畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)--圓振動(dòng)篩設(shè)計(jì)的外文翻譯

1、Screening Vibrating screensPrinciples -Vibrating screens save space and weight and operate on little power because the screening surface may be actuated by vibrating, gyrating or pulsating movement of small amplitude, but at frequencies that normally exceed 3,000/min. Selection of Proper Vibration S

2、ereen -Be sure the screen supplier knows all details of the application. The centrifugal force factor, or combination of frequency of vibration (speed) and amplitude (throw), may affect performance of any vibrating screen. Also, a correct combination of slope and direction of mechanism rotation is v

3、ital for inclined screens. Usually, the larger the opening, the greater the amplitude needed for a screen. If the throw is too small, the material may clog or wedge in the openings. Increasing the throw beyond what is required to prevent blinding or plugging does not necessarily increase the life of

4、 the bearings and reduce screening efficiency. Increased rate of travel permits more tonnage to be passed over the screen per unit of time. For a given tonnage, a faster rate of travel results in a thinner bed of material and high screening efficiency. Maximum slope is reached when the material trav

5、els too fast for the fines to penetrate the ribbon of material and reach the apertures in the screen cloth. At this point an excessive amount of fine material passes over the screen with the oversize, resulting in poor efficiency. When an existing screen is to be used for an application other than t

6、hat for which it was originally intended, check with the Supplier to see if any of the operating characteristics need modification and if the the screen is structurally suitable for the new application. The operator can get the correct vibrating screen by providing the supplier with the following in

7、formation: · Maximum tons per hour to be screened, including any circulating load or any surges in the feed rate. · A complete size consist or sieve analysis of the material or, if available, an estimated analysis. · Type of material and weight per cubic foot in broken state. · S

8、eparations desired on each deck. · Surface moisture carried by the material if screening is to be dry or amount of water with feed if wet. · Special operating requirements or conditions such as temperature, abrasiveness, corrosiveness or other physical characteristics of the feed, efficien

9、cy or product requirements which determine selection of screening surface, or installation problems which affect screen size selection or capacity. General Types -Vibrating screens may be divided into two main classes: mechanically-vibrated and electrially-vibrated. The former can be subdivided into

10、 classes based on how the vibration is produced-by eccentrics; by unbalanced weight; by cams or bumpers. They can also be subdivided as inclined and horizontal. Sizes -Vibrating screens are made in standard sizes of from 12 in. to 10 ft wide and from 2 1/2 ft to 28 ft long. Common practice dictates

11、that the length of the screen should be 2.5 times the width for dry screening. For wet screening, wider and shorter screen is best. Screens for scalping ahead of primary crushers, operate at a slope of from 12 degrees to 18 degrees and have openings as large as 11-in. square. The eccentric throw for

12、 openings from 5 to 11 in. is usually 1/2 in.; for openings from 3 to 5 in. about 3/8 in.; and for smaller openings 1/4 in. The screening surface consists of a heavy cast desk, perforated steel with or without skid bars welded between the holes, rod deck, etc. The mechanical shaking screen comprises

13、 a rectangular frame, with perforated steel or wire cloth screening medium. It is usually inclined and suspended on loose rods or cables. These screens now are used mainly for special tasks of coarse screening, having given way to vibrating screens.Electrically-Heated Screens -Electrically heated sc

14、reen cloth decks have afforded better screening and less dust. Modern or updated screening operations, now handling clays, limestone, potash, salts, phosphates and various hydroscopic materials, report minimum dust loss when equipped with heated screens. The controlling factor in this improvement is

15、 the electrically-heated screen doth deck. Any vibratory screen with fine opening (less than 1/2 in.) can be equipped with low volt-age-high amperage resistance heating. The principle of electric heating is based on the fact that small diameter wire of screen cloth (especially stainless steel) serve

16、s as a conductor, but offers resistance to a high-amperage current. This resistance causes heating of the wire when powerful transformer and specially designed bus bars connected to screen doth decks push up to 6,000 amps current into a circuit. The current is safe and shock-proof because voltage is

17、 low, ranging from approximately 1 1/2 to 16 volts. Workers can do their jobs around electrically-heated screens without special precautions. Heated screens are effective in preventing moisture content of material from causing buildup and blinding. The screen wire is kept at 100 degrees to 130 degre

18、es F depending on character and tonnage of the material processed. This temperature is not high enough to weaken the wire cloth or screen structure, nor does it suffice to drive off moisture held in material. The warm wire stays dry, breaking the surface tension that otherwise would bind damp materi

19、al to cold, damp metal. This differential or warm, dry screen wire versus cold, damp material can be maintained economically through transformer control settings. With every opening in the heated screen mesh protected against blinding, there is no guesswork about what size particle will be delivered

20、. A uniform, unvarying quality to meet tough specifications comes through day after day, no matter what the weather. (High humidity makes trouble with unheated screens.) Plants operating heated screens will have no trouble with excessive amounts of fine, dusty material that formerly sifted through r

21、educed meshes on clogged screens. Service life of screen cloth is greatly increased when electric heating ends the punishment of old-fashioned cleaning methods, such as rough pounding or brushing. Blowtorch flames put too much heat in one spot and bouncing chains added to wear and tear. But, screens

22、 kept clean and open with electric heating reportedly are seldom mistreated and last up to eight times as long. Heated decks end the threat of pile ups and strains that can break the mesh. Economical operation of electric heating for screens requires one transformer for installations of up to three

23、panels of screen cloth (maximum area 4- x 12-ft). Two transformers are used on longer decks. Any deck (top, center or bottom) can be heated. Electric heating is most desirable of all where a screen surface is hard to get at. Changing heated screens does not involve more unbolting than needed for ord

24、inary screens. In specifying screens to deliver a uniform particle through heated mesh, the first thing to consider is weight per square foot of the wire cloth needed to set up appropriate resistance. Most calculations are based on square openings. Slotted openings must be identified as to width of

25、clear opening, diameter of wire and number of wires per inch before weight per square foot can be found in any screen cloth manufacturer's catalog. Having determined the usable weight per square foot of screen cloth, the next step is to select the size of clear opening needed, making no allowanc

26、e for reduction in this size as formerly was the case when material stuck to the wires. Heated wires will maintain the clear opening at all times, making it possible to screen finer without blinding. From a wire catalog, select a mesh weighing no more per square foot (can weigh less) than determined

27、 using the method above with the clear opening characteristics desired. This often turns out to be a more efficient screen because the wire diameter will be smaller and the percentage of the open area will be greater. For example, where a 1/8-in. clear opening was desired (but often blinded) on unhe

28、ated screens, the wire diameter was 0.63 and the open area was 44 percent. The cloth weighed 1.43 lb/ft. 2. For a heated 3- x 12-ft screen, the weight must not exceed 1.1 lb/ft2. Two options were found in cloth with 1/8-in. clear opening: wire diameter .054 weighing 1.09 lb/ft2 providing 48.8 percen

29、t open area; and wire diameter .047 weighing 0.85 lb/ft2 with a 52.8 percent open area. Load conditions may make fine diameters of carbon steel wire inadequate. In such cases, stainless steel wire of larger diameter with greater load-carrying capacity will have the necessary resistance for good heat

30、ing. Lighter wire with more open area yields higher tonnage and heated mesh stays open 100 percent. Two screen cloths connected in a series may be of different mesh sizes or clear openings, as long as they both weigh the same per ft2 and do not exceed the weight allowed for that particular size of s

31、creen. With heated screens, major savings in pollution control are possible. Also moisture content of material is reportedly increased in a range of 5 to 8 percent. This moisture is added during or after crushing-grinding operations and holds down dust during transfer of material and passage over he

32、ated screens. Warm wire handles 5 to 8 percent moisture in stride. The cost of heating equipment and mist spraying reportedly is less than the cost of having bag towers and precipitators. 振動(dòng)篩的選擇振動(dòng)篩的選擇原則：選擇振動(dòng)篩的原則是所選擇的振動(dòng)篩要節(jié)省空間、重量并且驅(qū)動(dòng)的功率要小，因?yàn)楹Y選表面可以驅(qū)動(dòng)并且發(fā)生振動(dòng)。同時(shí)還要保證旋轉(zhuǎn)或脈動(dòng)運(yùn)動(dòng)振幅要小,但振動(dòng)篩的振動(dòng)頻率在通常情況下是要超過(guò)三千次每分鐘的。選

33、擇合適的振動(dòng)顯示屏：要確定顯示屏供應(yīng)商知道所有有關(guān)方面的使用細(xì)節(jié)。離心力或組合頻率振動(dòng)（速度）以及振幅（投擲）等因素都可能影響到任何振動(dòng)篩的正常工作。此外,需要有一個(gè)正確的組合坡度和方向的輪換機(jī)制，這對(duì)于顯示屏來(lái)說(shuō)是至關(guān)重要的。通常情況下，振動(dòng)篩需要大開(kāi)放、大振幅的顯示屏。如果投入太少的話(huà)，則這些材料可能出現(xiàn)木屐或楔形開(kāi)口等情況。增加投入以后，需要知道如何防止堵塞因?yàn)槎氯遣槐匾模視?huì)增加日常軸承的磨損以及和降低篩選的效率。單位時(shí)間內(nèi)材料上升速率曲線(xiàn)都要通過(guò)整個(gè)屏幕,因此該處材料以較快的速率通過(guò)較薄的車(chē)床的同時(shí)需要用較高的效率來(lái)進(jìn)行篩選。當(dāng)材料速度過(guò)快導(dǎo)致材料絲帶被擊穿并當(dāng)材料到達(dá)屏幕布料

34、開(kāi)口處時(shí)出現(xiàn)最大傾斜角。此時(shí)大量的優(yōu)質(zhì)材料通過(guò)屏幕的速度過(guò)快，從而導(dǎo)致效益不佳。 當(dāng)一個(gè)現(xiàn)有的屏幕畫(huà)面出現(xiàn)故障時(shí)，如果該屏幕的結(jié)構(gòu)還適合于新的應(yīng)用，這時(shí)應(yīng)及時(shí)進(jìn)行檢查并詢(xún)問(wèn)供應(yīng)商，看看是否有需要修改的地方。操作者還可以通過(guò)供應(yīng)商提供的下列資料得到良好的振動(dòng)篩: 通過(guò)最高每小時(shí)噸數(shù)進(jìn)行篩選，包括任何循環(huán)負(fù)荷或任何突然增加的進(jìn)給速度。通過(guò)一個(gè)完整的粒度分析或?qū)Σ牧线M(jìn)行篩分分析，如果條件允許的話(huà)，最好使用估計(jì)分析法。材料的種類(lèi)和每立方米重量失效的概率。各個(gè)篩板的預(yù)期斷裂的情況。通過(guò)表面材料所攜帶的水分進(jìn)行篩選，如果是潮濕的需要將水份曬干或添加一定數(shù)量的材料。特殊的操作要求或條件，例如溫度、磨損情況、

35、腐蝕情況或具有其他物理特性的材料、效率或產(chǎn)品的要求，確定篩選表面或安裝問(wèn)題，因?yàn)檫@將直接影響到屏幕尺寸的選擇以及屏幕實(shí)際使用的能力。一般的類(lèi)型：振動(dòng)篩可分為兩大類(lèi):一類(lèi)為機(jī)械振動(dòng)型振動(dòng)篩，另一類(lèi)為電力振動(dòng)型振動(dòng)篩。 前者是根據(jù)振動(dòng)是如何產(chǎn)生的可被細(xì)分入類(lèi)由偏心輪產(chǎn)生；由失衡的重量產(chǎn)生；由凸輪或防撞器產(chǎn)生；它們也可以按照傾斜和橫向進(jìn)行細(xì)分。 尺寸：振動(dòng)的屏幕通常被制造成寬為從12英尺到10英尺，長(zhǎng)為從2 1 / 2英尺到28英尺。在通常情況下，干式篩選顯示屏的長(zhǎng)度應(yīng)該是寬度的2.5 倍。對(duì)于濕式篩選來(lái)說(shuō)，更寬和更短的屏幕是最好的選擇。為防止屏幕提前而導(dǎo)致被壓碎，操作斜率應(yīng)保持在12度至18度左右

36、，并有多達(dá)11種開(kāi)口情況。異常投擲為開(kāi)頭從5英尺到11英尺通常是1/2英尺；開(kāi)頭為3英尺到5英尺，大約3 / 8英尺和較小的開(kāi)口1/4英尺。篩選表面是由一輛重型鑄造服務(wù)臺(tái)、鋼穿孔或無(wú)打滑焊接鋼筋之間的空隙、篩網(wǎng)等部分組成的。機(jī)械振動(dòng)篩的屏幕由一個(gè)長(zhǎng)方形框架、已打孔的鋼或絲織物組成。它通常傾斜和暫停在懸浮松散桿或電纜上。這些屏幕現(xiàn)在主要用于有特殊任務(wù)的時(shí)侯，此時(shí)應(yīng)讓位給振動(dòng)篩的屏幕。電熱屏幕-電熱布屏幕面板提供了較佳的保護(hù)功能并且具有粉塵少等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。現(xiàn)代或更新篩選作業(yè)，現(xiàn)在處理粘土、石灰石、鉀、鹽、磷和各種的吸濕材料，當(dāng)配備暖簾時(shí)，報(bào)告的粉塵損失最低。 控制因素在這方面的改善是使用電熱幕小靈通平臺(tái)

37、。任何振動(dòng)篩的屏幕以良好的開(kāi)幕(小于1 / 2英寸)，可配備低電壓使用年齡高的焙電阻來(lái)抵抗熱化。 電熱化的原則是基于這樣的事實(shí):小直徑線(xiàn)材絲網(wǎng)布(尤其是不銹鋼) 作為導(dǎo)體，但是能夠抵抗高焙電流。當(dāng)強(qiáng)有力的變壓器和特別地被設(shè)計(jì)的母線(xiàn)接上屏 幕面板被推至6000安培電流進(jìn)入電路時(shí)，這種抵抗導(dǎo)致導(dǎo)線(xiàn)的熱化目前是安全防震，因?yàn)殡妷狠^低，從大約從1 / 2伏特至16伏特。因此工人們可以在沒(méi)有殊防范措施的情況下在電熱屏幕附近安全的工作。熱屏幕能有效地防止材料的水分累積和堵塞。根據(jù)材料本身的特征和被處理的噸位，屏幕導(dǎo)線(xiàn)能夠被被保留在100 度到130 華氏度。這個(gè)溫度并不足夠高導(dǎo)致減弱導(dǎo)線(xiàn)布料或屏幕的結(jié)構(gòu)，也不足夠除去材料中的水分。 加熱導(dǎo)線(xiàn)使其保持干燥，否則會(huì)打破束縛在潮濕的材料中對(duì)冷, 潮濕的金屬的表面張力。這一差動(dòng)或溫暖、干燥篩線(xiàn)對(duì)寒冷、潮濕的材料可以通過(guò)控制設(shè)定，而變得更加經(jīng)濟(jì)合理。每個(gè)熱屏幕篩網(wǎng)的前端被保護(hù)，以避免堵塞。無(wú)法猜測(cè)多少尺寸的顆粒將被提供。無(wú)論是什么天氣，一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的、品質(zhì)不變的、滿(mǎn)足苛刻的規(guī)格每天都有通過(guò)。(高濕度造成未加熱的屏幕