海上風(fēng)電基本術(shù)語(中英文對照)

1、3.1 co-directional (wind and waves)3.1 co-directional (wind and waves)同向（風(fēng)和浪）acting in the same direction作用在同一方向3.2 Current3.2 Current水流a flow of water past a fixed location usually described in terms of a current speed and direction經(jīng)過一個固定位置的水流，通常由流速和流向描述 Offshore windpower terms and definitions海上風(fēng)電

2、的基本術(shù)語3.3 design wave設(shè)計波浪deterministic wave with a defined height, period and direction, used for the design of an offshorestructure. A design wave may be accompanied by a requirement for the use of a particular periodicwave theory用于海上結(jié)構(gòu)物的設(shè)計，具有指定高度、周期和方向的確定性波浪。設(shè)計波浪可能要求采用特定的波浪周期理論3.4 designer設(shè)計方party

3、or parties responsible for the design of an offshore wind turbine負(fù)責(zé)海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組設(shè)計的一方或多方3.5 environmental conditions 環(huán)境條件characteristics of the environment (wind, waves, sea currents, water level, sea ice, marine growth,scour and overall seabed movement, etc.) which may affect the wind turbine behaviour可

4、能影響風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組性能的環(huán)境特性（如風(fēng)、浪、洋流、水位、海冰、海生物、沖刷和整體海床運(yùn)動等3.6 external conditions (wind turbines)外部條件（風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組）factors affecting operation of an offshore wind turbine, including the environmental conditions, theelectrical network conditions, and other climatic factors (temperature, snow, ice, etc.)影響海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組運(yùn)行的因素，

5、包括環(huán)境條件、電網(wǎng)條件和其他氣候因素（如溫度、降雪、結(jié)冰等等）3.7 extreme significant wave height 極端有效波高expected value of the highest significant wave height, averaged over 3 hours, with an annual probability3.8 extreme wave height極端波高expected value of the highest individual wave height (generally the zero up-crossing wave height

6、) withan annual probability of exceedance of 1/N (“ recurrence period” : N years)最高單個波高的期望值（通常為向上跨越零點(diǎn)的波高），超過這個期望值的年概率為1/N（“ 重復(fù)周期” ：N年）3.9 fast ice cover固定冰蓋a rigid continuous cover of ice not in motion靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)下的連續(xù)剛性冰覆蓋層3.10 fetch風(fēng)距distance over which the wind blows constantly over the sea with approxima

7、tely constant wind speedand direction風(fēng)以近似恒定的風(fēng)速和風(fēng)向持續(xù)地吹過海面所經(jīng)過的距離3.11 foundation基礎(chǔ)part of an offshore wind turbine support structure which transfers the loads acting on the structure intothe seabed. Different foundation concepts are shown in Figure 1 together with the other parts of an offshore wind tu

8、rbine.海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的支撐結(jié)構(gòu)的組成部分，能將作用在結(jié)構(gòu)上的載荷傳遞到海床上。不同類型的海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組基礎(chǔ)以及其它部分如圖1所示。3.12 highest astronomical tide最高天文潮highest still water level that can be expected to occur under any combination of astronomical conditions and under average meteorological conditions. Storm surges, which are meteorologically gene

9、rated and essentially irregular, are superimposed on the tidal variations, so that a total still water level abovehighest astronomical tide may occur.在任何天文條件的組合下或一般氣象條件下都可以預(yù)測的最高靜水位。風(fēng)暴潮是氣象的產(chǎn)物，它本質(zhì)上沒有規(guī)律，并與潮汐變化相互重疊，所以總靜水位可能高于最高天文潮。3.13 hub height (wind turbines)輪轂高度（風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組）height of the centre of the sw

10、ept area of the wind turbine rotor above the mean sea level風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)風(fēng)輪掠掃面積的中心點(diǎn)距離平均海平面的高度3.14 load effect載荷效應(yīng)effect of a single load or combination of loads on a structural component or system, e.g. internalforce, stress, strain, motion etc.單個載荷或者組合載荷對某個結(jié)構(gòu)部件或整個系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的影響，例如內(nèi)力、應(yīng)力、應(yīng)變、移動等等3.15 hummocked ice 冰丘

11、crushed ice and ice floes piled up into ridges when large ice floes meet with each other or with a rigid obstacle, e.g. an offshore wind turbine support structure大塊浮冰碰到其它浮冰或者堅(jiān)硬的障礙物（例如海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的支撐結(jié)構(gòu)）時，碎冰和浮冰堆積形成的冰丘。3.16 ice floe 浮冰a sheet of ice in size from meters to several kilometers, not rigidly fr

12、ozen to a shore, still or in motion大小從幾米到幾千米的片狀冰塊，與岸邊凍得不是很結(jié)實(shí)，可能靜止不動也可能在漂移3.17 icing 結(jié)冰build-up of a cover of ice or frost on parts of an offshore wind turbine that can result in added loads and/or changed properties在海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的某些組成部分上形成的冰層或霜凍，這可能引起額外載荷和/或改變特性3.18 lowest astronomical tide最低天文潮lowest st

13、ill water level that can be expected to occur under any combination of astronomical conditions and under average meteorological conditions. Storm surges, which are meteorologically generated and essentially irregular, are superimposed on the tidal variations, so that a total still water level belowl

14、owest astronomical tide may occur.在任何天文條件的組合下或一般氣象條件下都可以被預(yù)測的最低靜水位。風(fēng)暴潮是氣象的產(chǎn)物，它本質(zhì)上沒有規(guī)律，并與潮汐變化相互重疊，所以總靜水位可能低于最低天文潮。3.19 manufacturer制造商party or parties responsible for the manufacture and construction of an offshore wind turbine負(fù)責(zé)海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的制造和生產(chǎn)的一方或多方3.20 marine conditions海洋條件characteristics of the mari

15、ne environment (waves, sea currents, water level, sea ice, marine growth,seabed movement and scour, etc.) which may affect the wind turbine behaviour可能影響風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組性能的海洋環(huán)境特性（海浪、洋流、水位、海冰、海生物、海床運(yùn)動和沖刷等） 3.21 marine growth海生物surface coating on structural components caused by plants, animals and bacteria由動植物和

16、細(xì)菌引起的結(jié)構(gòu)部件表面上的覆蓋物3.22 mean sea level平均海平面average level of the sea over a period of time long enough to remove variations due to waves, tides and storm surges在能夠消除海浪、潮汐和風(fēng)暴潮所引起的變化的足夠長的一段時間內(nèi)，海平面的的平均水平3.23 mean zero crossing period平均跨零周期average period of the zero-crossing (up or down) waves in a sea stat

17、e在某個海況下，海浪跨越零點(diǎn)（向上或向下）的平均周期3.24 metocean 海洋氣象abbreviation of meteorological and oceanographic是單詞“ 氣象的” （meteorological）和“ 海洋學(xué)的” （oceanographic）的縮寫3.25 multi-directional (wind and/or wave)多方向（風(fēng)和/或海浪）a distribution of directions方向的分布3.26 offshore wind turbine海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組a wind turbine with a support struct

18、ure which is subject to hydrodynamic loading支撐結(jié)構(gòu)承受水動力載荷的風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組3.27 offshore wind turbine site海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電場場址the location or intended location of an individual offshore wind turbine either alone or within a wind farm單臺海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組或者是整個海上風(fēng)電場的位置或者擬定位置3.28 pile penetration樁貫入深度vertical distance from the sea floor

19、 to the bottom of the pile從海底面到樁底部的垂直距離3.29 power collection system (wind turbines)電力匯集系統(tǒng)（風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組）electric system that collects the power from one or more wind turbines. It includes all electricalequipment connected between the wind turbine terminals and the network connection point. Foroffshore wind

20、 farms, the power collection system may include the connection to shore.從一臺或多臺風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組匯集電能的電力系統(tǒng)。它包括從風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)端口到電網(wǎng)接入點(diǎn)之間的所有電氣設(shè)備。對于海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電場，電力匯集系統(tǒng)還可能包括與岸上電力系統(tǒng)的連接。3.30 reference period參考周期period during which stationarity is assumed for a given stochastic process, for example wind speed,sea elevation or respon

21、se在此周期內(nèi)，假設(shè)給定的隨機(jī)過程保持穩(wěn)定，例如風(fēng)速、海平面上升或者響應(yīng)3.31 refraction繞射process by which wave energy is redistributed as a result of changes in the wave propagation velocitydue to variations in water depth and/or current velocity由于水深和/或流速的改變將造成波浪傳播速度的變化，由此引起波浪能量重新分布的過程3.32 residual currents 余流the components of a curre

22、nt other than tidal current. The most important is often the storm surgecurrent除去潮汐流剩下的海流。主要指風(fēng)暴潮引起的海流3.33 rotor nacelle assembly風(fēng)輪-機(jī)艙組件part of an offshore wind turbine carried by the support structure, refer Figure 1海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組中由支撐結(jié)構(gòu)支撐的部分3.34 sea floor海底interface between the sea and the seabed海水和海床的分界面

23、3.35 sea floor slope海底坡度local gradient of the sea floor, e.g. associated with a beach海底的局部梯度，例如海灘的傾斜度3.36 sea state海況a condition of the sea in which its statistics remain stationary統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)保持穩(wěn)定的一種海洋狀態(tài)3.37 seabed3.37 seabed海床materials below the sea floor in which a support structure is founded海底以下的物質(zhì)部分，支

24、撐結(jié)構(gòu)固定在其中3.38 seabed movement3.38 seabed movement海床運(yùn)動movement of the seabed due to natural geological processes自然地質(zhì)過程產(chǎn)生的海床運(yùn)動3.39 scour3.39 scour沖刷removal of seabed soils by currents and waves or caused by structural elements interrupting the naturalflow regime above the sea floor由于海流或海浪，或結(jié)構(gòu)中斷了海底以上的固有

25、流態(tài)引起的海床土壤流失3.40 significant wave height 有效波高statistical measure of the height of waves in a sea state, defined as 4* where is the standarddeviation of the sea surface elevation. In sea states with only a narrow band of wave frequencies thesignificant wave height is approximately equal to the mean he

26、ight of the highest third of the zero up-crossing waves在某海況下波高的統(tǒng)計量，定義為4* ，其中 為海平面上升的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差。在僅有窄帶波頻的海況中，有效波高近似等于上穿零點(diǎn)的三分之一個大波波高的平均值3.41 splash zone飛濺區(qū)external region of support structure that is frequently wetted due to waves and tidal variations. Thisshall be defined as the zone between the highest sti

27、ll water level with a recurrence period of 1 yearincreased by the corresponding significant crest height, and the lowest still water level with a recurrence3.42 still water level 靜水位abstract water level calculated by including the effects of tides and storm surge but excluding variationsdue to waves

28、. Still water level can be above, at, or below mean sea level考慮包括潮汐和風(fēng)暴潮影響但不包括波浪變化而計算出的理論水位。靜水位可以高于、等于或低于平均海平面3.43 storm surge暴潮irregular movement of the sea brought about by wind and atmospheric pressure variations由于風(fēng)和大氣壓變化而引起的不規(guī)則海洋運(yùn)動3.44 sub-structure下部結(jié)構(gòu)part of an offshore wind turbine support str

29、ucture which extends upwards from the seabed and connectsthe foundation to the tower, refer Figure 1海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組支撐結(jié)構(gòu)的一部分，由海床向上延伸，連接基礎(chǔ)與塔架，參見圖13.45 support structure支撐結(jié)構(gòu)part of an offshore wind turbine consisting of the tower, sub-structure and foundation, refer Figure 1海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的一部分，包括塔架、下部結(jié)構(gòu)和基礎(chǔ)，3.46 swel

30、l 涌浪sea state in which waves generated by winds remote from the site have travelled to the site, rather thanbeing locally generated遠(yuǎn)方而非場址當(dāng)?shù)仫L(fēng)引起的波浪經(jīng)過場址的一種海況3.47 tidal current 潮流current resulting from tides 潮汐引起的水流3.48 tidal range 潮差the distance between the highest astronomical tide and the lowest astr

31、onomical tide最高天文潮和最低天文潮之間的距離3.49 tides 潮汐regular and predictable movements of the sea generated by astronomical forces由于天體引力產(chǎn)生的有規(guī)律且可預(yù)測的海洋運(yùn)動3.50 tower塔架part of an offshore wind turbine support structure which connects the sub-structure to the rotor - nacelleassembly, refer Figure 1海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)支撐結(jié)構(gòu)的一部分，連接

32、下部結(jié)構(gòu)和風(fēng)輪-機(jī)艙組件，參見圖13.51 tsunami海嘯long period sea waves caused by rapid vertical movements of the sea floor海床劇烈垂直運(yùn)動引發(fā)的長期海洋波浪3.52 uni-directional (wind and/or waves)單向（風(fēng)和/或浪）acting in a single direction作用于單一方向3.53 water depth水深vertical distance between the sea floor and the still water level海底和靜水位面之間的垂直距離NOTE