定語從句翻譯方法

1、精品資料歡迎下載定語從句的翻譯英語中， 定語從句分成限制性從句與非限制性從句兩種。他們?cè)谟⒄Z中的位置一般是在其所修飾的先行詞后面。限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句的其別只是在于限制意義的強(qiáng)弱。而漢語中定語作為修飾語通常在其所修飾的詞前面，并且沒有限制意義的強(qiáng)弱之分，因此，限制與非限制在翻譯中并不起十分重要的作用。英語中多用結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的定語從句，而漢語中修飾語則不宜臃腫。所以，在翻譯定語從句時(shí)，一定要考慮到漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。從結(jié)構(gòu)上分析，常見的定語從句翻譯方法：一、前置法：把定語從句翻譯到所修飾的先行詞前面，可以用“的”來連接。既然定語從句的意義是作定語修飾語，所以在翻譯的時(shí)候， 通常把較短的定語從

2、句譯成帶“的”的前置定語，翻譯在定語從句的先行詞前面。He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.沒有吃過苦的人不知道什么是甜。Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.太空和海洋是科學(xué)家們努力探索的新領(lǐng)域。His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence.他那富有感染力的笑聲打破了沉寂。Harmonious interpersonal rel

3、ationship is the primary reason why I enjoy working here.同事之間關(guān)系融洽是我喜歡在這工作的主要原因。二、后置法：把定語從句翻譯在所修飾的先行詞后面，翻譯為并列分句。英語的英語從句結(jié)構(gòu)常常比較復(fù)雜， 如果翻譯在其修飾的先行詞前面的話， 會(huì)顯得定語太臃腫，而無法敘述清楚。這時(shí)，可以把定語從句翻譯在先行詞后面，譯成并列分句。翻譯時(shí)可以用兩種方法來處理：（一）重復(fù)先行詞由于定語從句的先行詞通常在定語從句中充當(dāng)句子成分， 如果單獨(dú)把定語從句翻譯出來的話，常常需要重復(fù)先行詞，還可以用代詞代替先行詞來重復(fù)。China and Japan reache

4、d agreement on the issue of agriculture which was a major barrier for their bilateral relation since 1996.中日兩國最終就農(nóng)業(yè)問題達(dá)成了協(xié)議， 而農(nóng)業(yè)問題自一九九六年起就是兩國關(guān)系發(fā)展的主要障礙。We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee, whose activities deserve tobe encouraged.在我們對(duì)特別委員會(huì)表示滿意，特別委員會(huì)的工作應(yīng)該受到鼓勵(lì)。You, whose

5、 predecessors scored initial success in astronomical research, have acquired a greater accomplishment in this respect.你們的先輩在天文學(xué)研究方面取得了初步的成功， 而你們現(xiàn)在則在這一方面獲得了更大的成就。Although he is a green hand, he has enterprise and creativity which are decisive in winning success in the field.他雖然經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足，但很有進(jìn)取心和創(chuàng)造力，而這正是在這一

6、領(lǐng)域獲得成功的關(guān)鍵。略先行詞（二）省樓下有人要見你。 （原句中的主句部分句子的謂語部分。 ）精品資料歡迎下載如果把定語從句翻譯在先行詞后面，在“通順、完整”的前提下，有時(shí)候可以不用重復(fù)先行詞。It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.是他接到那封信，說你的叔叔去世了。They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased.他們制定出一種新方案，采用之后生產(chǎn)已迅速得到提高。After dinn

7、er, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night.飯后，四個(gè)主要談判人物繼續(xù)進(jìn)行會(huì)談，一直談到深夜。They worked out a new method by which efficiency has now been dramatically improved.他們制訂出一種新方案，采用之后工作效率大大提高。三、融合法：把定語從句和它所修飾的先行詞結(jié)合在一起翻譯。融合法是指翻譯時(shí)把主句和定語從句融合成一句簡(jiǎn)單句， 其中的定語從句譯成單句中的謂語部分。由于限制性定語從句

8、與主句關(guān)系較緊密，所以，融合法多用于翻譯限制性定語從句。A 定語從句的主句里有“ there be ”、“ to be ”等動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以把原句中的主語和定語從句融合在一起，譯成簡(jiǎn)單句。例如：There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.there is a man翻譯成“有人” ，然后將定語從句譯成There are some students in the class who dislike studying.在班上總有一些學(xué)生不愛學(xué)習(xí)。This is the very knife which he used to murder the vic

9、tim.他就是用這把刀謀殺了受害人。This was the period when Newton began the research which resulted in the creation of his famous Theory of Gravity.就在這期間，牛頓開始了一項(xiàng)研究。經(jīng)過這項(xiàng)研究，他創(chuàng)立了著名的重力理論。B 定語從句的動(dòng)詞在整個(gè)復(fù)合句中分量較重，可將其主句壓縮成詞組譯作主語，而把定語從句的動(dòng)詞譯作其謂語。例如：He had great success in football which made him an idol in the eyes of every fo

10、otball player.他在足球領(lǐng)域取得的成就使他成為每一個(gè)足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員的偶像。四、分譯法： 分譯法是指將主句和從句分開翻譯的一種方法， 主要用于較長(zhǎng)的非限制性定語從句里。采用這種方法可避免句子的冗長(zhǎng)和累贅。 有些定語從句在修飾關(guān)系上與先行詞之間關(guān)系顯得較為疏遠(yuǎn)，這時(shí)，我們通常會(huì)將定語從句譯成獨(dú)立的句子。One was a violent thunderstorm, the worst I had ever seen, which obscured my objective.有一次暴風(fēng)驟雨，猛烈的程度實(shí)在是我平生所鮮見的。這場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雨遮住了我的目標(biāo)。Nevertheless the probl

11、em was solved successfully, which showed that the computations were accurate.不過問題還是圓滿地解決了，這說明計(jì)算是很精確的。從定語從句的性質(zhì)和功能分析，翻譯方法：A表原因The manager was giving a dinner for a few people whom he wished especially to talk to or tohear from.經(jīng)理只宴請(qǐng)了幾個(gè)人，因?yàn)樗貏e想和這些人談?wù)?，聽聽他們的意見。精品資料歡迎下載No one in the company likes their bo

12、ss, who is stingy and bad-tempered.公司里沒人喜歡他們的老板，因?yàn)樗獗┰?、人又小氣。B 表結(jié)果The two countries established formal diplomatic relation, which paved the way for the further communication.兩國正式建立了外交關(guān)系，從而為雙方進(jìn)一步的交流鋪平了道路。They quarreled with each other everyday, which led to their divorce.他們夫妻二人天天吵架，最終導(dǎo)致離婚。C 表讓步He ins

13、isted on buying another car, which he actually didn t need.他堅(jiān)持要再買一輛車，盡管他并不需要。My father, who thought it might not work, supported me.盡管父親認(rèn)為這個(gè)辦法可能不會(huì)起作用，但還是支持我。D 表目的This company, which wants to get their new product sold well in the market, is trying hard to perfect its packing and workmanship.為了使新產(chǎn)品在市場(chǎng)熱銷，這個(gè)公司正在全力改進(jìn)工藝和外包裝。E 表轉(zhuǎn)折She is quite considerate and kind, which her younger sister never is.她非常善良，體貼，而她妹妹卻從不這樣。To succeed in this area, one needs profound knowledge