外研版初三英語復(fù)習(xí)講義一

1、wishes you success! 講義一動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)一、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)在英語中，由于謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不同，或表達(dá)不同時(shí)間存在的狀態(tài)，謂語動(dòng)詞都要發(fā)生相應(yīng)的變化。這些動(dòng)詞的變化形式就叫做動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。 初中階段主要學(xué)習(xí)，掌握以下時(shí)態(tài)。 1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法 a表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、行為或存在的狀態(tài)。 常用的時(shí)間狀語有：often, usually, always, every day等。 I go to school every day except Sunday. 除了星期日，我每天上學(xué)。 我們班上有五十個(gè)學(xué)生。 b表示主語的身份或特征。 His father is a doctor. 他的

2、父親是醫(yī)生。 湯姆個(gè)子高。 c表示一種客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理 The earth is round. 地球是圓的. 太陽比月亮大。 d在條件狀態(tài)從句和時(shí)間狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。 If you don't go soon, you'll be late. 如果你不快去的話，你就要遲到了。 我將一直等到你回來。 2一般過去時(shí)的用法 a表示在過去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, just now, upon a time, in 1989, in

3、 the old days, when I was at middle school等。 He left for Beijing yesterday morning. 他昨天上午到北京去了。 你昨天下午四點(diǎn)完成工作了嗎？ b表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 I got up very early at that time. 我那時(shí)總是起得很早。 瑪麗上中學(xué)時(shí)總是起得很晚，從來都沒有足夠時(shí)間吃早飯。 3一般將來時(shí)的用法 a表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作行為或存在的狀態(tài)。 常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用，如：tomorrow, next time, next year, in a few days等。 I'

4、ll go and see her next Friday. 我下周五去看她。 他明天上午不到那兒去。 b有時(shí)沒有時(shí)間狀語，根據(jù)上下文判斷其謂語動(dòng)作是將要發(fā)生的。 I don't know who will do it. 我不知道誰將做這件事。 別著急，他會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)在那兒。 注意： 1）表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，除了用上述的一般將來時(shí)外，還可以用be going to 來表示。be going to這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)表示：a即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；b主語打算或準(zhǔn)備要做的事；c說話人根據(jù)已有的跡象判斷即將發(fā)生的事。be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)中的be隨著句子中主語的人稱而變化。 例如： We are g

5、oing to learn English. 我們將學(xué)習(xí)英語。 看這些黑云，我想天要下雨了。 2）在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，一般將來時(shí)要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替。 例如： He will come to see you when he has time. 他有空時(shí)會(huì)來看你的。 他們一回來就打電話給你。 4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法 a現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說話時(shí)謂語的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。 Who are you waiting for? 你在等誰？ 他知道我們現(xiàn)在正在幫助他 。 b在現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，但不一定說話時(shí)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。 The students are working on the farm there

6、days. 這些天學(xué)生們正在農(nóng)場(chǎng)勞動(dòng)。 c有些動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)還可用來表示將來時(shí)。這類動(dòng)詞有g(shù)o, come, leave, arrive, move, die等。 He is coming soon. 他不久就要來了。 瑪麗今天下午四點(diǎn)到達(dá)這里。 5現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法 a表示過去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響。 She has been ill for three days. 她病了三天了。 他已經(jīng)走了。 b表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 We've known each other since we were children. 我們從小就認(rèn)識(shí)。 注

7、意： 在用already, always, yet, just, ever, never等副詞作狀語時(shí)，或者由for, since引起的短語作狀語或狀語從句時(shí)，句子的謂語動(dòng)詞常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 區(qū)別： 1）have (has) been to 與have (has) gone to have (has) been to +某地，表示到過某地，說明去過某地，說話時(shí)已經(jīng)回來了。 have (has) gone to +某地，說明去某地了，說話時(shí)還沒有回來。 例如： 他去過北京三次。 他去上海了。 2）have got雖然在形式上是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，卻和have是相同的意思。 例如： Have you go

8、t any book?=Do you have any book? 你有書嗎？ 6過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或過去一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語如：then at that time, once, a moment ago等連用，或者用另一動(dòng)作表示過去的時(shí)間。 例如： 我昨晚七點(diǎn)在家寫信。 昨天晚上回家時(shí)，他在家看電視。 語態(tài)：英語的語態(tài)分主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)兩種。主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。 eg. We use a knife for cutting (主動(dòng)句). A knife is used for cutt

9、ing (被動(dòng)句)。一、構(gòu)成：be + 過去分詞eg. 1)The work is finished by him. 2)Chinese is spoken by people in China.二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/ is/ are + 過去分詞eg. English is spoken by Englishmen.2.一般過去時(shí)：was/ were + 過去分詞eg. The machines were made in China.3.一般將來時(shí):will/shall/be going to be+過去分詞eg. A sports meeting will be held

10、 in our school next week.4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/ has been + 過去分詞eg. The work has been done by them.5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/ is/ are being + 過去分詞。eg. A new school is being built in our village.6.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/ were being + 過去分詞eg. My TV set was being mended at that time.綜上所述：被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)只涉及be動(dòng)詞的變化（即：be動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)）另外注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1.含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：

11、 can / may / must / should + be + 過去分詞eg. He may be sent away from school.2.帶動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)eg. My bike needs to be mended.3.在使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，如需要指出動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者時(shí)，應(yīng)用“by + 動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者(賓格)”eg. He was called Mike by us4.不及物動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)（take place/ happen ; last ; rise ; sink ; fall等）eg. The accident was happened two days ago (改錯(cuò)) _5.

12、當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語是省to不定式時(shí)，在改作被動(dòng)語態(tài)之后，應(yīng)將省去的to還原。eg.The boss made the workers work 12 hours.The workers were made to work 12 hours.6.注意短語動(dòng)詞的完整性（即：主動(dòng)句的謂語動(dòng)詞若由v + prep / adv構(gòu)成，變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不能將這些介詞、副詞遺漏。eg. We must take care of the baby.The baby must be taken care of.當(dāng)堂練習(xí)一、寫出下列各時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成，然后寫出各時(shí)態(tài)所對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：_ _ 時(shí)間狀語 _2、一般過去

13、時(shí) _ 時(shí)間狀語_3、一般將來時(shí):_ _時(shí)間狀語_4、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)_ 時(shí)間狀語_5、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)_ 時(shí)間狀語_6、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)_ 時(shí)間狀語_二、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Mother _ (watch) TV every evening.2.We_(talk) when the teacher came in.3.He _(go) to Beijing two days ago.4.He _(leave) Chengdu in two days.5.Look! The boy_(play) football on the playground.6.My uncle _(live) here for

14、 ten years.7.Ill go fishing if it _(be) fine tomorrow.8.He said his grandpa _(be) dead for ten years.9.Ill tell you as soon as he _ (come) back.10.The teacher told us the earth _(go) round the sun.11.Look! A woman with two children _ (be) coming towards us.12.Two months _(be) quite a long time.13.He

15、 asked if Tom _(come) in two days14.The Greens _ the Great Wall twice.三、選擇填空( ) 1. Dont go and bother him. He _ in the room.       A. writes     B. has written  C. is writing     D. has been writing ( ) 2. She will have a hol

16、iday as soon as she _ the work next week.A. finishes B. doesnt finish C. will finish D. wont finish( )3. Our physics teacher told us that light _ faster than sound.A. travel B. travels C. is travelling D. has travelled( )4. -I dont know if his uncle _ tomorrow. -I think he _ if it doesnt rain.A. wil

17、l come; comes B. will come; will come C. comes; comes D. comes; will come( )5. The supermarket is far from Marys house, so she _ only once a week.A. goes shopping B. has been there C. was shopping D. has gone there( )6. Yao Ming is 2.2 _ . A. meters high B. meters tall C. meters tall D. meters heigh

18、t ( )7. -Do you like that coat over there? -Yes, it_ very soft.A. felt B. feels C. is feeling D. is felt( )8. The shop here _ at half past eight in the morning, so you cant go until half past eight.A. opens B. is open C. is opened D. is opening( )9. They _ some books from the library last week.A. le

19、nd B. lends C. buy D. borrowed( )30. -Hi, Carol. How was your trip to Disney world? -Hi, Alice. Oh, we _ a good time there.A. are having B. have had C. had D. have( )11. -Your E-mail address? I _ quite catch it.A. dont B. wont C. cant D. didnt( )12. -I called you just now, but you werent in. -Sorry,

20、 I _ the reading-room.A. was in B. have gone to C. studied D. had been in( )13. It _ that they had no chance at the moment.A. seemed B. was seemed C. seem D. is seemed( )14. The children planted more trees and flowers after they _ Greener China.A. joined B. took part in C. became D. were( )15. Look

21、at the clouds in the sky. There _ this afternoon.A. will be many rains B. is going to rain C. will rain D. is going to be a heavy rain( )16. There _ a good new TV play last night.A. has B. will have C. was D. is going to be( )17. -What is your sister doing now? -She is packing. She _ to Hong Kong ne

22、xt week.A. fly B. flew C. was flying D. is flying( )18. -Excuse me. What did you say you would like to do, Miss White? -I said Id better go back to the office. I _ someone this afternoon.A. would meet B. met C. am going to meet D. was meeting( )19. Do you know if _ back next week? If he _back, pleas

23、e let me know.A. he comes; will come B. will he come; comesC. he will come; comes D. will he come; will come( )20. -Have you seen John? -Yes. He _ the information about animals on the Internet in the computer room.A. look for B. is looking for C. looks for D. looked for課后練習(xí)：一單項(xiàng)選擇 ( )1. He said that

24、he _ with Mr. Black at that time.A. talkedB. was talkingC. is talkingD. would talk( )2. We _ English in this school since we came here.A. have studiedB. studiedC. had studiedD. were studying( )3. She _ at home until her mother came back.A. has stayedB. stayedC. had stayedD. will stay( )4. There will

25、 be an interesting movie _ two days.A. forB. inC. afterD. since( )5. She _ there until I came back.A. didnt leaveB. has stayedC. leftD. was staying( )6. It has been raining _ two hours ago.A. untilB. forC. sinceD. by( )7. His father _ since he was two years old.A. has diedB. diedC. has deathD. has b

26、een dead( )8. The meeting _ for ten minutes when I got there yesterday.A. has begunB. had begunC. has been onD. had been on( )9. He had collected over 500 stamps _ he was twelve years old.A. sinceB. forC. untilD. by the time( )10. I was doing my homework _ she rang me up last night.A. whenB. whileC.

27、 sinceD. before( )11. “Where is John?” “He _ the library.”A. has been toB. has gone toC. has been inD. has been at( )12. How long _ you _ the computer?A. have; boughtB. did; buyC. have ; hadD. will; buy( )13. She _ Shanghai for two days.A. leftB. has leftC. will leaveD. has been away from( )14. He d

28、idnt tell me anything about it _ he left.A. sinceB. untilC. by the timeD. while( )15. She _ China since she was five years old.A. has come toB. has arrived atC. has arrived inD. has been in( )16. I had finished my homework _ I watched TV last night.A. beforeB. afterC. whenD. until( )17. Miss White h

29、as been _ the music club for 4 years.A. joiningB. joinC. joinedD. in( )18. What do you think he will _ ten years?A. be forB. be atC. be toD. be in( )19. There _ two football games in our school next week.A. is going to beB. will haveC. will beD. is going to have( )20. They _ a birthday party next Fr

30、iday afternoon.A. is going to beB. will beC. will haveD. is going to have二、任務(wù)型閱讀（每小題2分，共20分）(A)Here is some information about some of the wonders of the world. I am sure you will be interested in them. The Pyramids of Egypt There are about eighty pyramids known today. The most well-known was for Pha

31、raoh(法老) Khufu. It is known as the “Great Pyramid”. Its also the largest one. Workers used about 2.3 million blocks of stone to build it. 用了20年的時(shí)間才建成(A).The Hanging Gardens of BabylonThe garden sat on a hill. It was a large and wonderful structure(建筑物). Many parts of the garden were high up on large columns(支柱). There were many big and green trees with lovely flowers. Although there are many different ideas about the garden, we are not sure whether this wonder ever existed(存在)! The Lighthouse(燈塔) of Alexa