知識(shí)講解 Unit 5Nelson Mandela— a modern hero語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)

1、Unit 5 Nelson Mandela a modern hero語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)目標(biāo)認(rèn)知重點(diǎn)詞匯quality, offer, mean, devote, attack, equal, vote, escape, reward, beg, found, sentence重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)out of work, stop.from doing., set up, in trouble, turn to, blow up重點(diǎn)句型1. The first/ next/ last. to do. 2. 地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間名詞+see3. stage所接的定語(yǔ)從句4. way 作先行詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句5. only引導(dǎo)的部分倒

2、裝句知識(shí)講解重點(diǎn)詞匯quality【原句回放】And what qualities does a great person have? 偉人有什么品質(zhì)？【點(diǎn)撥】quality n. 質(zhì)量（不可數(shù)）；品質(zhì)；性質(zhì)，特征（可數(shù)名詞）常用搭配： be of good/bad quality 有好/壞的品質(zhì) be of high/poor quality 優(yōu)/劣質(zhì) quality education 素質(zhì)教育 extra fine quality 特等質(zhì)量 first-rate quality 一等品質(zhì)He has a watch of good quality. 他有塊質(zhì)量好的手表。One quali

3、ty of wood is that it can burn. 木材的一個(gè)特性是可以燃燒。【拓展1】quality adj. 優(yōu)質(zhì)的，高質(zhì)量的quality goods 精品 a quality service 優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)【拓展2】qualify v. 使具有資格This training course will qualify you for a better job.這項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練課程會(huì)使你具有獲取一個(gè)好工作的資格。But when Id qualified and started teaching, it was a different story.可是等我獲得資格開始教書的時(shí)候，卻是另一番情

4、形了?！就卣?】形似詞：quantity n. 數(shù)量【高清課Unit5詞語(yǔ)精講詞匯精講】offer【原句回放】He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems. 他為那些窮苦黑人提供法律指導(dǎo)?！军c(diǎn)撥】1. offer vt. vi. 主動(dòng)提供；主動(dòng)提出；出價(jià)；表示愿意常用搭配：offer sb. sth./ offer sth. to sb. 給提供The company offered him a very good job (=offered a good job to him), but he turned

5、it down. 這家公司給他提供了一份很好的工作，但是他拒絕了。2. offer n. 提議, 提供；供應(yīng); 報(bào)價(jià)常用搭配：offer of help/ support/ friendship 提供幫助/支持/友誼accept/take up an offer 接受出價(jià)/幫助turn down/refuse/decline an offer 拒絕（幫助、出價(jià)等）on offer 銷價(jià)處理Thank you for your offer of help. 謝謝你提供幫助。She accepted their offer of rent-free accommodation. 她接受了他們主動(dòng)提

6、供的免費(fèi)住處。I cant turn down the offer of a free trip to Milan! 我不能拒絕去米蘭的免費(fèi)旅游。They made an offer which I couldnt refuse. 他們提供了一個(gè)我不能拒絕的（幫助、出價(jià)等）。Baked beans are on offer this week at the local supermarket. 甜豆這周將在當(dāng)?shù)爻惺圪u。3. offer to do sth. 答應(yīng)做Our schools offer to help the kids who suffered from Brittle Bone

7、 was a moving act.我們學(xué)校答應(yīng)幫助那些患骨質(zhì)疏松癥的孩子們，這是令人感動(dòng)的舉動(dòng)。mean 【點(diǎn)撥】mean adj. 吝嗇的，自私的；卑鄙的 常用搭配：be mean with sth. 在某方面吝嗇He is very mean with his money. 他在金錢方面很吝嗇。That is a mean trick. 那是卑鄙手段?！就卣埂縨ean v. 意欲，打算；意味著 常用搭配： mean to do sth 打算做某事mean doing sth 意味著做某事be meant for 注定要成為I mean to go tomorrow. 我打算明天走。Bei

8、ng a student means studying hard. 作為一個(gè)學(xué)生，(意味著)你要努力學(xué)習(xí)。I was never meant for the army. 我根本就不是當(dāng)兵的材料。devote 【原句回放】A great person is someone who devotes his/ her life to helping others. 偉人就是全身心地幫助他人的人?！军c(diǎn)撥】vt. (與 to 連用) 獻(xiàn)身；專心于常用搭配：devote oneself /sth to sb./sth（to 為介詞) 為sb./sth付出（時(shí)間/精力等），奉獻(xiàn)，獻(xiàn)身于 be devoted

9、 to (to為介詞) 專心致志于；忠于；很喜歡He devoted himself to education. 他獻(xiàn)身于教育。She has devoted all her time to looking after her children. 她把全部時(shí)間都用于照看孩子。I dont think we should devote any more time to this question. 我認(rèn)為我們不應(yīng)該在這個(gè)問題上再花費(fèi)時(shí)間。The emotional, physical and mental energy mothers devote to their children can b

10、e never-ending.(2015 四川高考) 母親對(duì)孩子付出的情感、身體和思想方面的能量可能是無(wú)止境的?！就卣埂縟evoted adj. ( to sb./ sth) 熱愛的，非常忠誠(chéng)的，全心全意的 devotion n. 奉獻(xiàn)，摯愛a devoted friend 一位忠實(shí)的朋友 She is devoted to her children. 她深愛她的孩子。Obama is completely devoted to his family. 奧巴馬十分熱愛自己的家庭。attack 【原句回放】We chose to attack the law. 我們選擇與法律對(duì)抗?！军c(diǎn)撥】att

11、ack vt. 進(jìn)攻，攻擊，抨擊；（疾?。┣忠u；侵害 n. 攻擊，進(jìn)攻；病情發(fā)作（可數(shù)名詞）常用結(jié)構(gòu)： make an attack on/ against.= attack. 攻擊 under attack 遭到攻擊 air attack 空襲 a heart attack 心臟病突發(fā)The disease attacked his central nervous system. 疾病破壞了他的中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)。The patrol came under attack from all sides. 巡邏隊(duì)遭到來自四面八方的攻擊。One of my friends had a heart att

12、ack from too much stress.我的一個(gè)朋友因?yàn)閴毫μ蠡剂诵呐K病。equal【原句回放】But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal. 但是我很樂于幫忙，因?yàn)槲抑肋@有助于達(dá)到我們的夢(mèng)想使黑人和白人平等?！军c(diǎn)撥】equal adj. (大小、數(shù)量、價(jià)值、程度、狀況等)相同/等的，同樣的 vt. equal sb./ sth. (in sth.) (在某方面)與相同/相等 n. 和相當(dāng)?shù)娜?事物常用

13、搭配： equal to (doing) sth. 有能力的，能勝任的 A equals B in. A在方面比得上B be equal ton./doing sth. 等于；與相等；有的能力；(勇氣、力量等)；勝任They are of equal height. 他們一樣高。Are men equal to women in physical strength？在體力上男人和女人相同嗎？He doesnt seem equal to meeting our demands. 他似乎不太合乎我們的要求。No one equals him in strength. 論力氣,無(wú)人能和他相比。Tw

14、o plus two equals four. 二加二等于四。She is the equal of her brother as far as intelligence is concerned.論智力，她和她哥哥不相上下。(2015 安徽高考) In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal.實(shí)際上，說起戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)藝術(shù)，螞蟻沒有可以匹敵的動(dòng)物?！就卣埂縠quality n. 平等They are fighting for the equality of women. 她們?cè)跒闋?zhēng)取男女平等而奮斗。 vote 【原句回放】Bl

15、ack people could not vote or choose their leaders. 黑人不能選舉或者選擇他們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人?！军c(diǎn)撥】vote vt. vi. 投票，選舉n投票；選票；表決常用搭配：vote on. 投票表決vote through 投票通過vote for/ against投票贊同/反對(duì)vote to do sth 投票決定做某事Did you vote for or against her？ 你投了她的贊成票還是反對(duì)票？He was voted the most promising new director. 他當(dāng)選為最有前途的新導(dǎo)演。The plan was p

16、assed by 6 votes to 3. 這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃以6票對(duì)3票獲得通過。Well vote to decide whether to carry out the plan. 我們將投票決定是否要執(zhí)行這個(gè)計(jì)劃。escape【原句回放】It was a prison from which no one escaped. 那是一座任何人也逃不出去的監(jiān)獄?！军c(diǎn)撥】escape vi. 逃跑，逃脫；逃避（常與from連用） vt. 避開，避免常用搭配： escape from sth./sb. 從中逃脫/走；泄露 escape (doing) sth. 逃避（做）某事 escape punishme

17、nt/being punished 避免懲罰/受罰 sth. escape sb. 被忘記，未被注意A lion has escaped from its cage. 有一頭獅子從籠中逃走了。She longed to escape from her mothers domination. 她渴望擺脫母親的操縱。Make a hole to let the water escape. 弄個(gè)洞讓水排出。He narrowly escaped being killed. 他險(xiǎn)些喪命。His name escapes me for the moment. 我一時(shí)想不起他的名字來。How can we

18、 escape observation / being observed？ 我們?cè)鯓硬挪粫?huì)被人發(fā)現(xiàn)？【拓展】escape n. 逃走，逃脫；逃脫的手段 a narrow/near escape死里逃生 fire escape 太平梯，安全梯；安全出口reward【原句回放】.were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the blacks. 是我為爭(zhēng)取黑人的權(quán)利而工作了一生的酬勞?！军c(diǎn)撥】1. reward n. C U 報(bào)酬，獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)常用搭配： a cash reward 現(xiàn)金回報(bào) in reward for = i

19、n return for 作為對(duì)的回報(bào)He got a reward for helping them. 他因幫助他們而得到了報(bào)酬。He received a medal in reward for his bravery. 他因表現(xiàn)勇敢而獲得了一枚獎(jiǎng)?wù)?。I dont expect anything in reward；I did it because I enjoyed it.我不指望得到什么報(bào)答，我做這件事只是因?yàn)槲蚁矚g干。2. reward vt. 獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)/賞 常用搭配： reward sb. with sth, 用獎(jiǎng)勵(lì) reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因?yàn)楠?jiǎng)勵(lì)Sh

20、e rewarded him with a smile. 她向他報(bào)之一笑。His persistence was rewarded when the car finally started. 他那些力氣沒有白費(fèi)，汽車終于啟動(dòng)了。Anyone providing information which leads to the recovery of the painting will be rewarded.凡提供線索有助于尋回該畫者可獲報(bào)酬?！就卣埂縭ewarding adj. 值得做的，有益的a rewarding experience/job 有益的經(jīng)歷/工作beg【原句回放】All tha

21、t time my wife and children had to beg for food and help from relatives or friends. 那段時(shí)間，我的妻兒不得不從親戚朋友處求得食物和幫助。【點(diǎn)撥】beg vt & .vi. 乞求，懇求，請(qǐng)求（變分詞時(shí)要雙寫g加-ed和-ing）常用搭配：beg for sth (from sb.) （向某人)懇求beg sb to do sth 懇請(qǐng)某人做某事beg to do sth 懇請(qǐng)做某事The boy begged for money from passers-by. 那個(gè)男孩從路人那里討錢。He begged

22、 to watch the match. 他懇求要看那場(chǎng)比賽。He begged his teacher to forgive him. 他懇請(qǐng)老師原諒他。【拓展】beggar n. 乞丐found【原句回放】He founded the first Republic in China in 1911 after many years fighting. 許多年的斗爭(zhēng)后，他建立了中國(guó)的第一個(gè)共和國(guó)。【點(diǎn)撥】found vt. 建立，創(chuàng)立 （過去式和過去分詞都是founded）注意：found常用于表示創(chuàng)建國(guó)家、組織、機(jī)構(gòu)、學(xué)校等。His family founded the college i

23、n 1895他的家族于1895年創(chuàng)辦了這所學(xué)院。The Sun, which was founded in 1964，is the most successful of the popular newspapers太陽(yáng)報(bào)，創(chuàng)辦于1964年，是流行報(bào)中最成功的報(bào)紙?！就卣埂縡ind發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到（過去式、過去分詞：found）sentence【原句回放】sentenced to five years hard labour for encouraging violence against anti-black laws 因?yàn)楣膭?lì)暴力反黑人法律而被判處五年苦役【點(diǎn)撥】sentence n. vt. 判

24、決，宣判，判刑常見結(jié)構(gòu)：be sentenced to 被判處（to是介詞）注意：原句是省略句，省略了He was。The young man was sentenced to death for murder.那個(gè)年輕人因?yàn)橹\殺被判處死刑。The judge sentenced him to three years in prison.法官判決他三年監(jiān)禁。a light / heavy sentence 輕判/重判【拓展】sentence n. 句子make a sentence 造句重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)out of work 【原句回放】., and I worried about whether I

25、 would become out of work. 我擔(dān)憂我是否會(huì)失業(yè)?！军c(diǎn)撥】out of work (= out of a job) 失業(yè)Hes been out of work for six months. 他已經(jīng)失業(yè)六個(gè)月了。Hundreds were thrown out of work. 數(shù)以百計(jì)的人失去了工作。【拓展】含out of的短語(yǔ)out of breath 上氣不接下氣 out of balance 失去平衡out of reach 夠不著 out of date/fashion 過時(shí)out of control 失去控制 out of sight 看不見out of

26、 danger 脫離危險(xiǎn) out of order 出故障 out of business 破產(chǎn)；歇業(yè) out of repair 失修 out of date 過時(shí) out of patience 失去耐心out of the question 不可能的 out of question 毫無(wú)疑問out of temper 發(fā)脾氣 out of mind 心不在焉Out of sight, out of mind. 諺 眼不見，心不念。(離久情疏。)It is out of question that he will be admitted into key universities. 他能考

27、上重點(diǎn)大學(xué)是不成問題的。stop.from doing.【原句回放】He said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees. 他說他們不應(yīng)該被剝奪為學(xué)位而學(xué)習(xí)的權(quán)利?！军c(diǎn)撥】stop.from doing. 阻止做The heavy snow stopped him from coming to our party. 大雪使他未能前來參加我們的宴會(huì)。【拓展】類似短語(yǔ)keep/prevent/discourage sb./sth. from doing sth. 阻止做某事He prevented the villag

28、ers from cutting trees. 他阻止村民砍樹。Nothing can keep me from doing that. 沒有什么能夠阻止我做那件事。set up【原句回放】 .set up law office to help poor black people in Johannesburg. 建立法律事務(wù)所以幫助約翰內(nèi)斯堡的貧窮的黑人?！军c(diǎn)撥】set up 建立，設(shè)立（機(jī)構(gòu)、組織等）；擺放，豎起set up a flag 豎起旗幟set up a new record 創(chuàng)了新紀(jì)錄set up a class to help poor readers 辦一個(gè)班來幫助閱讀能力

29、差的學(xué)生Plenty of foreign firms have set up factories here. 很多外國(guó)公司已在這里開辦工廠。 【拓展】含set的短語(yǔ)set about (doing ) sth. 開始某工作，著手做某事set aside 把放一邊；節(jié)省/保留（錢/時(shí)間）；不理會(huì)/不顧set down 讓下車；寫下，記下set off 動(dòng)身，啟程；使爆炸set out 動(dòng)身，出發(fā)；安排/擺放；陳述/宣布set out to do sth 開始做某事in trouble【原句回放】Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in tr

30、ouble. 當(dāng)伊萊亞斯處于困境中時(shí)，他去拜訪了曼德拉?！军c(diǎn)撥】in trouble 在危險(xiǎn)，受罰，痛苦，憂慮等的處境中對(duì)比：get into trouble 惹上麻煩You are not the only one in trouble. 你不是唯一不幸的人。Its unkind to laugh at a person who is in trouble.嘲笑哪些陷入困境中的人是不道德的。He has got into /is in trouble. We must help him. 【拓展1】相關(guān)短語(yǔ)make trouble 制造麻煩ask for trouble 自找麻煩take t

31、he trouble to do sth.不怕費(fèi)事/困難盡力做某事have trouble (in) doing sth./ with sth. 在方面有困難【拓展2】含in的短語(yǔ)in danger 在危險(xiǎn)中 in peace 和平 in control 被控制 in silence 沉默 in turn 依次，逐個(gè)地 in return 作為的回報(bào)/付款in surprise 吃驚地 in detail 詳細(xì)地in charge 處于控制/支配的地位 turn to【原句回放】Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and

32、white people equal? 為什么納爾遜·曼德拉改用暴力以求得黑人和白人的平等？【點(diǎn)撥】turn to 轉(zhuǎn)向；求助于（to是介詞）He turned to me for help. 他向我求助。She has nobody she can turn to. 她求助無(wú)門。Nobody seems to understand. I dont know who to turn to.似乎沒人懂這個(gè)，我不知道該向誰(shuí)求助。Paul turned to drinking alcohol to try to forget his problems at work.保羅借酒消愁，想忘掉工

33、作中的問題?！就卣埂亢瑃urn的短語(yǔ)turn around/round 轉(zhuǎn)身 turn down 調(diào)低；拒絕turn off 關(guān)掉 turn up 調(diào)大；出現(xiàn)，露面 turn out 結(jié)果是，證明是；培養(yǎng)，生產(chǎn)；熄滅turn sth. inside out 把里面翻作外面The job turned out (to be) harder than we thought. 這份工作結(jié)果比我們想象的更難。Why did she turn down your invitation? 她為什么拒絕你的邀請(qǐng)？blow up【原句回放】Elias was willing to blow up govern

34、ment buildings. 伊萊亞斯愿意去炸毀政府大樓?！军c(diǎn)撥1】blow up 使充氣，爆炸A balloon expands when it is blown up. 氣球充氣時(shí)會(huì)變大。They threatened to blow up the plane if their demands were not met.如果他們的要求不被滿足，他們威脅要炸毀飛機(jī)。He drove over a landmine and his jeep blew up. 他開車撞上了地雷，吉普車爆炸了。【拓展】blow (blew, blown) （風(fēng)）吹，吹起，刮（風(fēng)），（使）爆炸A cold win

35、d blew from the east. 冷風(fēng)從東邊刮過來。The policeman asked me to blow into the breathalyser. 警察讓我向酒精測(cè)定儀中吹氣。She blew the dust off the book. 她把書上的灰塵吹了下去。【點(diǎn)撥2】be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事Im very willing to vote for the plan. 我很愿意為這個(gè)計(jì)劃投票。They keep a list of people who are willing to work nights.他們留著一份愿意晚上工作的人員名單

36、。重點(diǎn)句型The first/ next/ last. to do.【原句回放】He was the first man to land on the moon in July 1969. 他是在1969年7月登上月球的第一人?！军c(diǎn)撥】The first/ next/ last. to do. 第做注意：1. 原句中to land是動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾man。2. 當(dāng)被修飾的名詞或代詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或next, last等時(shí)，經(jīng)常用不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。Believe it or not, I was the last to arrive at school this mornin

37、g.信不信由你，今天早上我是最后一個(gè)到學(xué)校的。What is the next thing to do according to the plan?根據(jù)計(jì)劃，下一步該做什么？【拓展】相似句型比較：Its the first time that. 這是某人第一次做 注意：此句型的從句只能用完成時(shí)，根據(jù)it后面的is或was來選擇現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還是過去完成時(shí)。Its the first time I have visited your hometown. 這是我第一次游覽你的家鄉(xiāng)。 地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間名詞+see【原句回放】The last thirty years have seen the greates

38、t number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 過去的30年來所出現(xiàn)的大量法律剝奪我們的權(quán)利，阻擋我們的進(jìn)步，一直到今天我們還處在幾乎什么權(quán)利都沒有的階段。【點(diǎn)撥】地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間名詞+see注意：1. see在此句中意為“見證，目睹”，表示在某段時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生某情況，主語(yǔ)為時(shí)間。2. 動(dòng)詞see, find, witness等主語(yǔ)有時(shí)不是人而是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的名詞，這是擬人的修辭手法，可以使句子更加生

39、動(dòng)形象。This old house has seen better days. 這座老房子曾有過風(fēng)光的日子。My hometown witnessed great changes. 我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。The last few months have seen more and more traffic accidents.最近幾個(gè)月交通事故越來越多。Dusk found a boy crying in the street. 黃昏時(shí)一個(gè)男孩在街上哭?！靖咔逭nUnit5詞語(yǔ)精講句型分析】stage所接的定語(yǔ)從句【原句回放】 until today we have reached a s

40、tage where we have almost no rights at all. 一直到今天，我們還處在幾乎什么權(quán)利都沒有的階段?！军c(diǎn)撥】stage所接的定語(yǔ)從句注意：1. 原句中where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾前面的名詞stage，此時(shí)stage意思是“階段”。2. 當(dāng)point, stage, situation, case, scene等詞作先行詞，表示抽象地點(diǎn)，若在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，常由where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。Can you think out a situation where this word can be used?你能想出一個(gè)能使用這個(gè)單詞的場(chǎng)合嗎？Her illness h

41、as developed to the point where nobody can cure her.她的病發(fā)展到了一個(gè)沒人能治好的程度了。Today, well discuss a number of cases where students fail to use the language properly. 今天我們會(huì)討論許多學(xué)生不能恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂眠@種語(yǔ)言的情況。Their youngest child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.他們最小的孩子處于一個(gè)能說個(gè)別詞，而不能說完整