fā)展中國(guó)家developed countries 發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家a disappointing look 一個(gè)令人失望的表情a disappointed look 一個(gè)失望的表情注：修飾的表情、臉色、情感等要用v-ed.eg. with a disappointed look on his face,

6、 he looked very sad.（復(fù)印資料）i heard them singing in the classroom.4.作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)完成現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)完成1. seeing from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory.2. given more time, we could do it better. 5.作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)分詞作分詞作狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)：復(fù)印資料練習(xí)不定式和分詞作不定式和分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別：1. “吾看三室兩廳一感覺(jué)吾看三室兩廳一感覺(jué)”5看：se

7、e、watch、look at、notice、observe3使：make、let、have2聽(tīng)：hear、listen to1感覺(jué)：feeldo 讓做done 讓 被做do 讓做be done 讓 被做to do 讓做doing 讓做done 讓 被做do讓做doing讓持續(xù)做done讓 被做注意：1.have sth. done 還表示 “使遭受”eg: mr.smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday. 2. have sb. doing 用于否定句中表示 “容忍”eg:i wont have you spea

8、king to your dad like that.2. leave、keep、set、find、catch、withsb. to do 留下某人去做某事sb./sth. doing 讓某人/某物一直做某事sth. to be done 留下某事要做sth. undone留下某事未做(unfinished、unsettledsb./sth. doing 讓某人/某物一直做某事sb./sth done讓某人/某物被 (表示被動(dòng)且完成/ 表示狀態(tài))eg: keep the engine endn running. we should keep the windows closed.sb./sth

9、. doing 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/某物正在做.sb./sth done發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/某物已經(jīng) (表示完成/ 狀態(tài))sb./ sth. (to be) 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/某物eg: we found him (to be ) dishonest. sb. doing 撞見(jiàn)某人正在做.eg: i caught him reading my private letter.sb./sth. doing 表示主動(dòng)且進(jìn)行/ 表示特征sth. being done 表示被動(dòng)且進(jìn)行sth. done表示被動(dòng)且完成/ 表示狀態(tài)sth. to do表示將來(lái)eg: with a lot of difficult problems to

10、 settle, the man is having a hard time.五.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)1).物主代詞物主代詞 / 名詞所有格名詞所有格 + 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 在句中作主語(yǔ)在句中作主語(yǔ): marys coming late made her teacher angry. do you mind my smoking? do you mind my reading your paper? their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. roses going wont be of much help. 2).人稱(chēng)代詞賓格人稱(chēng)代詞賓

11、格 / 名詞名詞 + 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 在句中作賓語(yǔ)在句中作賓語(yǔ): im sure of him coming on time. he has never heard of a woman being a pilot. i dont mind jack (him) going. she hates young people (them) smoking. given more time, we could do it better.3.由there being +主語(yǔ)這種結(jié)構(gòu)多表示原因。例如：there being a lot of books to read, he often studied

12、till midnight.因?yàn)橛性S多書(shū)要讀，他經(jīng)常學(xué)習(xí)到深夜。thanks a lot!不定式與動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：不定式與動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：a: 如果要說(shuō)明不定式表示的動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的， 可以在不定式前加一個(gè)由 for 引起的短語(yǔ)。b: 下列形容詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式前常加一個(gè) of 引起的短語(yǔ)，這些形容詞是： (表評(píng)價(jià)性的，來(lái)說(shuō)明邏輯主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)，特征，屬性） kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, wrong, right, careless, rude, polite,naughty etc.（3）做表語(yǔ)

13、：主語(yǔ)）做表語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+不定式不定式1). 其主語(yǔ)多為抽象名詞其主語(yǔ)多為抽象名詞(wish, need) my wish is to be a scientist. the main thing is to keep our room clean.2).be to do可構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)可構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài),表表 “準(zhǔn)備準(zhǔn)備/打算打算/計(jì)劃計(jì)劃/需需要要”; she is to return next week.it was about to leave when it started to rain.不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞but，except，besides后面時(shí)，如果這些介后面

14、時(shí)，如果這些介詞之前有詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式不帶不帶to，否則要，否則要帶帶to。 she could do nothing but cry what do you like to do besides swim?i have no choice but to go(4)作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ) 不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)， 通常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。通常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。不定式常和它所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：不定式常和它所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如： i have a lot of work to do. he

15、re are some books for you to read. she was the first person to think of the idea. they made a plan to study english . he expressed his wish to visit the great wall. 不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞but，except，besides后面時(shí)，如果這些介后面時(shí)，如果這些介詞之前有詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式不帶不帶to，否則要，否則要帶帶to。 she could

16、 do nothing but cry what do you like to do besides swim?i have no choice but to go(4)作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ) 不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)， 通常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。通常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。不定式常和它所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：不定式常和它所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如： i have a lot of work to do. here are some books for you to read. she was the first person to think of the idea. they mad

17、e a plan to study english . he expressed his wish to visit the great wall. 1). 目的狀語(yǔ)目的狀語(yǔ): 可放于句首可放于句首,也可放于句末也可放于句末, 前面可加前面可加in order/so as/soas to表強(qiáng)調(diào)表強(qiáng)調(diào). he went to see the artist himself. he stopped to have a look. he ran so fast as to get to school in time2). 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ):主要用在主要用在enough to/tooto/only to

18、結(jié)構(gòu)中。結(jié)構(gòu)中。the question is too difficult to answer.they worked hard enough to finish their work.3). 原因狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ): 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+adj.+ to do表表感情的感情的adj.有有: happy, surprised, pleased, glad, sorry, anxious(憂慮憂慮), disappointed, careful, afraid, wrong.im very sorry to see you.he was afraid to leave him home動(dòng)詞不定式的

19、時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞不定式保留了動(dòng)詞的一些特征，具有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化，動(dòng)詞不定式保留了動(dòng)詞的一些特征，具有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化，但是它的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)只有以下幾種，見(jiàn)下表。但是它的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)只有以下幾種，見(jiàn)下表。 語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài) 主 動(dòng) 語(yǔ) 態(tài) 被 動(dòng) 語(yǔ) 態(tài) 一般時(shí) to make to be made 進(jìn)行時(shí) to be making 完成時(shí) to have made to have been made 完成進(jìn)行時(shí) to have been makingwhen i got home, my son happened to be watching tv. 如果不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，要用完成式。如果不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，要用完成式。 she is said to have read thirty novels this year. im sorry to have kept you waiting so long after graduation, he asked to be sent to work