高考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法必考考點(diǎn)10非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含解析

1、2019年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考考點(diǎn)（10）：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含解析李仕才【考點(diǎn)解讀】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing和過(guò)去分詞等幾種形式，這是歷年高考必考內(nèi)容，每年都會(huì)有1-2題涉及該部分要點(diǎn)?？键c(diǎn)集中在：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別;動(dòng)名詞和不定式作賓語(yǔ)的用法比較;現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的用法比較;特定句型中非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法等?！靖呖伎键c(diǎn)透視】1. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成和語(yǔ)法功能及用法對(duì)比；2. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的完成式、被動(dòng)式的用法和特點(diǎn)；3. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)及否定形式；4. 不定式與動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞，現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞，分詞作狀語(yǔ)與獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)等用法對(duì)比；5. 不定式和動(dòng)名詞在及物動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別是考查

2、的熱點(diǎn)；6. 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，不定式和分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法；7. 不定式標(biāo)志to和介詞to的用法判斷等；8. 帶to與不帶to的不定式的用法及區(qū)別?？键c(diǎn)一、考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的識(shí)別英語(yǔ)句子至少應(yīng)該包括主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)兩部分, 而多數(shù)情況下謂語(yǔ)都由動(dòng)詞來(lái)充當(dāng)。如果對(duì)句子成分劃分不清，把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞混淆, 做題效果可想而知。要克服這一毛病，關(guān)鍵在于正確判斷、識(shí)別動(dòng)詞在句中是否充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)。如：1. the children (play) _ the violin over there will go on the stage next week.【答案與解析】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，我們可以看出這是一

3、個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。主語(yǔ)是the children，謂語(yǔ)部分是will go on the stage，動(dòng)詞play顯然在句中不作謂語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。依據(jù)play與它的邏輯主語(yǔ)children之間的主動(dòng)關(guān)系以及拉小提琴動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，可以判斷用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)修飾children，意為“正在那邊拉小提琴的小孩”，因而正確答案為playing?？键c(diǎn)二、考查作狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的辨析作狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要考查其各種形式的辨析，即是選擇動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ), 不同的狀語(yǔ)對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的要求不同。動(dòng)詞不定式主要作目的、結(jié)果和原因狀語(yǔ)；現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞主要作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式和伴隨狀語(yǔ)

4、，兩者不同之處在于：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作就是句子主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，即它的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)，它們之間的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，而過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，雖然它的邏輯主語(yǔ)也是句子的主語(yǔ)，但過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作是句子主語(yǔ)承受的動(dòng)作，它們之間的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。請(qǐng)看下面例題：1._tired of toms all-talk-no-action attitude, julia decided to do the job all by herself.a) to get b) to have gotc) getting d) have got【答案與解析】一般來(lái)說(shuō)，在句子中沒(méi)有連接詞的情況下, 逗號(hào)是無(wú)力連接

5、兩個(gè)句子的。據(jù)此，首先可以確定 這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)放在句首作狀語(yǔ)。依據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)get tired of與其邏輯主語(yǔ)julia之間的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，以及謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，沒(méi)有明顯的先后順序，可以斷定應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞一般式作原因狀語(yǔ),即“由于厭倦了tom只說(shuō)不做的工作態(tài)度”，故正確答案為c?？键c(diǎn)三、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞邏輯主語(yǔ)的分辨非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖然在句中不作謂語(yǔ)，但仍然有自己邏輯上的主語(yǔ)。歷年各種考試的重點(diǎn)在于正確分辨非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是什么，兩者之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，特別是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)的時(shí)候。我們知道，當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在句首作狀語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，它的邏輯主

6、語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)，那么，當(dāng)它的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，又會(huì)出現(xiàn)什么現(xiàn)象呢?請(qǐng)看下面例題：1. the last bus (go)_, we had to walk home.2. weather (permit)_, the spaceship will be launched tomorrow evening.【答案與解析】這兩個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)都不是句子的主語(yǔ)，而是分別有它自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，即“是 末班車開走了，而不是我們走了”，“是天氣允許,而不是飛船允許”，這種現(xiàn)象或結(jié)構(gòu)就是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。依據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，正確答案分別為having gone和permitt

7、ing。請(qǐng)?jiān)倏聪旅胬}：3. the work (finish) _, they may go home.4. the problem (discuss) _ at the meeting- room now, the workers had to wait outdoors.【答案與解析】同樣，這兩道題的結(jié)構(gòu)也是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。依據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系以及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間性，可以判斷正確答案分別為finished(已完成)和being discussed(正在進(jìn)行)?？键c(diǎn)四、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)的把握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖然在句中不作謂語(yǔ)，但它仍然具有動(dòng)詞的特征，即可以

8、有自己的主語(yǔ)(邏輯主語(yǔ)),也可以有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)形式都是依據(jù)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)形式而變化的。一般情況下，如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或之后發(fā)生, 就用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一般式或進(jìn)行式(側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行);如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，就用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的完成式(特別強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)在于正確把握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。例如：_ that bob had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him.a) heard b)

9、having heard c) hear d) to hear【答案與解析】依據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞hear與其邏輯主語(yǔ)his friends之間的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，以及前后句的邏輯關(guān)系，可以斷定用現(xiàn)在分詞形式來(lái)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，再根據(jù)現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作“聽說(shuō)”發(fā)生在主要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“來(lái)”之前，由此判斷應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式(只用作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)使用)，意為“聽說(shuō)bob已得到提升，他的朋友都來(lái)向他表示祝賀”，故正確答案為b?？键c(diǎn)五、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)句式的轉(zhuǎn)變非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞)作主語(yǔ)主要考查其句式的轉(zhuǎn)變，習(xí)慣上通常把it作為形式主語(yǔ)放在句首，作題時(shí)要善于分辨這種形式上的轉(zhuǎn)變。請(qǐng)看下面例題：1. it is an h

10、onour for me (be) _ your english teacher.2. it is no use of us (wait) _ at home like this.【答案與解析】根據(jù)對(duì)句式的分析，可以判斷出it是形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)由非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞)來(lái)充當(dāng)。依據(jù)表語(yǔ)的特性以及句式的特點(diǎn),我們可以斷定第1題應(yīng)該填動(dòng)詞不定式，即to be，第2題應(yīng)該填動(dòng)名詞，即waiting。六、考查作定語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的判斷非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)主要考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作后置定語(yǔ)的情況，這里關(guān)鍵要把握住非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)行為還是被動(dòng)行為,以及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間性，即是

11、正在進(jìn)行或已經(jīng)完成還是將要發(fā)生。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，用現(xiàn)在分詞一般式作定語(yǔ)往往表示動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)行為且正在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中，如果動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)行為且正在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中，就用現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)往往表示動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)行為且已經(jīng)完成; 用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，如果是被動(dòng)行為，就用動(dòng)詞不定式一般式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 例如：1. the boy (cry)_ over there is my younger brother.【答案與解析】依據(jù)cry與它的邏輯主語(yǔ)the boy之間的主動(dòng)關(guān)系和cry的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)修飾boy，因而正確答案為crying。【真題分析】一、單項(xiàng)選擇1. (20

12、18·北京卷) _ along the old silk road is an interesting and rewarding experiencea. travel b. traveling c. having traveled d. traveled【答案】b【解析】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：沿著絲綢之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的經(jīng)歷。“_ along the old silk road”做主語(yǔ)，要用動(dòng)名詞，故b選項(xiàng)正確。2. (2018·北京卷) during the mid-autumn festival, family members often gather toge

13、ther _ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.a. share b. to share c. having shared d. shared【答案】b3. (2018·北京卷) ordinary soap, _ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.a. used b. to use c. using d. use【答案】a【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：如果正確使用的話，普通的肥皂可以有效地處理細(xì)菌。ordinary soap can deal with bacterial

14、 effectively是主句，_ correctly是條件狀語(yǔ)，修飾ordinary soap，ordinary soap和use之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故要用過(guò)去分詞，a選項(xiàng)正確。4. (2018·天津卷) i didn't mean _anything but the ice cream looked so good that i couldnt help_ it.a. to eat；to try b. eating；tryingc. eating；to try d. to eat； trying【答案】d【解析】考查短語(yǔ)固定搭配。句意：我不打算吃任何東西，但冰淇淋看起來(lái)如此的

15、好以至于我忍不住的要試一試。固定短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)mean to do（打算做），couldnt help doing忍不住做。故選d。5. (2018·天津卷) i need a new passport so i will have to have my photographs_.a. taking b. taken c. being taken d. take【答案】b6. (2018·江蘇卷) around 13,500 new jobs were created during the perio

16、d, _ the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.a. having exceeded b. to exceedc. exceeded d. exceeding【答案】d【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：在這期間，大約創(chuàng)造13,500個(gè)新的工作，超過(guò)市場(chǎng)分析師持有的12,000的預(yù)期數(shù)量。分析全句可知，這里指前一件事情所帶來(lái)自然而然的結(jié)果，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。故選d。7. (2017·天津卷) the hospital has recently obtain

17、ed new medical equipment, _ more patients to be treated. a. being allowed b. allowing c. having allowed d. allowed【答案】b【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)。句意：近期這個(gè)醫(yī)院購(gòu)進(jìn)了新的醫(yī)療設(shè)備，允許更多的病人被治療。前句購(gòu)進(jìn)醫(yī)療設(shè)備和后面允許更多的病人被治療之間是必然的結(jié)果關(guān)系，用doing即現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示順理成章的結(jié)果。a. being allowed 表示被動(dòng)且正在進(jìn)行 c. having allowed 強(qiáng)調(diào)先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生 d. allowed 表示被動(dòng)且完成，故選b。8.

18、(2017·江蘇卷) many chinese brands, _ their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.a. having developed b. being developed c. developed d. developing【答案】a9. (2017·北京卷) many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online _ their valuable

19、 time. a. save b. saving c. to save d. saved【答案】c【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：許多航空公司現(xiàn)在允許乘客網(wǎng)上打印他們的登機(jī)牌來(lái)節(jié)省時(shí)間。此處是動(dòng)詞不定式表目的，故選c。10. (2017·北京卷) the national park has a large collection of wildlife, _ from butterflies to elephants. a. ranging b. range c. to range d. ranged 【答案】a【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：國(guó)家公園有許多的野生動(dòng)物，包括從蝴蝶到大象等等

20、。此處野生動(dòng)物和 range之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞，故選a。二、單句填空1. (2018·新課標(biāo)i卷) you don't have to run fast or for long_ (see) the benefit【答案】to see【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：你不必快跑或跑很長(zhǎng)的距離才會(huì)看到益處，此處to see the benefit 作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。故答案為to see。2. (2018·新課標(biāo)i卷) you may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _ (die) ear

21、ly by running.【答案】dying【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?？涨坝薪樵~of, 介詞后出現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞，只能用這個(gè)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)。故答案為dying。3. (2018·新課標(biāo)ii卷) china's approach to protecting its environment while _ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's juergen voegele.【

22、答案】feeding【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。while是連詞，后跟動(dòng)詞-ing作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，故答案為feeding。4. (2018·新課標(biāo)iii卷) i quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid _(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel_(challenge).【答案】looking; challenged5. (2018·新課標(biāo)iii卷) once his message was delivered, he allowed me _ (stay)and w

23、atch.【答案】to stay【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，掌握allow sb to do sth（允許某人做某事），故答案為to stay。6. (2018·浙江卷) i still remember_(visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and i was shocked when i learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.【答案】visiting【解析】考查remember的用法，remember to do記得要做，remember doing,記

24、得做過(guò)。此處表明記得拜訪過(guò)，故答案為visiting.7. (2017·新課標(biāo)i卷) they are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions【答案】to process【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。be required to do sth.為固定用法。8. (2017·新課標(biāo)i卷) by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat th

25、an they need in their diet【答案】eating【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。介詞by后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，故填eating。9. (2017·新課標(biāo)ii卷) this included digging up the road， 63 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top【答案】laying10. (2016·新課標(biāo)iii卷) people probably cooked their food in large pots, 64 (use) twigs (樹枝) t

26、o remove it【答案】using【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。use與其邏輯主語(yǔ)people之間是主謂關(guān)系，故此處用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。三、單句改錯(cuò)1. (2018·新課標(biāo)i卷) my grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.【答案】sellselling【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，介詞by后接動(dòng)詞ing形式，故答案為sell改為selling。2. (2018·新課標(biāo)ii卷) but no matter how many times i asked to watching them, m

27、y parents would not to let me.【答案】watchingwatch【解析】考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：但是不管有多少次我請(qǐng)求看（動(dòng)畫片），我的父母都不讓我看。ask to do sth請(qǐng)求做某事。故答案為watching改為watch。3. (2018·新課標(biāo)iii卷) everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.【答案】wait waiting【解析】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，此處應(yīng)用分詞作狀語(yǔ)，因此 wait改成waiting。4

28、. (2017·新課標(biāo)i卷) the instructor kept repeating the words, “speed up!”“slow down!”“ turning left”【答案】turningturn【解析】考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處為祈使句, 并和上文中的“speed up”和“slow down”并列, 故改為動(dòng)詞原形turn。5. (2016·新課標(biāo)ii卷) we can choose between staying at home and take a trip.【答案】taketaking【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。因?yàn)閍nd連接兩個(gè)并列的成分, 且介詞后接

29、動(dòng)名詞形式, 所以將take改為taking。6. (2016·新課標(biāo)iii卷) i showed them i was independent by wear strange clothes.【答案】wearwearing【解析】考查動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。介詞后面應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)。7. (2016·浙江卷) he would ask who we were and pretend not to knowing us.【答案】knowingknow8. (2015·陜西卷) my favorite picture at the party is of my coach

30、 and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter!【答案】enjoyenjoying?！窘馕觥靠疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。在介詞of之后要用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。9. (2015·四川卷) we've been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.【答案】singsinging【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。spend time (in) doing sth. “花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事”, 為固定用法。10. (2015·浙江卷) i enjoyed sit close to the windows a

31、nd looking at the view.【答案】sitsitting【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。enjoy后要接動(dòng)詞ing形式。【對(duì)點(diǎn)測(cè)試】一、單項(xiàng)選擇1. (2018·天津市靜海縣一中) i happen_ her novel these days, while the news of the author is spreading fast in the media.a. to read b. to be reading c. to have been reading d. to be read【答案】b【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：當(dāng)這個(gè)作家的新聞在媒體上飛快傳播時(shí)，我碰巧這

32、些日子正在讀她的小說(shuō)。happen to do sth.表示“碰巧做某事”，由下文的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可知，“read”表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，用不定式的進(jìn)行時(shí)，故選b。2. (2018·北京市朝陽(yáng)區(qū)) _ an opposing idea effectively, you can use the following words and phrases.a. to express b. expressing c. expressed d. being expressed【答案】a【解析】考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：為了能有效地表達(dá)相反的觀點(diǎn)，你可以用以下的詞語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句意可知用動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)表示目

33、的，故選a。3. (2018·海淀二模) personally speaking, _the grand blueprint into reality is a long process.a. turning b. turn c. turned d. having turned【答案】a【解析】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：在我看來(lái)，將這個(gè)宏偉的藍(lán)圖變成現(xiàn)實(shí)是一個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程?！癬 the grand blueprint into reality” 做主語(yǔ)，所以要用動(dòng)名詞形式，故該空填turning。a選項(xiàng)正確。4. (2018·天津市南開中學(xué)) a 9.0 magnitude eart

34、hquake rocked the northeast coast of honshu japan, _ building in the capital tokyo and as far as osaka.a. shook b. shaking c. having shaken d. shaken.【答案】b5. (2018·天津市耀華中學(xué)) _more about chinese culture, jack has decided to take chinese folk music as an elective course.a. learn b. learned c. to l

35、earn d. to be learning【答案】c【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。這里是動(dòng)詞不定式形式的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做目的狀語(yǔ)。該句意思為：為了更多了解到中國(guó)文化，杰克決定選擇中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)音樂(lè)作為選修課。故選c6. (2018·北京市海淀區(qū)) dream of the red chamber is believed to be semi-autobiographical, _the fortunes of caos own family.a. mirrored b. to mirror c. mirroring d. mirror【答案】c【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：紅樓夢(mèng)被認(rèn)為是一部半自傳

36、性質(zhì)的小說(shuō)，它反映了曹雪芹自己家族的命運(yùn)。dream of the red chamber is believed to be semi-autobiographical是主句，_the fortunes of caos own family是定語(yǔ)，修飾dream of the red chamber，dream of the red chamber和mirror之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)，c選項(xiàng)正確。7. (2018·天津市河?xùn)|區(qū)) he let me write down his instructions sure that i would know what was a

37、fter he went away.a. making; doing b. making; to doc. to make; to do d. to make; to be done【答案】d8. (2018·天津市南開區(qū))_the effect of culture shock, he is trying to read a lot about it before going to france for further study.a. to reduce b. reduced c. reducing d. having reduced【答案】a【解析】句意：為了減少文化沖擊的影響

38、，在去法國(guó)深造之前，他嘗試看了許多書。表示目的，用不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。9. (2018·江蘇泰州中學(xué)) the artist is said during the production and thus a pirated video was sold in every part of kenya.a. to be cheated b. being cheatedc. to have been cheated d. having been cheated【答案】c【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句中考查be said to do表示“據(jù)說(shuō)”，再根據(jù)后句and thus a pirated video

39、 was sold in every part of kenya.可知事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生，故用不定式的完成式。句意：據(jù)說(shuō)這位藝術(shù)家的作品已經(jīng)被竊取了, 因此在肯尼亞的每一個(gè)地方都有盜版視頻。故選c。10. (2018·江蘇泰州中學(xué)) at the back of the room was a shy girl with two big eyes.a. sat b. sit c. seating d. seated【答案】d【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。本句是一個(gè)倒裝句，seated為形容詞作表語(yǔ)。句意：在房間的后面坐著一個(gè)害羞的女孩，有兩只大眼睛。故選d。二、單句填空1. (2018·

40、河北省衡水中學(xué)) most americans think of saint patricks day as a big party 42 (center) around drinking alcohol.【答案】centered2. (2018·河北省衡水中學(xué)) as the proverb goes: “the dragon is awake, 42 (raise) his head.”【答案】raising【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，分析句子可知，raise在句中作狀語(yǔ)，它與主語(yǔ)the dragon是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填raising。3. (2018·重慶市一中) but

41、 boys in a single-sex school are said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that help develop their emotional expressiveness than_44_(teach) alongside girls,【答案】taught【解析】考查過(guò)去分詞。句中主語(yǔ)boys和動(dòng)詞teach是被動(dòng)關(guān)系用過(guò)去分詞，指男孩們被教，故填taught.4. (2018·河北省衡水中學(xué)) to deal with these probl

42、ems, the company came up with the idea of encouraging people 48 (return) the bikes to stations by rewarding free time for their next rides.【答案】to return【解析】encourage sb to do sth固定搭配，意為鼓勵(lì)某人做某事。故填to return。5. (2018·河北曲周縣一中) he has done a great job in his assignment for his science class, 43 (wit

43、ness) the reproduction of animals is a precious experience for kids.【答案】witnessing【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞witnessing作狀語(yǔ)，與主語(yǔ)he是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填witnessing。6. (2018·河北石家莊二中) this site reports science news 44 (cover) a wide range of subjects.【答案】covering【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。cover與其邏輯主語(yǔ)this site之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞，填covering。7. (2

44、018·河北石家莊二中) the increase is 0.5 percentage points higher than the targeted growth, partly 44 (drive) by strong efforts to increase the use of new technology at traditional enterprises(企業(yè))【答案】driven【解析】考查過(guò)去分詞。句意：這個(gè)增幅比目標(biāo)增長(zhǎng)率高0.5個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，部分是受傳統(tǒng)企業(yè)大力增加使用新技術(shù)的努力的驅(qū)使。此處是用過(guò)去分詞driven作狀語(yǔ)，與主語(yǔ)the increase是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故

45、填driven.8. (2018·河南南陽(yáng)市一中) as the economy developed, autos pushed bikes off the roads, 43 (create) heavy pollution and miserable traffic.【答案】creating9. (2018·河南南陽(yáng)市一中) researchers who came from many countries traveled through the taklamakan desert, which is now in xinjiang, to explore ancien

46、t sites along the silk road, 46 (lead) to many discoveries and studies,【答案】leading【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。lead與其邏輯主語(yǔ)researchers之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞，填leading。10. (2018·河南鄭州市一中) many of the pictures also showed people 46 (follow) animals and trying to kill them for food.【答案】following【解析】本題考查了非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意為：人們?cè)谧分饎?dòng)物，

47、并且想把它們殺掉當(dāng)食物。此題是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞題，句子有兩種處理方式，如果按照非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主語(yǔ)是follow的發(fā)出者，所以應(yīng)當(dāng)用following，如果把后半部分視作從句，則應(yīng)該用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。確定答案(were) following。三、單句改錯(cuò)1. (2018·衡水金卷調(diào)研卷) knowing your own potentials and making practical goals instead of setting high expectations can keep yourself away from heavy burden, thus enjoy good mental

48、health.【答案】enjoyenjoying【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：了解自己的潛力，制定實(shí)際的目標(biāo)，而不是設(shè)定很高的期望，可以讓自己遠(yuǎn)離沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)，結(jié)果享受良好的心理健康。此處是現(xiàn)在分詞做自然的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，故把enjoy改成enjoying。2. (2018·山東聊城市) thank you so much for inviting me to take part in the winter camp organizing by your school in the coming winter holiday.【答案】organizing organized【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

49、詞。organize與其邏輯主語(yǔ)the winter camp之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，所以organizing 改成 organized。3. (2018·山東祁縣) nowadays, take chinas high-speed trains is a popular way to travel. firstly, its fast and convenient.【答案】taketaking【解析】第一句話句子沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)，所以用動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)，故把take-taking。4. (2018·山東壽光市一中) second, seeing a film, liste

50、ning to music or hang out with our friends will also be excited.【答案】hanghanging5. (2018·山西孝義市) the people serving there were deeply moved and showed our gratefulness.【答案】servingserved【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。serve和被修飾詞the people之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。句意：在那里服侍的人深受感動(dòng)。故serving改為served。6. (2018·四川南陽(yáng)山中學(xué)) felt quite sorry for that, i began to think about how to do to help.【答案】feltfeeling【解析】考查現(xiàn)狀分詞。句意：對(duì)此感到非常抱歉，我開始思考幫忙做什么。