2016年12月六級真題(第2套)(試題)(1)(1)

1、2016年12月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題（第 2套）Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on innovation. Your essay should include the importanee of innovation and measures to be taken to encourage inno vati on. You are required to write at least 150 words but no

2、more tha n 200 words.Part nListening Comprehension(30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this sect ion, you will hear two long eon versati ons. At the end of each eon versati on, you will hear four questi ons. Both the con versati on and the questi ons will be spoke n only once. After you hear a questi

3、on, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the cen tre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) They were all good at cook ing.B) They were particu

4、lar about food.C) They were proud of their cuis ine.D) They were fond of bac on and eggs.2. A) His pare nts.B) His frie nds.C) His schoolmates.D) His pare nts ' frien ds.3. A) No tea was served with the meal.B) It was the real En glish breakfast.C) No one of the group ate it.D) It was a little o

5、vercooked.4. A) It was full of exciteme nt.B) It was really extraord in ary.C) It was a risky experie nee.D) It was rather disappo in ti ng.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) The woma n's relati on ship with other shops.B) The bus in ess success of the woma

6、n's shop.C) The key to running a shop at a low cost.D) The woma n's earnings over the years.6. A) Improve its customer service.B) Expa nd its bus in ess scale.C) Keep dow n its expe nses.D) Upgrade the goods it sells.7. A) They are sold at lower prices than in other shops.B) They are very po

7、pular with the local residents.C) They are delivered free of charge.D) They are in great demand.8. A) To follow the custom of the local shopkeepers.B) To attract more customers in the neighborhood.C) To avoid being put out of business in competition.D) To maintain friendly relationships with other s

8、hops.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) an

9、d D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre. Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) They can be used to deliver messages in times of emergency.B) They deliver pollutants from the ocean to their nesting sites.C) They ca

10、rry plant seeds and spread them to faraway places.D) They are on the verge of extinction because of pollution.10. A) They migrate to the Arctic Circle during the summer.B) They originate from Devon Island in the Arctic area.C) They travel as far as 400 kilometers in search of food.D) They have the a

11、bility to survive in extreme weathers.11. A) They were carried by the wind.B) They had become more poisonous.C) They were less than on the continent.D) They poisoned some of the fulmars.12. A) The threats humans pose to Arctic seabirds.B) The diminishing colonies for Arctic seabirds.C) The harm Arct

12、ic seabirds may cause to humans.D) The effects of the changing climate on Arctic seabirds.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.13. A) It has decreased.B) It has been exaggerated.C) It has become better understood.D) It has remained basically the same.14. A) It develops mor

13、e easily in centenarians not actively engaged.B) It is now the second leading cause of death for centenarians.C) It has had no effective cure so far.D) It calls for more intensive research.15. A) They care more about their physical health.B) Their quality of life deteriorates rapidly.C) Their minds

14、fail before their bodies do.D) They cherish their life more than ever.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer fro

15、m the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) They are focused more on attraction than love.B) They were done by his former colleague at Y

16、ale.C) They were carried out over a period of some thirty years.D) They form the basis on which he builds his theory of love.17. A) The relationship cannot last long if no passion is involved.B) Intimacy is essential but not absolutely indispensable to love.C) It is not love if you don't wish to

17、 maintain the relationship.D) Romance is just impossible without mutual understanding.18. A) Which of them is considered most important.B) Whether it is true love without commitment.C) When the absence of any one doesn't affect the relationship.D) How the relationship is to be defined if any one

18、 is missing.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Social work as a profession.B) The history of social work.C) Academic degrees required of social work applicants.D) The aim of the National Association of Social Workers.20. A) They try to change people's social

19、 behavior.B) They help enhance the well-being of the underprivileged.C) They raise people's awareness of the environment.D) They create a lot of opportunities for the unemployed.21. A) They have all received strict clinical training.B) They all have an academic degree in social work.C) They are

20、all members of the National Association.D) They have all made a difference through their work.22. A) The promotion of social workers' social status.B) The importance of training for social workers.C) Ways for social workers to meet people's needs.D) Social workers' job options and respon

21、sibilities.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23. A) To fight childhood obesity.B) To help disadvantaged kids.C) To en courage kids to play more sports.D) To urge kids to follow their role models.24. A) They best boost product sales whe n put on li ne.B) They are most

22、effective when appearing on TV .C) They are beco ming more and more prevale nt.D) They impress kids more tha n they do adults.25. A) Always place kids' in terest first.B) Do what they advocate in public.C) Message positive behaviors at all times.D) Pay atte nti on to their image before childre n

23、.Part 川Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this sect ion, there is a passage with ten bla nks. You are required to select one word for each bla nk from a list of choices give n in a word bank follow ing the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.

24、Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresp onding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a si ngle line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.The tree people in the Lo

25、rd of the Rings the En ts can get around by walk ing. But for real trees, it's harder to uproot. Because they're literally rooted into the ground, they are un able to leave and go 26.When a tree first starts grow ing in a certa in area, it's likely that the27en velopethetemperature, humi

26、dity, rain fall patter ns and so on suits it. Otherwise, it would be un able to grow from a seedling. But as it 28, these conditions may change and the area around it may noIon ger be suitable for its 29.When that happens, many trees like walnuts, oaks and pines, rely 30 on so-called“ scatter hoarde

27、rs, ” such as birds, to move their seeds to new localities. Many birds like to store food for the win ter, which they 31 retrieve.When the birds forget to retrieve their food and they do sometimes a seedling has a chance to grow. The bird Clark's nutcracker, for example, hides up to 100,000 seed

28、s per year, up to 30 kilometers away from the seed source, and has a very close symbiotic (共生的) relati on ship with several pine species, most 32 the whitebark pine.As trees outgrow their ideal 33 in the face of climate cha nge, these flying ecosystem engin eers could be a big help in 34 trees. It&#

29、39;s a solutio n for us gett ing birds to do the work is cheap and effective and it could give 35 oaks and pines the opti on to truly“ make like atree and leave. ”A) agesB) breath ingC) climaticD) elsewhereE) exclusivelyF) foreverG) fruitfulH) habitatsI) legacyJ) notablyK) offspringL) replantingM) s

30、ubsequentlyN) vulnerableO) withdrawsSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph m

31、ore than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The American Workplace Is Broken. Here's How We Can Start Fixing It. A Americans are working longer and harder hours than ever before. 83% of workers say they're

32、stressed about their jobs, nearly 50% say work-related stress is interfering with their sleep, and 60% use their smartphones to check in with work outside of normal working hours. No wonder only 13% of employees worldwide feel engaged in their occupation.B Glimmers (少許) of hope, however, are beginni

33、ng to emerge in this bruising environment: Americans are becoming aware of the toll their jobs take on them, and employers are exploring ways to alleviate the harmful effects of stress and overwork. Yet much more work remains to be done. To call stress an epidemic isn't exaggeration. The 83% of

34、American employees who are stressed about their jobs up from 73% just a year before say that poor compensation and an unreasonable workload are their number-one sources of stress. And if you suspected that the workplace had gotten more stressful than it was just a few decades ago, you're right.

35、Stress levels increased 18% for women and 24% for men from 1983 to 2009. Stress is also starting earlier in life, with some data suggesting that today's teens are even more stressed than adults.C Stress is taking a significant toll on our health, and the collective public health cost may be enor

36、mous. Occupational stress increases the risk of heart attack and diabetes, accelerates the aging process, decreases longevity, and contributes to depression and anxiety, among numerous other negative health outcomes. Overall, stress-related health problems account for up to 90% of hospital visits, m

37、any of them prev entable. Your job is“ literally killing you,” as The WashingtonPost put it. It's also hurting our relationships. Working parents say they feel stressed, tired, rushed and short on quality time with their children, friends and partners.D Seven in 10 workers say they struggle to m

38、aintain work-life balance. As technology (and with it, work emails) seeps( 滲入) into every aspect of our lives, work-life balance has become an almost meaningless term. Add a rapidly changing economy and an uncertain future to this 24/7 connectivity, and you've got a recipe for overwork, accordin

39、g to Phyllis Moen. “ There'srisingwork demand coupled with the insecurity of mergers, takeovers, downsizing and other factors, Moen said. “Part of the w-loifrek issue has to talk about un certainty about the future.”E These factors have converged to create an increasingly impossible situation wi

40、th many employees overworking to the point of burnout. It's not only unsustainable for workers, but also for the companies that employ them. Science has shown a clear correlation between high stress levels in workers and absenteeism （曠工 ）, reduced productivity, disengagement and high turnover. T

41、oo many workplace policies effectively prohibit employees from developing a healthy work-life balance by barring them from taking time off, even when they need it most.FThe U.S. trails far behind every wealthy nation and many developing ones that have family-friendly work policies including paid par

42、ental leave, paid sick days and breast-feeding support, according to a 2007 study. The U.S. is also the only advanced economy that does not guarantee workers paid vacation time, and it's one of only two countries in the world that does not offer guaranteed paid maternity leave. But even when emp

43、loyees are given paid time off, workplace norms and expectations that pressure them to overwork often prevent them from taking it. Full-time employees who do have paid vacation days only use half of them on average.GOur modern workplaces also operate based on outdated time constraints. The practice

44、of clocking in for an eight-hour workday is a leftover from the days of the Industrial Revolution, as reflected in the then- popular saying,“ Eight hours labor, eight hours recreation, eight hours rest.H We've held on to this workday structure but thanks to our digital devices, many employees ne

45、ver really clock out. Today, the average American spends 8.8 hours at work daily, and the majority of working professionals spend additional hours checking in with work during evenings, weekends and even vacations. The problem isn't the technology itself, but that the technology is being used to

46、 create more flexibility for the employer rather than the employee. In a competitive work environment, employers are able to use technology to demand more from their employees rather than motivating workers with flexibility that benefits them.IIn a study published last year, psychologists coined the

47、 term “workplacetelepressure t”o describe an employee's urge to immediately respond to emails and engage in obsessive thoughts about returning an email to one's boss, colleagues or clients. The researchers found that telepressure is a major cause of stress at work, which over time contribute

48、s to physical and mental burnout. Of the 300 employees participating in the study, those who experienced high levels of telepressure were more likely to agree with statements assessing burnout, like“I've no energoing to work in the morning, ”and to report feeling fatigued and unfocused. Telepres

49、sure was also correlated with sleeping poorly and missing work.JHarvard Business School professor Leslie Perlow explains that when people feel the pressure to be always“on, ” they find ways to accommodate that pressure, including altering their schedules,work habits and interactions with family and

50、friends. Perlow calls this vicious cycle the responsiveness ”: Once bosses and colleagues experience an employee's increased responsiveness, they increase their demands on the employee's time. And because a failure to accept theseincreased demands indicates a lack of commitment to one's

51、work, the employee complies. K To address skyrocketing employee stress levels, many companies have implemented workplace wellness programs, partnering with health care providers that have created programs to promote employee health and well-being. Some research does suggest that these programs hold

52、promise. A study of employees at health insurance provider Aetna revealed that roughly one quarter of those taking in-office yoga and mindfulness classes reported a 28% reduction in their stress levels and a 20% improvement in sleep quality. These less-stressed workers gained an average of 62 minute

53、s per week of productivity. While yoga and meditation (靜思) are scientifically proven to reduce stress levels, these programs do little to target the root causes of burnout and disengagement. The conditions creating the stress are long hours, unrealistic demands and deadlines, and work-life conflict.

54、L Moen and her colleagues may have found the solution. In a 2011 study, she investigated the effects of implementing a Results Only Work Environment(ROWE) on the productivity and well-being of employees at Best Buy's corporate headquarters.MFor the study, 325 employees spent six months taking pa

55、rt in ROWE, while a control group of 334 employees continued with their normal workflow. The ROWE participants were allowed to freely determine when, where and how they worked the only thing that mattered was that they got the job done. The results were striking. After six months, the employees who

56、participated in ROWE reported reduced work-family conflict and a better sense of control of their time, and they were getting a full hour of extra sleep each night. The employees were less likely to leave their jobs, resulting in reduced turnover. It's important to note that the increased flexib

57、ility didn't encourage them to work around the clock. “ Theydidn't work anywhere and all the time they were better able to manage their work,” Moen saida.nd co“ntFrolel xisibkileity,” she continued.36. Workplace norms pressure employees to overwork, deterring them from taking paid time off.3

58、7. The overwhelming majority of employees attribute their stress mainly to low pay and an excessive workload.38. According to Moen, flexibility gives employees better control over their work and time.39. Flexibility resulting from the use of digital devices benefits employers instead of employees.40

59、. Research finds that if employees suffer from high stress, they will be less motivated, less productive and more likely to quit.41. In-office wellness programs may help reduce stress levels, but they are hardly an ultimate solution to the problem.42. Health problems caused by stress in the workplace result in huge public health expenses.43. If employees respond q