高一英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及難點(diǎn)解析Unit5—6

1、高一英語(yǔ)各單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及重難點(diǎn)解析Unit5-6重點(diǎn)句型1. While still a student, she played roles in many plays.  連詞 + 名詞做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)2. When asked about the secret of his success, Steven Spielberg said    連詞+過去分詞做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)3. When drinking to someone's health, you raise your glasses.    連詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞做時(shí)間

2、狀語(yǔ)4. It's a custom in China to have some tea before the meal is served.     It 做形式主語(yǔ)5. Many people like this film not just because., but also  because. 并列連詞6. Having good table manners means knowing.動(dòng)名詞做主賓語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)詞匯1. comment v. 評(píng)論2. marry v. 結(jié)婚3. create v. 創(chuàng)造4. attack v. 進(jìn)攻5

3、. cruelty n. 殘酷6. escape v. 逃跑7. advice n. 忠告；建議8. afford v. 花得起(錢、時(shí)間)9. encourage v. 鼓勵(lì)10. research n. 研究11. interrupt v. 打斷；打擾12. apologize v. 道歉13. pray v. 請(qǐng)求；祈禱14. forgive v. 原諒；寬恕15. match v. 相配；相適應(yīng)16. manners n. 禮貌17. impression n. 印象18. live adj. & adv. 活的；直播的(地)19. custom n. 習(xí)慣；風(fēng)俗20. int

4、roduce vt. 介紹；引進(jìn)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1. take off 脫掉；起飛；成功2. go wrong 出錯(cuò)；出問題3. can't help doing 情不自禁做某事4. take one's place 代替某人5. run after 追逐；追蹤6. win a prize 獲獎(jiǎng)7. think highly of 贊揚(yáng)；對(duì)高度評(píng)價(jià)8. call for 需要；索取9. in all 總共10. play a role 扮演角色(作用)11. make money 掙錢12. win over 爭(zhēng)取過來(lái)13. work on 從事，致力于14. owe success

5、to 把成功歸功于某人15. start with 以開始16. run away from school逃學(xué)17. on the air 正在播出的18. do research 進(jìn)行調(diào)查19. speed up 加速20. follow the fashion 追隨時(shí)尚短語(yǔ)闖關(guān)下列短語(yǔ)都是這兩個(gè)單元學(xué)過的重要短語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)在橫線上填入一個(gè)正確的詞，每個(gè)詞4分，80分才能過關(guān)。你一定能過關(guān)，做好了闖關(guān)的準(zhǔn)備嗎?那么我們就開始吧?l. _ screen 銀幕，電影(業(yè))2. take _ 成功；成名；脫掉(衣服)；(飛機(jī))起飛3. _ wrong 走錯(cuò)路；誤入歧途；不對(duì)頭；出毛病4. ow

6、e sth _ sb 把歸功于某人5. _ all 總共；總之6. stay _ 不在家，外出7. _ school 小學(xué)8. lock sb _ 將某人鎖于某處不得進(jìn)出；將某人監(jiān)禁起來(lái)9. run _  追趕10. bring sb _ 送回某人11. _ the air正在播出的12. think highly _ 對(duì)高度評(píng)價(jià)13. leave _ 省去；遺漏；不考慮14. stare _ 盯著15. make _ about sb 以某人為笑柄16. drink (a toast) _ 為祝酒；為干杯17. win _ 戰(zhàn)勝18. _ comments on對(duì)加以評(píng)論19. l

7、ook sb _ 看望，拜訪某人20. _ a role in 在中扮演角色；在方面起作用21. _ a prize獲獎(jiǎng)22. to sb for (doing) sth因某事向某人道歉23. make a good impression _ 給留下好印象24. _ silent 保持沉默25. pay a visit _ 拜訪交際用語(yǔ)1. What do you think has happened?2. What do you know about?3. How do you like? / What do you think of? / What db you feel.?4. May

8、I interrupt you for a moment?5. Excuse me / Forgive me for. / I apologize for6. I'm (very / so / terribly) sorry. It's all my fault.7. That's all right. / That's OK. / No problem.8. I wish you all the best.9. I'm sorry. I didn't mean to.10. Let's drink (a toast) to.!單詞聚焦1

9、. afford  (1) (和can，could，be able to連用) 有 (時(shí)間、經(jīng)濟(jì)等)  條件(做某事) + to do  We can't afford to pay such a price.  afford + n. / pron. (出得起；買得起等)  They donot consider whether they can afford it or not.  (2) 經(jīng)得起 (做某事或發(fā)生某事) (多+to do)  He could not afford to lose his fort

10、une entirely.2. apologize的用法 構(gòu)詞：apology n. 辯解，道歉 搭配： apologize to sb for (doing) sth = make an apology的 sb for (doing) sth向某人為某事(為做了某事)道歉 apologize for oneself 為自己辯解或辯護(hù)【考例】NMET 1993The captain _ an apology to the passengers for the delay caused by bad weather.    A. made  &#

11、160; B. said    C. put    D. passed考查目標(biāo) apologize及其名詞的用法和搭配。答案與解析A make an apology的意思是“道歉”。3. choice的用法搭配： make a choice 選擇 make choice of 挑選，選擇，選定 make / take one's choice 任意挑選 have no choice but to do sth 非不可，除之外別無(wú)他法【考例】MET 1993 We've missed the last bus, I

12、9;m afraid we have no _ but to take a taxi.    A. way   B. choice  C. possibility    D. selection考查目標(biāo) choice的意思和習(xí)慣搭配。答案與解析B  choice是choose的名詞形式意思是“選擇”，在本句中構(gòu)成固定搭配have no choice but todo sth“不得不干”。4. determine的用法 構(gòu)詞：determination n. 決心，決斷，決意；決定，確定 搭配：

13、determine to do sth 決定做某事 determine on / upon (doing) sth 決定 a man of determination 有決斷力的人 辨析：decide；determine這兩個(gè)詞都有“決定”的意思。decide的含義是“不再遲疑不定”，而determine含義是“把某件事確定下來(lái)”。在be determined to do這個(gè)固定的結(jié)構(gòu)中。過去分詞determined的詞義為“下定了決心”。decide的名詞為decision，determine的名詞為determination。例如：At first，she decided to go to

14、 the police，起初，她決定去找警察 友情提示: decide后跟賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其含義有時(shí)是“斷定”。I decided that I must have taken a wrong turning somewhere. 我斷定我一定是在某處拐錯(cuò)彎了。The determination of the meaning of a word is often difficult without a context. 脫離上下文來(lái)確定一個(gè)詞的含義常常是困難的。注：在determine to do.，determine on (upon). 和determine that.。(賓語(yǔ)從句)三個(gè)搭配中

15、，determine的詞義和decide幾乎沒有多大差異。He determined / decided to learn medicine. 他決定學(xué)醫(yī)。注：decide sb to do sth 決定使某人做某事What decided you to give up your job? 什么因素使你決定放棄你的工作?【考例】2001京皖春招 Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must know why it does not work. For example, he must _ the parts that are wrong. &#

16、160;  A. check   B. determine   C. correct   D. recover考查目標(biāo)determine的用法。答案與解析B  determine和decide在一般情況下意思相同。5. encourage的用法 構(gòu)詞： encouraging adj. 鼓勵(lì)的，給予希望的，振奮人心的。令人歡欣鼓舞的 encouraged adj. 被激勵(lì)的，受到鼓舞的 encouragement n. 鼓勵(lì)，激勵(lì) discourage v. 使泄氣；勸阻 搭配： encourage sb to d

17、o sth 鼓勵(lì)某人做某事 be encouraged by 受鼓勵(lì)鼓舞【考例】 2004北京My advisor encouraged _a summer course to improve my writing skills.    A. for me taking     B. me taking    C. for me to take    D. me to take考查目標(biāo) encourage的用法。答案與解析D encourage sb to do s

18、th鼓勵(lì)某人干某事。句意為：我的導(dǎo)師鼓勵(lì)我參加一個(gè)夏季課程來(lái)提高我的寫作技巧。6. escape (vi, vt ) escaped, escaping  (1) 逃走；跑掉 + from / out of = run away from  The soldier escaped from the enemy's prison.  (2)逃脫；逃避 + n. / doing  He narrowly escaped death / being killed.  There's no way to escape doing the

19、 work.  escape還可表示：（液體等）漏出 gas escaping from the pipe 煤氣從管中漏出Water escaped rapidly from the drainpipe. 水從排水管中迅速流出。 避免escaped death 免于一死There is no escaping him. 怎么也避不開他。 疏忽，忽略 Nothing escaped his attention. 什么也逃不過他的注意。 You cannot expect that something may escape the teacher's attention. 你不要

20、奢望有什么能逃過老師的注意。escape n 逃走The thief made his escape. 小偷逃走了。（氣體）漏出，泄出；解悶She reads love stories as an escape. 她讀愛情小說(shuō)解悶。7. hunt的用法 構(gòu)詞：hunter n. 獵人，搜尋者 搭配： hunt for / after追獵；尋找，搜尋 hunt out 找出；調(diào)查出【考例】He wandered in the street, _ a new jacket for his nephew.    A. hunting for  

21、60; B. waiting for    C. shooting for    D. aiming for考查目標(biāo)本題考查hunt for的意思。答案與解析A hunt for原來(lái)是“獵取”的意思，引中為“搜尋，尋找”。8. impression n. 印象  (1) impression (on sb.) (給某人)印象His speech made a strong impression on his audience.  (2) impression (of sth.) (對(duì)某事物)印象；想法That

22、9;s my first impression of the new college.  (3) impress sb. with sth. 給予某人深刻印象 = impress sth. on sb. 使某人銘記 The teacher impressed on his students the importance of speaking. = The teacher impre- ssed his students with the importance of speaking.9. interrupt的用法vt, vi 阻斷；中斷 Don't interrupt me

23、. 別打斷我。Traffic in the city was interrupted by a snowstorm. 市內(nèi)交通被暴風(fēng)雪所阻斷。 打岔；插嘴 It is rude to interrupt. 打斷別人的話，是不禮貌的。 “Don't interrupt,” he said.“別插話, ”他說(shuō)。構(gòu)詞： interrupter n. 打岔者，打斷者 interruption n. 打岔打斷，使中斷的事物【考例】2005山西模擬 Be quiet! It's rude to _ people when they are talking.   

24、; A. stop   B. introduce   C. prevent    D. interrupt考查目標(biāo) interrupt的詞義。答案與解析D  interrupt的意思是“打斷；使中斷”后接指人或指物的各種名詞。10. marry  (1) vi. 結(jié)婚  He didn't marry until he was fifty.  (2) vt. 和結(jié)婚  Jean is going to marry Hubert.  (3) vt. (父母)嫁

25、(女兒) He married his daughter to a businessman.  (4) vt. (教士等) 為主持結(jié)婚儀式 We've come to ask if you will marry them.  比較  (1) get married (to sb.) 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作  His oldest girl got married last month.  (2) be married (to sb.) 強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)  How long have you been married?11. moment的用法 n.

26、 片刻；瞬間 He will be here in a moment. 他一會(huì)兒就來(lái)。At the moment I am working.  此刻我正在工作。 時(shí)機(jī)；機(jī)遇；時(shí)宜 Choose your moment to visit him. 你選個(gè)合適的時(shí)機(jī)去拜訪他。 重要性 a matter of great moment一件極重要的事情搭配： at any moment 隨時(shí)；在任何時(shí)候；馬上 at the last moment 在最后關(guān)頭 at the moment 此刻；(正當(dāng))那時(shí) every moment 時(shí)時(shí)刻刻 for a moment 片刻 in a mome

27、nt 一會(huì)兒，不久；立即，馬上 the moment(that). 一就【考例】NMET 2004 II "Can I? I don't think I can," Racy said with a laugh. "But I do have _ when things come to me for no reason."    A. events  B. chances   C. feelings    D. moments考查目標(biāo) moment的詞義。答

28、案與解析 D moment可以指“時(shí)刻”，在本句中用了復(fù)數(shù)，意思是“一些次”。12. owe的用法owed, owing 搭配：（常與for連用）欠，欠債I owe you for your help.我感謝你的幫助。(也可以是owe sth.或owe sb. sth) The food cost 4 , but I only paid 3 so I still owe 1. 食品要4英鎊，可我只付了3英鎊，因此我還欠1英鎊。I owe you an apology. 我該向你道歉。 owe sb sth for sth 或 owe sth to sb for sth 為欠某人 對(duì)負(fù)有義務(wù)；感

29、恩；感激We owe our parents a lot. 我們十分感激父母。（常與to連用）歸功于；由于She owes her success to good luck. 她把成功歸功于幸運(yùn)。The young writer owed his success to his teacher's encouragement. 年輕作家把自己的成功歸于他老師的鼓勵(lì)?！究祭?004湖北 "How much do I _ you?" "Oh, no," Paul said.    A. Owe  &#

30、160; B. lend    C. give    D. offer考查目標(biāo)考查owe的詞義和用法。答案與解析A owe表示“欠”的時(shí)候是及物動(dòng)詞，可以接雙賓語(yǔ)。13. reason n. 原因；理由  (1) + to do sth. You haven't any reason to leave me.(2) + for sth. / doing People must have a reason for saying such things.(3) + 從句；從句用why / for which引導(dǎo) That

31、 is the reason why you should leave.(4) for + reason，為了某種原因He is retiring for reasons of health.比較 cause“原因；起因” the cause of the fire 火災(zāi)的起因(引起某種后果的起因) the reason for being late 遲到的理由(做某件事的理由)14. role  (1) (戲劇中的) 角色Oliver played (acted) the role / part of Hamlet.  (2) (現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的) 身份；作用  W

32、hat is your role on the Committee?(3) play a.role in. = play a.part in在中扮演角色或作用The headmaster plays an important role / part in the good running of a school.15. serve v.  (1) 為服務(wù)工作 A slave serves his master.  (2) 接待(顧客) The shop assistant is serving a customer.  (3) 侍候吃飯，端(菜)；供應(yīng)(飯菜) L

33、unch is served now.  (4) serve as 充任(某職務(wù))作用 She served as a model for several painters. / This box will serve as / for a seat.16. speed的用法搭配： at a high speed 以很大的速度 at full / top speed 用全速，開足馬力，盡力(快)地； with great / an speed 用全速，開足馬力 speed up 加速，快點(diǎn)【考例】We had tried our best but the boss still sho

34、uted, " _!"    A. Speed up       B. No hurry    C. Wait a minute    D. Slow down考查目標(biāo)本題考查speed及其構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)的意思。答案與解析A  speed up意思是“加速，快點(diǎn)”的意思。17. stare的用法 vi, vt - stared, staring 凝視，注視He stared at the word trying to r

35、emember what it meant. 他盯著這個(gè)單詞，努力想記起它的意思。習(xí)慣用語(yǔ) stare one in the face 近在眼前；擺在眼前辨析：gaze；stare；glare這組動(dòng)詞的一般含義是“凝視”。gaze表示“目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看”，并含有“驚嘆”、“羨慕”或“入迷”的意思。例如：She gazed at the carpet for some time, and then added, "You don't need bookcases at all." 她對(duì)地毯凝視了一會(huì)兒，然后補(bǔ)充說(shuō)：“你根本不需要書柜?！眘tare 特別表示“睜大眼睛凝視”

36、，并含有“驚奇”、“傲慢” 或“茫然”的意思。例如：The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds. 那位貴族對(duì)那張空白紙凝視了幾秒鐘。glare 表示“兇狠而且?guī)в型{性的瞪眼睛”的意思。例如：The trapped eagle glared at his captors. 被誘捕到的雄鷹兇狠地瞪著捕獲它的人。【考例】NMET 1999 _ him and then try to copy what he does.    A. Mind    B. Gl

37、ance at   C. Stare at    D. Watch考查目標(biāo) stare 等近義詞辨別。答案與解析D  watch意思是“觀察”，是長(zhǎng)時(shí)問關(guān)注；而stare at卻是“盯著”。含有驚奇、傲慢的感情色彩。18. trouble  (1) 麻煩；煩惱；煩心的事 (可數(shù)，不可數(shù)) It is a pity to give you so much trouble. / Life is full of troubles.  (2) 困難；費(fèi)事 (不可數(shù)) have trouble with sth. / hav

38、e trouble (in) doing sth. (= difficulty)  Did you have much trouble in finding the post office? / I hope you won't have any trouble with the work.  相關(guān)短語(yǔ)  (1) ask for trouble 自尋煩惱；自找麻煩 What made you write such a letter? It was asking for trouble.  (2) (be) in trouble 有煩事；有困難；出

39、事；惹麻煩 He never came except when he was in trouble.  (3) put sb. to trouble 給某人造成麻煩；增添麻煩 I am sorry for putting you to so much trouble.  (4) take trouble to do sth. 費(fèi)心做某事；費(fèi)心 It was good of you to take the trouble to help us.牛刀小試1 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：(speed，owe，encourage，decide，moment，apologize)1.

40、will never forget the _ given by Mr. Wang, which helped me overcome a lot difficulty.2. I have made a _that every department in our company should buy a computer of this kind.3. I recognized the man the _ I saw him at the corner.4. Since it was a bit later，we had to _ up.5. We must _ our success to

41、our parents and teachers.6. The parents came from the far-away village, making an _ for their naughty son.詞語(yǔ)比較1. win, beat, defeat  表示獲勝、取勝的詞語(yǔ)  (1) win v. 贏，獲勝，接比賽或獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng) win a game / a prize / an honor / a race. / Our team won the game 8 to 7. / He won by five points. / He won her love at las

42、t. / He won the first place in the competition.  (2) beat + 對(duì)手，表打敗(尤指體育比賽)  I can easily beat him at golf.  (3) defeat 表戰(zhàn)勝，接對(duì)手The enemy was defeated in the battle.2. in the end, finally, at last  三者均可表示“(經(jīng)過周折、等待、耽誤)最后，終于”之意。不同的是：finally 一般用在句中動(dòng)詞前面，而 at last 與 in the end 的位置則較為靈活；

43、三者中at last 語(yǔ)氣最為強(qiáng)烈，且可單獨(dú)作為感嘆句使用。After putting it off three times, we finally managed to have a holiday in Dalian. / At last he knew the meaning of life. / At last! Where on earth have you been? / But in the end he gave in.  另外，finally還可用在列舉事項(xiàng)時(shí)，引出最后一個(gè)內(nèi)容，相當(dāng)于lastly。 Firstly, we should make a plan; s

44、econdly, we should carry it out; finally we should make a conclu- sion.3. by sea, by the sea, in the sea, on the sea, at sea  (1) by sea “走海路，乘船”，用來(lái)表示交通方式，同 by ship 同義。 These heavy boxes should be sent by sea.  (2) by the sea “在海邊”，相當(dāng)于 by (at) the seaside。The children enjoyed themselves by

45、 the sea on Children's Day.  (3) in the sea “在海里，在海水中” There are many plants and animals in the sea.  (4) on the sea “在海面上”，“在海岸邊”。I want to live in a town with a beautiful position on the sea.  (5) at sea 在海上；在航海 When he woke up, the ship was at sea.4. be afraid, be afraid to do

46、sth., be afraid of (doing) sth.  (1) be afraid 意為“擔(dān)心，害怕”，多用于口語(yǔ)，常用來(lái)表示一種歉意，或遺憾，后可接 so 或 not，也可接 that 從句。I'm afraid (that) 其語(yǔ)意相當(dāng)于 I'm sorry, but.。  - Are we on time? 我們準(zhǔn)時(shí)嗎? - I'm afraid not. 恐怕不準(zhǔn)時(shí)。I'm afraid you'll get caught in the rain.  (2) be afraid to do sth 常表示“

47、由于膽小而不敢做某事”。She is afraid to be here alone. / He is afraid to jump into the river from the bridge.  (3) be afraid of (doing) sth. 常表示“擔(dān)心或害怕某事(發(fā)生)”。I was afraid of hurting her feelings.5. live, living, alive, lively  (1) live adj.  活的；活生生的；(只修飾生物；只作前置定語(yǔ)) The laboratory is doing experim

48、ents with several live monkeys.  實(shí)況直播的 (不是錄音)It wasn't a recorded show. It was live.  帶電的；燃著的；可爆炸的 This is a live wire.  (2) living adj. 活著的，有生命的(作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)) She was, he thought, the best living novelist in England. / The old man is still living. (或alive)  (3) alive adj. 活著的； 有活力

49、的；有生氣作后置定語(yǔ)：Who's the greatest man alive?  作表語(yǔ)：Was the snake alive or dead? / My grandmother is more alive than a lot of young people.  作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：Let's keep the fish alive.  (4) lively adj. 活潑的；有生氣的；活躍的(作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)) The music is bright and lively.6. take off, take down, take in, take on,

50、take up  (1) take off  (飛機(jī))起飛 A helicopter is able to take off and land straight up or down.  脫下(衣裳等)；取下 He took off his wet shoes. / Who took the knob off the door?  休假；請(qǐng)假；歇工 When his wife was sick he took off from work.  (指觀念、產(chǎn)品) 大受歡迎；(事業(yè))突然發(fā)達(dá)，成功The new type of cell phones

51、 has really taken off. / His business began to take off when he was in his forties.  (2) take down  拿下來(lái)；取下來(lái) He reached up to the third shelf of the bookcase and took down a dictionary.  記下來(lái) He read out the names and his secretary took them down.  (3) take in  接受 (房客，客人等)；收留

52、The farmers took in the lost travelers for the night.  理解；領(lǐng)會(huì)；明白 The boys could not take in his meaning.  包括；涉及 The study of physics takes in many different subjects.  使上當(dāng)；欺騙We were completely taken in by her story.  (4) take on  接受；從事(某工作) After his father died, Bill took on

53、 the management of the factory.  雇用Is the supermarket taking on any more assis- tant?  具有(新面貌、意思等) The city has taken on a new look.  (5) take up  從事某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)；發(fā)展某種愛好 So many young men want to take up writing.  開始做(某項(xiàng)工作)；開始學(xué)習(xí)(某個(gè)課程) Then she took up the task of getting the breakfas

54、t. / He dropped medicine and took up physics.  占去 (時(shí)間或空間) The meeting took up the whole morning. / The table takes up too much room.  接受I'd like to take up your offer of a ride into town.7. call for, call on, call up  (1) call for  來(lái)找(某人)；來(lái)取(某物) I'll call for you at your

55、house.  要求；需要Success in school calls for much hard work.  (2) call on  call on / upon sb. 拜訪；去會(huì)(某人) I hope to call on you at your office at 3 oclock today.  call on / upon sb. to do sth. 請(qǐng)叫某人做某事He called upon me to speak immediately.  號(hào)召；呼吁；要求 The President called on his peo

56、ple to serve the country.  (3) call up  給打電話 (英 ring up) I tried to call you up last night, but no one answered the phone.  征召入役；調(diào)用 (后備部隊(duì)) Three boys in our street were called up last week.8. too much, much too  (1) too much “太多”之意，可以作形容詞，修飾不可數(shù)  名詞，也可作副詞，修飾動(dòng)詞。 There is too m

57、uch rain here in spring. / She talked too much at the meeting.  (2) much too “簡(jiǎn)直太，過于”，只能作副詞，用來(lái)修飾  形容詞或別的副詞，不能修飾動(dòng)詞。This book is much too difficult for me. / The old man walks much too slowly.9. custom, habit  (1) custom 指?jìng)鹘y(tǒng)風(fēng)俗、習(xí)俗，也可指生活習(xí)慣，后接不定式。They broke some of the old customs. / It is

58、 the custom in China to eat dumplings during the spring Festival.  (2) habit 指?jìng)€(gè)人生活習(xí)慣?！?有)養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣”常  用be in / fall into / get into / form / have the habit of doing sth. 句型；“戒掉習(xí)慣”常用 give up / kick / break away from / get out of the habit of doing sth. 句型。It's easy to get into a bad habit but its hard to give it up. / The drug easily get one into the habit of smoking.10. arise, rise, raise  raise vt.“使上升；升起；提高”等；rise vi.“上升；升起”；arise vi.“站