CentOS7安裝MYSQL5.7.7

1、介紹：MySQL的安裝方法有多種，如yum安裝，rpm包安裝，rpm源碼編譯安裝，源碼編譯安裝，通用預(yù)編譯包安裝。其中yum安裝和rpm包安裝比較簡(jiǎn)單，軟件安裝時(shí)會(huì)自動(dòng)默認(rèn)設(shè)置，但可定制性弱版也較舊。源碼包編譯安裝可定制性強(qiáng)版本也新。下面是通用預(yù)編譯包安裝和源碼編譯安裝的方法，MySQL的版本為最新的5.7.7版。在MySQL5.7.7中有一些新的特性如：1、初始化數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)時(shí)不再使用“-mysql_install_db”而是使用了“-initialize”或是”-initialize-insecure”，區(qū)別在于“-initialize”會(huì)生成一個(gè)隨機(jī)密碼而”-initialize-insecu

2、re”不會(huì)生成密碼。2、不在生成 .mysql_secret 文件；3、不再創(chuàng)建匿名用戶MySQL賬戶；4、不再創(chuàng)建測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。編譯源碼方式安裝MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)1、安裝文件準(zhǔn)備1). 下載cmake-3.2.1.tar.gz -新版的MySQL用CMAKE編譯安裝/download/2).下載ncurses-5.9.tar.gz -安裝MySQL時(shí)需要/gnu/ncurses/3).下載bison-3.0.4.tar.gz -安裝MySQL時(shí)需要/gnu/bison/4).下載mysql-5

3、.7.7-rc.tar.gz -MySQL的源碼編譯包不要下載錯(cuò)/sites/2、安裝CMAKE及必要的軟件 1).安裝CMAKE# cd /usr/local/src# tar -zxv -f cmake-3.2.1.tar.gz # cd cmake-3.2.1# ./bootstrap# gmake# gmake install# vi /etc/profile -修改環(huán)境變量在文件末尾追加以下兩行代碼PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATHexport PATH# source /etc/profile -使修改生效# cm

4、ake version -查看cmake版本2).安裝ncurses# cd /usr/local/src# tar zxvf ncurses-5.9.tar.gz# cd ncurses-5.9# ./configure # make # make install3).安裝bison# cd /usr/local/src# tar zxvf bison-3.0.4.tar.gz# cd bison-3.0.4# ./configure # make # make install注：也可以用yum安裝比較省事：# yum y install ncurses-devel cmake 3、新建my

5、sql用戶、組及目錄# groupadd mysql -新建一個(gè)msyql組# useradd -r -g mysql mysql -新建msyql用戶禁止登錄shell# mkdir /usr/local/mysql -創(chuàng)建目錄# mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data -數(shù)據(jù)倉(cāng)庫(kù)目錄4、編譯安裝mysql# cd /usr/local/src/# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.7-rc.tar.gz# cd mysql-5.7.7-rc# cmake -如果不指定下面的參數(shù)會(huì)默認(rèn)安裝-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -

6、mysql的安裝目錄-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data/ -數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)目錄-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -字符集支持-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -字符集支持-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock -指定mysql.sock位置-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -添加INNOBASE不加建表時(shí)報(bào)錯(cuò)-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -添加ARCHIVE不加建表時(shí)報(bào)錯(cuò)-DWITH_BLACKH

7、OLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -添加BLACKHOLE不加建表時(shí)報(bào)錯(cuò)-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -添加PERFSCHEMA不加建表時(shí)報(bào)錯(cuò)報(bào)錯(cuò)：CMake Error at cmake/boost.cmake:76 (MESSAGE): You can download it with -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=<directory> This CMake script will look for boost in <directory>. If it is not there,

8、it will download and unpack it (in that directory) for you. If you are inside a firewall, you may need to use an http proxy: export http_proxy=:80Call Stack (most recent call first): cmake/boost.cmake:228 (COULD_NOT_FIND_BOOST) CMakeLists.txt:452 (INCLUDE)- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!解決

9、：從MySQL 5.7.5開(kāi)始Boost庫(kù)是必需的，下載Boost庫(kù)并上傳到/usr/local/src下，在解壓后復(fù)制到/usr/local/boost目錄下，然后重新cmake并在后面的選項(xiàng)中加上選項(xiàng)-DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost（下載：# cd /usr/local/src# tar zxvf boost_1_57_0.tar.gz# cp a /usr/local/src/boost_1_57_0 /usr/local/boost# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/

10、usr/local/mysql/data/ -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost# make -開(kāi)始編譯# make install -編譯安裝出錯(cuò)后重新運(yùn)行配置，需要?jiǎng)h除CMakeCache

11、.txt文件# make clean# rm -f CMakeCache.txt 5、設(shè)置權(quán)限并初始化MySQL系統(tǒng)授權(quán)表# cd /usr/local/mysql# chown -R mysql . -更改所有者，注意是mysql .# chgrp -R mysql . -改所屬組，注意是mysql .# bin/mysqld -initialize -user=mysql -basedir=/usr/local/mysql -datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data -以root初始化操作時(shí)要加-user=mysql參數(shù)，生成一個(gè)隨機(jī)密碼（注意保存登錄時(shí)用）# chown

12、 -R root . -改所有者，注意是root .# chown -R mysql data -更改data 目錄所有者為mysql6、創(chuàng)建配置文件# mv /etc/f f.bak -將默認(rèn)生成f改名或刪除否則啟動(dòng)服務(wù)會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)# cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files -進(jìn)入MySQL安裝目錄支持文件目錄# cp my-f /etc/f -復(fù)制模板為新的配置文件，根據(jù)需要修改文件中配置選項(xiàng)如不修改配置MySQL則按默認(rèn)配置參數(shù)運(yùn)行。# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe -user=mysql & -后臺(tái)啟動(dòng)mysql7、配置

13、mysql自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql -復(fù)制啟動(dòng)文件# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysql -增加執(zhí)行權(quán)限# chkconfig -add mysql -加入自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)# chkconfig -level 345 mysql on -設(shè)置MySQL在345等級(jí)自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)*把服務(wù)文件放到/etc/init.d/目錄下面相當(dāng)于改為了rpm包安裝的服務(wù)使用方式。8、配置Mysql系統(tǒng)環(huán)境變量# vi /etc/profile -編輯/etc/profile文件在最后添加

14、如下兩行PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATHexport PATH -不加登錄mysql時(shí)會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)“-bash: mysql: command not found”# source /etc/profile -使環(huán)境變量及時(shí)生效9、啟動(dòng)MySQL服務(wù)# /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start -啟動(dòng)mysql服務(wù)# /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server restart -重啟mysql# /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.

15、server stop -停止mysql服務(wù)*也可以用service mysql start或systemctl start mysql這樣的rpm服務(wù)命令，還可以使用絕對(duì)路徑/etc/init.d/mysql start來(lái)啟動(dòng)mysql，因?yàn)樯厦嬉呀?jīng)把啟動(dòng)方式改為了rpm服務(wù)啟動(dòng)方式。10、訪問(wèn)MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)# mysql -u root -h -p -連接mysql，輸入初始化時(shí)生成的隨機(jī)密碼mysql> alter user 'root''localhost' identified by '123456' -修改

16、root新密碼mysql>quit; -退出也可用exit;# myslq -u root -p -重新登錄時(shí)輸入新的密碼回車mysql>use mysql; -訪問(wèn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)mysql11、創(chuàng)建SSL/RSA文件# cd /usr/local/mysql/bin -切換目錄# mysql_ssl_rsa_setup -user=mysql -basedir=/usr/local/mysql -datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data -創(chuàng)建新的SSL文件通用預(yù)編譯包方式安裝MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)MySQL通用編譯包是已經(jīng)編譯好的只要解壓后配置一下就可以使用了，不用安裝。非

17、常省心省力。1、增加用戶名和用戶組# groupadd mysql# useradd -r -g mysql mysql -新建msyql用戶禁止登錄shell2、解壓MySQL通用編譯包# cd /usr/local/ -切換到存放源碼包所在目錄（這里也是安裝目錄）# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.7-m16-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -在當(dāng)前目錄解壓通用編譯包# ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.7.7-m16-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql -建立軟鏈接mysql方便操作3、設(shè)置權(quán)限并初始化MySQL系統(tǒng)授權(quán)

18、表# cd mysql -進(jìn)入軟鏈接目錄# mkdir data -新建數(shù)據(jù)目錄# chmod 770 data -更改data目錄權(quán)限為770# chown -R mysql . -更改所有者，注意是mysql .# chgrp -R mysql . -改所屬組，注意是mysql .# bin/mysqld -initialize -user=mysql -basedir=/usr/local/mysql -datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data -以root初始化操作時(shí)要加-user=mysql參數(shù)，生成一個(gè)隨機(jī)的密碼（保存登錄時(shí)使用）# chown -R root .

19、 -更改所有者，注意是root .# chown -R mysql data -更改data 目錄所有者為mysql3、創(chuàng)建配置文件并后臺(tái)啟動(dòng)mysql# mv /etc/f /etc/f.bak -f改名或刪除（默認(rèn)的f會(huì)影響mysql啟動(dòng)）# cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files -進(jìn)入MySQL安裝目錄支持文件目錄# cp my-f /etc/f -復(fù)制模板為新的配置文件，根據(jù)需要修改文件中配置選項(xiàng)如不修改配置MySQL則按默認(rèn)配置參數(shù)運(yùn)行。# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe -user=mysql & -后臺(tái)啟動(dòng)m

20、ysql4、配置mysql自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql -復(fù)制啟動(dòng)文件# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysql -增加執(zhí)行權(quán)限# chkconfig -add mysql -加入自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)# chkconfig -level 345 mysql on -設(shè)置MySQL在345等級(jí)自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)*把服務(wù)文件放到/etc/init.d/目錄下面相當(dāng)于改為了rpm包安裝的服務(wù)使用方式。5、配置Mysql系統(tǒng)環(huán)境變量# vi /etc/profile -編輯/etc/profil

21、e文件在最后添加如下兩行PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATHexport PATH -不加登錄mysql時(shí)會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)“-bash: mysql: command not found”# source /etc/profile -使環(huán)境變量及時(shí)生效6、啟動(dòng)MySQL服務(wù)# /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start -啟動(dòng)mysql服務(wù)# /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server restart -重啟mysql# /usr/local/mysql/support-file

22、s/mysql.server stop -停止mysql服務(wù)*也可以用service mysql start或systemctl start mysql這樣的rpm服務(wù)命令，還可以使用絕對(duì)路徑/etc/init.d/mysql start來(lái)啟動(dòng)mysql，因?yàn)樯厦嬉呀?jīng)把啟動(dòng)方式改為了rpm服務(wù)啟動(dòng)方式。7、訪問(wèn)MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)# mysql u root p -連接mysql，輸入初始化時(shí)生成的密碼mysql> alter user 'root''localhost' identified by '123456' -修改root新密碼mys

23、ql> quit; -退出也可用exit;# mysql -u root -p -提示輸入密碼時(shí)輸入新設(shè)置的密碼登錄mysql>use mysql; -訪問(wèn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)mysql8、創(chuàng)建SSL/RSA文件# cd /usr/local/mysql/bin -切換目錄# mysql_ssl_rsa_setup -user=mysql -basedir=/usr/local/mysql -datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data -創(chuàng)建新的SSL文件9、報(bào)錯(cuò)及解決1、登錄時(shí)報(bào)錯(cuò)# myslq u root p 報(bào)錯(cuò)：ERROR 1045 (28000): Access de

24、nied for user rootlocalhost (using password: NO) -（不輸入密碼時(shí)）ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user rootlocalhost (using password: YES) -（輸入密碼時(shí)）解決：# /etc/init.d/mysql stop -停止mysql服務(wù)# mysqld_safe -skip-grant-tables -skip-networking & -跳過(guò)權(quán)限表控制，跳過(guò)TCP/IP協(xié)議在本機(jī)訪問(wèn)# mysql u root p mysql -提示輸入密碼時(shí)直接回車mysql>update user set authentication_string=password('123456') where user='ro