6月四級(jí)真題詳解段落匹配

1、section bdirections: in this section, you are going to read a passagewith ten statements attached to it. each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. you may choose a paragraph more than once. each paragraph is mark

2、ed with a letter. answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2.本文主要介紹了少數(shù)人擁有超強(qiáng)記憶的原因，討論了他們的幸運(yùn)和不幸。the blessing and curseof the people who never forget 擁有超強(qiáng)記憶之人的福與禍a handful of people can recall almost every day of their lives in enormous detail and after years of research，

3、 neuroscientists are finally beginning to understand how they do it.有少數(shù)人幾乎能回憶起他們生活中每天的大量細(xì)節(jié)。經(jīng)過(guò)多年研究之后，神經(jīng)科學(xué)專家終于開(kāi)始了解他們是怎么做到的。hsame） highlysuperior autobiographical memory （or hsam for short）, first came to light in the early 2000s, with a young woman named jill price. emailing the neuroscientist and mem

4、ory researcher jim mcgaugh one day, she claimed that she could recall every day of her life since the age of 12. could he help explain her experiences?e）（ 43）這種“超級(jí)自傳體記憶 ” （簡(jiǎn)稱 hsam ）首次進(jìn)入公眾視野是在21 世紀(jì)初。一天，一位名叫古爾普萊斯的年輕女士給研究記憶的神經(jīng)科學(xué)專家吉姆麥克高夫發(fā)郵件，聲稱她可以回憶起 12歲以來(lái)每一天的生活。麥克高夫能否幫助解釋她的經(jīng)歷？43. a young woman sought ex

5、planation from a brain scientist when she noticed her unusual memory.43.【定位】由題干中的 a young woman， explanation 和 brain scientist 定位 到文章e）段。e）【精析】細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。定位段提到，一位名叫吉爾 普菜斯的年輕女士給研究記憶的神經(jīng)科學(xué)專家吉姆麥克高夫發(fā)郵件，聲稱她可以回憶起 12歲以來(lái)每一天的生活。麥克高夫能否幫助解釋她的經(jīng)歷？題干中的 her unusualmemory 是對(duì)定位段中 she could recall every day of her life sin

6、ce the age of 12 的概括。整個(gè)題干是對(duì)定位段的概括歸納，故答案為 e）。36. people with hsam have the same memory as ordinary people when it comes to impersonal information.擁有 “超級(jí)自傳體記憶 ”者在記憶非個(gè)人信息方面和普通人一樣。37. fantasy pronenesswill not necessarily cause people to develophsam .幻想傾向不一定會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們形成 “超級(jí)自傳體記憶 ” 。38. veiseh began to rememb

7、er the details of his everyday experiences after he met his first young love.在遇到自己的初戀后，維瑟開(kāi)始能記住生活中的每個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。人名，專有名詞易定位一一b） c）段39. many more people with hsam started to contact researchers due to themass media.得益于大眾傳媒更多的 “超級(jí)自傳體記憶 ”者開(kāi)始和研究者取得了聯(lián)系。40. people with hsam often have to make efforts toavoid focusi

8、ng on the pas.t“超級(jí)自傳體記憶 ”者不得不努力不去關(guān)注過(guò)去。41. most people do not have clear memoriesof past events.大部分人對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事件沒(méi)有清晰的記憶。42. hsam can beboth a curse and a blessin.g“超級(jí)自傳體記憶 ”是福也是禍。43. a young woman sought explanation from a brain scientist when she noticed her unusual memory.一位年輕女士發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的超常記憶力向腦科學(xué)家尋求解釋。44.

9、some people with hsam find it very hard to get rid of unpleasant memories.一些 “超級(jí)自傳體記憶 ”者發(fā)覺(jué)忘掉不愉快的記憶非常困難。45. a recent study of people with hsam reveals that they are liable to fantasy and full absorption in an activity.一項(xiàng)關(guān)于擁有 “超級(jí)自傳體記記”者的研究表明他們有幻想傾向和全神貫注于某種活動(dòng)的傾向。a） for most of us, memory is a mess of b

10、lurred and faded pictures of our lives. as much as we would like to cling on to our past, even the saddestmoments can be washed away with time.a ）（ 41）對(duì)于大多數(shù)人而言，記憶就像一本逐漸模糊褪色的人生畫(huà)冊(cè)。無(wú)論我們多想要抓住過(guò)去，即使最痛苦的時(shí)刻也會(huì)隨著時(shí)間而消逝。41 . most people do not have clear memories of past events.42 .【定位】由題干中的 most people, memori

11、es和past定位。a）【精析】細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。定位段指出，對(duì)于大多數(shù)人而言，記憶就橡一本逐漸模糊褪色的人生畫(huà)冊(cè)。無(wú)論我們多想要抓住過(guò)去，即使最痛苦的時(shí)刻也會(huì)隨著時(shí)間而消逝。也就是說(shuō)，大部分人對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事件沒(méi)有清晰的記憶。題干是對(duì)定位段的概括，故答案為a ）。b） ask nima veiseh what he was doing for any day in the past 15 years, however, and he will give you the details of the weather, what he was wearing, or even what side of

12、the train he was sitting on his journey to work. “ my memory is like a library of video tapes, walk- throughs of every day of my life from waking to sleeping, explains.b）但是，如果你問(wèn)尼瑪 維瑟過(guò)去15年中任意一天在做什么，他會(huì)告訴你從當(dāng)天的天氣狀況到他的衣著，甚至他去上班時(shí)坐在火車的哪一側(cè)等所有細(xì)節(jié)。“我的記憶就像一個(gè)存放錄像帶的圖書(shū)館，完全記錄我生活中從睜眼醒來(lái)到入睡的每一天， ”他解釋道。c） veiseh can ev

13、en put a date on when those tapes started recording: 15 december 2000, when he met his first girlfriend a t his best friend s 16th birthday party. he had always had a good memory, but thethrill of young love seems to have shifted a gear in his mind: from now on, he would start recording his whole li

14、fe in detail.tell you everything about every day after that.”c）（ 38）維瑟甚至能說(shuō)出這些“錄像帶 ”開(kāi)始錄像的時(shí)間： 2000 年 12 月 15日。那天，他在最好朋友的 16 歲生日晚會(huì)上遇見(jiàn)了他的初戀女友。他之前記憶力一直都很好，但是年輕愛(ài)情的沖動(dòng)似乎撥動(dòng)了他腦中的某個(gè)機(jī)關(guān)。從那以后，他開(kāi)始能記錄一生中的每個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。 “我能告訴你從那以后每天發(fā)生的所有事。 ”38 . veiseh began to remember the details of his everyday experiences after he met hi

15、s first young love.39 .【定位】由題干中的 veiseh和first young love定位到文章c）段。c）【精析】細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。定位段主要介紹了維瑟的超強(qiáng)記憶啟動(dòng)的經(jīng)歷：在最好朋友的生日晚會(huì)上遇到自己的初戀后，維瑟開(kāi)始能記住生活中的每個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。題干是對(duì)定位段的概括總結(jié)，故答案為 c）。d） needless to say, people like veiseh are of great interest to neuroscientists （神經(jīng) 科學(xué)專家） hoping to understand the way the brain records our live

16、s. a couple of recent papers have finally opened a window on these people s extraordinary minds. and such research might even suggest ways for us all to relive our past with greater clarity.d ）毋庸多言，那些想了解大腦如何記錄人類生活的神經(jīng)科學(xué)專家對(duì)維瑟這樣的人抱有極大的興趣。最近一些學(xué)術(shù)論文終于揭開(kāi)了這些人的非凡記憶力的冰山一角，這些研究甚至可能指引我們找到方法去更加清楚地重現(xiàn)我們過(guò)去的生活。a） -d

17、）段以尼瑪 維瑟的超強(qiáng)記憶力為例，說(shuō)明科學(xué)家對(duì)超強(qiáng)記憶的興趣，及對(duì)此研究的意義。e） highlysuperior autobiographical memory （or hsam for short）, first came to light in the early 2000s, with a young woman named jill price. emailing the neuroscientist and memory researcher jim mcgaugh one day, she claimed that she could recall every day of he

18、r life since the age of 12. could he help explain her experiences?e）（ 43）這種“超級(jí)自傳體記憶” （簡(jiǎn)稱hsam ）首次進(jìn)入公眾視野是在21 世紀(jì)初。一天，一位名叫古爾普萊斯的年輕女士給研究記憶的神經(jīng)科學(xué)專家吉姆麥克高夫發(fā)郵件，聲稱她可以回憶起12歲以來(lái)每一天的生活。麥克高夫能否幫助解釋她的經(jīng)歷？f） mcgaugh invited her to his lab, and began to test her: he would give her a date and ask her to tell him about th

19、e world events on that day. true to her word, she was correct almost every time.f）麥克高夫邀請(qǐng)她來(lái)他的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，并開(kāi)始對(duì)她進(jìn)行測(cè)試：他給出一個(gè)日期，讓她說(shuō)出那天發(fā)生的世界大事。結(jié)果不悖其言，她幾乎每次都能回答正確。g） it didn take long for magazines and documentary film-makers to come to understand her “ totalrecall ” an,d thanks to the subsequent media interest, a

20、few dozen other subjects （including veiseh） have since come forward and contacted the team at the university of california, irvine.g）（ 39）沒(méi)用多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，雜志和紀(jì)錄片導(dǎo)演便來(lái)了解她的 “全面回憶 ” 。得益于這些媒體后續(xù)的興趣，幾十個(gè)其他的受試者（包括維瑟）自告奮勇，與加利福尼亞大學(xué)歐文分校的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)取得了聯(lián)系。39. many more people with hsam started to contact researchersdue to the mas

21、s media.39.【定位】由題干中的contact, due to和media定位到文章g）段。g）【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位段指出，得益于這些媒體后續(xù)的興趣，幾十個(gè)其他的受試者（包括錐瑟）自告奮勇，與加利福尼亞大學(xué)歐文分校的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)取得了聯(lián)系。題干中的 due to the mass media 是對(duì)定位句中的 thanks to the subsequentmedia interest的同義轉(zhuǎn)述； 題干中的 researcher或寸應(yīng)定位句中的 the team。故答案為g）。h） interestingly, their memories are highly self-centred

22、: although they can remember “ autobiographical ” life events in extraordinary detail, they seemnotobbeetter thanaverageat recalling impersonal information , such as random （任意選取的） lists of words. nor are they necessarily better at remembering a round of drinks, say. andfaalthough their memories are

23、 vast, they are still likely to suffer from still using the same flawed tools that the rest of us rely on. the question is, how?clearly, there is no such thing as apertfheectir e” xtramoerdminoaryry minds areh ） （36） 有趣的是，他們的記憶是高度自我中心化的：盡管他們能夠非常詳細(xì) 地記住 “自傳式 ”生活事件， 但是在記憶非個(gè)人信息方面，比如隨機(jī)排列的單 詞，他們似乎不比普通人強(qiáng)。再

24、如，他們也不能更好地記住一圈飲料的順序。盡管這些人的記憶力非常強(qiáng)大，他們?nèi)匀缓芸赡軙?huì)承受 “虛假記憶 ”之苦。很明顯，世上不存在什么 “完美無(wú)瑕” 的記憶 他們產(chǎn)生非凡記憶力的工具和我們普通人所依賴的是一樣有瑕疵的。問(wèn)題在于，怎么會(huì)這樣？36. people with hsam have the same memory asordinary people when it comes to impersonal information.36.【定位】由題干中的 memory和impersonal information定位到文章 h）段第一句。h ）【精析】 同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句說(shuō)明了擁有 “超級(jí)

25、自傳體記憶 ”者的記憶特征是高度自我中心化的；盡管他們能夠非常詳細(xì)地記住 “自傳式 ”生活事件， 但是在記憶非個(gè)人信息方面，比如隨機(jī)排列的單詞，他們似乎不比普通人強(qiáng)。題干中的 have the same memory as ordinary people 是對(duì)定位句中的 seem to be nobetter than average的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為 h）。e） -h）段介紹這項(xiàng)研究的起始情況，提出超級(jí)自傳體記憶"（hsam ）這一概念，指出擁有超強(qiáng)記憶的人其記憶是高度自我中心化的。i） lawrence patihis at the university of southern

26、 mississippi recently studied around 20 people with hsam and found that they scored particularly high on two measures: fantasy proneness （傾向）and absorption. fantasy proneness could be considered atendency to imagine and daydream, whereas absorption is the tendency to allow your mind to become fully

27、absorbed in an activity to pay complete attention to the sensations（感受）and the experiences. "i ' extremely sensitive to sounds, smells and visual detail, e”xplains nicole donohue, who has taken part in many of these studies. “ i definitely feel things more strongly than the average person.i

28、） （45）南密西西比大學(xué)的勞倫斯帕特西斯近來(lái)研究了差不多20位擁有 超級(jí)自傳體記憶”者，發(fā)現(xiàn)他們?cè)诨孟雰A向和專注力兩方面得分特別高?；孟雰A向可以理解為想象和做白日夢(mèng)的傾向，而專注力則是使自己的思維全神貫注于某種活動(dòng)（對(duì)感受和經(jīng)歷投人全部的關(guān)注）的傾向。 “我對(duì)聲音、氣味和視覺(jué)信息非常敏感，”尼古拉 唐納休解釋道，他參加了不少這樣的研究，我對(duì)事物的感受的確比常人更強(qiáng)烈。 ”45 . a recent study of people with hsam reveals that they areliable to fantasy and full absorption in an activit

29、y.46 .【定位】由題干中的fantasy, absorption和in an activity定位到文章i）段第 一，二句。i）【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句指出，南密西西比大學(xué)的勞倫斯帕特西斯近來(lái)研究了差不多 20 位擁有 “超級(jí)自傳體記記”者，發(fā)現(xiàn)他們?cè)诨孟雰A向和專注力兩方面得分特別高?；孟雰A向可以理解為想象和做白日夢(mèng)的傾向。而專注力則是使自己的思維全神慣注于某種活動(dòng)（對(duì)感受和經(jīng)歷投人全部的關(guān)注）的傾向。題干是對(duì)定位句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為 i ）。j） the absorption helps them to establish strong foundations for recolle

30、ction, says patihis, and the fantasy pronenessmeans that they revisit those memories again and again in the coming weeks and months. each time this initial memory trace is “ replayed it”be,comes even stronger. in some ways, you probably go through that process after a big event like your wedding day

31、 but the difference is that thanks to their other psychological tendencies, the hsam subjects are doing it day in, day out, for the whole of their lives.j）帕特西斯說(shuō)，專注力幫助他們筑建起記憶的牢固基礎(chǔ)，幻想傾向則意味著他們能在接下來(lái)的幾周或幾個(gè)月一再重現(xiàn)這些記憶。初次記憶軌跡每被 “重播 ”一次，記憶就變得越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大。某種程度上，在某件大事，比如你的婚禮過(guò)后，你也可能會(huì)經(jīng)歷這種 “重播 ”過(guò)程 但不同的是，擁有 “超級(jí)自傳體記憶 ”者會(huì)在一

32、生中的每一天都進(jìn)行 “重播 ” ，這是他們的其他心理傾向造成的。k） not everyone with a tendency to fantasisewill develop hsam, though, so patihis suggeststhat something must have caused them to think so much about their past.“maybesome experience in their childhood meant that they became obsessed（著 迷） with calendars and what happe

33、ned to them, ” says patihis.k ）（ 37）但是，不是每一個(gè)有幻想傾向的人都能發(fā)展出 “超級(jí)自傳體記憶 ” ，所以帕特西斯認(rèn)為一定存在觸發(fā)他們不?；貞涍^(guò)去的開(kāi)關(guān)。 “也許他們童年時(shí)代的某種經(jīng)歷使得他們著迷于日歷和發(fā)生過(guò)的事情， ”拍特西斯說(shuō)。37 . fantasy pronenesswill not necessarily cause people todevelop hsam .38 .【定位】由題干中的fantasy和develop hsam 定位到文章k）段第一 句。k）【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句提到，不是每一個(gè)有幻想傾向的人都能發(fā)展出 超級(jí)自傳體記憶題干中

34、的fantasy pronenessfb對(duì)定位句中的a tendeocy to fantasise的同義轉(zhuǎn)述； 題干中的 not necessarily對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的 not everyone。故答案為 k ）。i ） k ）分析擁有超強(qiáng)記憶的原因，指出擁有超強(qiáng)記憶的人具有更強(qiáng)的幻想傾向和專注力。l） the people with hsam i vienterviewed would certainly agree that it can be a mixed blessing. on the plus side, it allows you to relive the most trans

35、formative and enriching experiences. veiseh, for instance, travelled a lot in his youth. in his spare time, he visited the local art galleries, and the paintings are now lodged deep in his autobiographical memories.l）（ 42 ）我所采訪的擁有“超級(jí)自傳體記憶”者肯定都會(huì)贊同這種能力福禍相依。好的方面是它可以使人重溫最改變?nèi)松?、最豐富的經(jīng)歷。比如維瑟，他年輕的時(shí)候去了很多地方，空閑

36、時(shí)間就去參觀當(dāng)?shù)孛佬g(shù)館，而那些畫(huà)作現(xiàn)在深深扎根于他的自傳體記憶中。42. hsam can beboth a curse and a blessin.g42.【定位】由題干中的hsam和blessing定位到文章l)段第一句。l)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句提出了文章主題：超級(jí)自傳體記憶”是福也是禍。下文分別舉例解釋福和禍的具體內(nèi)容。題干中的both a curse and ablessing是對(duì)定位句中的a mixed blessing的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，意為 禍福相依”，故答案為l)。m) “imagine being able to remember every painting, on ever

37、y wall, in every gallery space, between nearly 40 countries," he says. "that ' s a big education in (with this comprehensive knowledge of the history of art, he has since become a professional painter.m)想象一下能夠記起近40個(gè)國(guó)家的每一個(gè)美術(shù)館中每一面墻上的每一幅畫(huà)，”他說(shuō)。這本身就是宏大的藝術(shù)教育。”憑借著對(duì)藝術(shù)史的淵博學(xué)識(shí)，他因此成了一名專業(yè)畫(huà)家。n) dono

38、hue, now a history teacher, agrees that it helped during certain parts of her education: " can definitely remember what i learned on certain days at school. i could imagine what the teacher was saying or what it looked like in the book.n)唐納休現(xiàn)在是一名歷史教師，她同意超級(jí)自傳體記憶”對(duì)她教育的特定方面有幫助：我能清楚記得某些天在學(xué)校學(xué)到的東西。我能

39、想象老師在說(shuō)什么，以及書(shū)本上看起來(lái)是什么樣?！眔) not everyone with hsam has experienced these benefits however. viewing the past in high definition can make it very difficult to get over pain and regret."it can bevery hard to forget embarrassing moments ” says donohue. "youfeel the same emotions it is just as raw, just as fresh. you can' t turn off that stream of mno matter how hard you try. veiseh agrees:"it is like having these open woundsthey are just a part of you," he says.p) (