高考英語(人教版)要點梳理+重點突破：選修8 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions

1、選修8Unit 3Inventors and inventions要 點 梳 理 重點單詞1distinguish vi. & vt.顯示的差別；使有所不同；辨別2merciful adj.寬大的；仁慈的；慈悲的mercy n寬大；仁慈 3product n產(chǎn)品4abrupt adj.突然的；意外的abruptly adv.突然地，唐突地5convenient adj.便利的，方便的，就近的convenience n方便，便利conveniently adv.便利地，方便地6caution n小心，謹慎cautious adj.小心的，謹慎的cautiously adv.小心地，謹慎地

2、7passive adj.被動的；消極的；被動語態(tài)的 8seize vt.抓??；捉住；奪9file n文件；檔案；文件夾 vt.提交；將歸檔 10freezing adj.冰凍的；嚴(yán)寒的freeze v冰凍11innocent adj.清白的；無罪的；天真的innocence n天真，清白 12bear vt.忍受；忍耐；負擔(dān)13tap vt.輕打；輕拍；輕敲 n輕輕地敲擊(聲)；(水)龍頭14current n(水或氣)流；電流 adj.現(xiàn)在的；當(dāng)前的 15stable adj.穩(wěn)固的；穩(wěn)定的；安定的16associate vt.聯(lián)想；聯(lián)系 n同伴，伙伴 17practical adj.實際

3、的；實踐的；實用的18competence n能力；勝任；本領(lǐng)重點短語91call up給打電話2now and then 偶爾；有時3set about 開始；著手4dive into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入5set out(to do) 開始(做)6hang on 不掛斷；稍等；緊緊握住7out of order 次序顛倒；發(fā)生故障8get through 設(shè)法聯(lián)系上(尤指打通電話)； (設(shè)法)做完；通過9ring back 回復(fù)電話10ring off 掛斷電話重點句型1The next morning I got up early before the sun was hot. 第二天

4、早上趁天還不太熱，我就早早地起來了。2But once picked up, they tried to bite me. 但是它們一被撿起來，就試圖咬我。3Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.只有在你獲得了那種認證后，你才能說是一個真正的發(fā)明家。4The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.(評定)專利標(biāo)

5、準(zhǔn)是很嚴(yán)格的，除非新的想法真是新穎的，否則很難被接受。5Remember to include one change to your invention in case it doesnt work the first time.記住對你的發(fā)明要有變化的余地，以防它第一次不起作用。高考范文 (2007·海南，寧夏，全國)假定你是李華，希望通過外籍教師 Peter找一位英國筆友。請寫一封短信，描述一下你理想中筆友的條件，并說明為什么選這樣的筆友。具體條件包括：1年齡；2.性別；3.愛好(旅游、運動、養(yǎng)寵物等)。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3.開頭和結(jié)尾

6、已為你寫好。Dear Peter，I am writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor._Best regards，Li Hua 范文Dear_Peter，I_am_writing_to_ask_whether_you_are_able_to_do_me_a_favor. I want to have a penfriend, hopefully a girl in her early twenties, and with interests similar to mine. In my mind, she is someone w

7、ho is interested in traveling, swimming, and playing table tennis. Besides, it would be better for her to have a pet dog as I have kept one at home for some time. With such a penfriend, I hope I can share with her our experiences in traveling, taking care of pets, or whatever we have in common. And

8、I believe I will improve my English by doing so and learn more about her country. I look forward to hearing from you soon.Best_regards，Li_Hua考 點 探 究 .詞匯短語過關(guān)1distinguish vi.&vt. 辨別；顯示的差別 distinguished adj. 卓越的，著名的，杰出的distinguishable adj. 易分辨的，能區(qū)分的distinguish between.and.區(qū)分/辨別和 distinguish.from. 使

9、有別于，使 具有區(qū)別于的特征distinguish oneself (as.) (作為)表現(xiàn)突出be distinguished by/for 以為特征/著名 即學(xué)即練1(1)Hes _ himself _ a teacher. 作為老師，他早已負有盛名。(2)We should _ _ major _ minor work and not put the trivial above the important.我們的工作要分主次，不能輕重倒置。distinguishedasdistinguish betweenand (3)What was it that _ her _ her class

10、mates? 是什么使得她有別于班上其他同學(xué)呢？distinguishedfrom2convenient adj. 方便的；便利的；附近的 convenience n. 方便，便利It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 做某事對某人來說是方便的。Sth. be convenient to/for sb. 對某人來說是方便的。at sbs convenience 在某人方便的時候convenience food 方便食品convenience store 便利店 即學(xué)即練2(1)We must _ a convenient time and place _ the

11、 meeting.我們必須安排一個合適的時間和地點開會。(2)When would _ you to go? 你什么時候去方便？(3)The hotel has a restaurant for the guests' _. 這家旅館為方便旅客設(shè)有餐廳。arrangeforit be convenient forconvenience3seize vt.抓住，捉??；把握(機會等)；奪取某物，占領(lǐng)某地seize sth.突然抓住seize an opportunity抓住機會seize power奪取政權(quán)be seized with被侵擾；患/得(病)seize sb. by the a

12、rm抓住某人的手臂 即學(xué)即練3(1)He _ and shook it heartily. 他拉住她的手高興地握著。(2)The enemy _ after a violent attack.敵人猛攻后占領(lǐng)了這個城鎮(zhèn)。(3)He _ going abroad. 他抓住了那次出國的機會。seized her handseized the townseized the chance of (4)He _ a slight attack of fever. 他有一點發(fā)燒。was seized with4bear vt. (bore, borne)忍受；忍耐；負擔(dān)；生育bear doing/ n/to

13、 do忍受bear sb./sb.s doing忍受某人做某事bear sb./sth. out證實；為作證bear with sb./sth.耐心對待；容忍bear sth. in mind牢記 即學(xué)即練4(1)I couldnt _ any longer, so I left the room. 我實在聽不下去了，就離開了房間。(2)I cant _ waiting. 我不能忍受長時間的等待。(3)I doubt if that chair will _. 我懷疑那把椅子能否承受得了你的體重。bear to listenbear being keptbear your weight (4)

14、You must _ that your parents hope to depend on you to become a doctor.你要記住你的父母指望你成為一名好醫(yī)生。(5)She _ three children. 她生了三個孩子。bear it in mindhas borne (6)Who _ the responsibility/expense? 誰要負擔(dān)這責(zé)任/費用呢？will bear提示：(1)bear作“忍受”講時，其后接動名詞做賓語，表示習(xí)慣性的動作，也可接不定式做賓語，表示某一次具體的動作，且多與can, could及be able to等連用。(2)borne和

15、born是bear的兩個過去分詞，表示“出生，出世”時用born，并且僅用于被動語態(tài)，表示“生育”時用borne。5associate vt.聯(lián)想，聯(lián)系n.同伴，伙伴 accociation n聯(lián)合；聯(lián)想；交往；協(xié)會；團體associate sb./sth. with sb./sth.把和聯(lián)系在一起；由聯(lián)想到be associated with.和有關(guān)associate with sb.與某人交往或常打交道associate oneself with sth.聲稱或表示自己贊同某事物in association with.與合伙/合作 即學(xué)即練5(1)Ive never _ you _ thi

16、s place. 我從未把你和這個地方聯(lián)系在一起。(2)I wouldnt want to _ Mckeys project. 我不想和麥基的計劃有任何瓜葛。(3)I dont like these layabouts youre _. 我不喜歡你結(jié)交的這些游手好閑的人。associatedwithbe associated withassociating with6call up 召喚；使人想起；提出；打電話call at 訪問(某地)call on/upon 訪問(某人)call on sb. to do sth. 號召某人做某事call back 召回，撤銷call for 需要；要求c

17、all out 大聲喊叫call forth 喚起，引起call in 召集；收回call off 取消 即學(xué)即練6(1)The trip _ of my youth. 旅行勾起了我對年輕時代的美好回憶。(2)He _ all the information from the computer.他從計算機中調(diào)出了所有的信息。called up happy memoriescalled up (3)He _ just to tell me that he had bought a new DVD. 他打電話就是為了告訴我他買了一臺新的DVD。called me up拓展：與打電話有關(guān)的短語：ri

18、ng/call up 打電話ring/call back 回復(fù)電話ring off 掛斷電話give sb. a ring 給某人打電話sb. be wanted on the phone 有某人的電話answer the phone 接電話hang/hold on 不掛斷電話7set about (doing sth.) 開始；著手干某事set aside 留出，撥出(時間、金錢等)，把置于一旁set out forset off forleave for 出發(fā)到某地去set out to do 開始做set down 寫下；記下；規(guī)定set off 動身；起程；激起；引起；使爆炸set u

19、p 建立；設(shè)置；創(chuàng)建；開辦 即學(xué)即練7(1)You must _ at once.你必須立即開始工作。(2)Do you know how to _ on this work？你知道怎樣著手進行這項工作嗎？(3)Bell never _ the telephone.(Bell never _ the telephone.)貝爾從來沒打算去發(fā)明電話。set about your workset about goingset out to inventset about inventing (4)When are we _ (_) on our trip？我們什么時候動身去旅行？setting o

20、utsetting off8get through 打通(電話)，完成(工作)，通過(考試)；克服(困難)get across 被理解；使人了解get down to 認真地靜下心(工作)(to為介詞)get on/along 相處get out of 避免；擺脫get over 克服get in 收獲get around/round 到處走動；傳播出去get away/off 逃脫，離開 即學(xué)即練8寫出下列句子中g(shù)et through的意思。(1)I tried several times, but couldn't get through. _(2)You'll get t

21、hrough this problem. _打通(電話)克服(困難) (3)I'll get through this work by noon. _(4)We were very glad when we heard that you had got through your exam. _完成(工作)通過(考試)拓展：go through 經(jīng)歷；翻閱；檢查look through 瀏覽，仔細檢查live through 活過一段時間；經(jīng)歷put through 把電話接通.重點句型詳解1But once_picked_up,_they tried to bite me. 但是它們一

22、被撿起來，就試圖咬我。 (1)once作為連接詞引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時，后面可接現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞。Once opened, the museum will be very popular with the citizens.博物館一旦開放，肯定會受到市民的歡迎。(表被動)Once talking with him, you'll find him an easygoing man. 一旦與他交談，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個隨和的人。(表主動) (2)once 引導(dǎo)的從句中，要用一般時代替將來時。Once you have grasped English, you'll be easy t

23、o get a wellpaid job.一旦你掌握了英語，你就會很容易找到一份報酬很高的工作。(現(xiàn)在完成時代替將來完成時)Once he arrives, we can start.他一到我們就可以開始。(一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時) 即境活用1(2007·福建) You will be successful in the interview _ you have confidence.AbeforeBonce Cuntil Dthough答案：B 解析：考查狀語從句。once “一旦”引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。before“在以前”；until “直到”；though“雖然”。2Remem

24、ber to include one change to your invention in_case it doesnt work the first time.記住對你的發(fā)明要有變化的余地，以防它第一次不起作用。in case(以防)萬一in case 后可接從句，也可置于句末。in case of 要是；在時候(后接名詞或代詞)in this case 如果這樣的話in that case 如果那樣的話in any case 無論如何in no case 決不(位于句首，句子應(yīng)使用倒裝語序)Take your umbrella in case it rains. 拿著你的雨傘以防下雨。I

25、n case I forget, please remind me of my promise. 如果我忘記了我的諾言，請?zhí)嵝盐?。In case of fire, open this safety door. 一旦發(fā)生火災(zāi)，打開這扇安全門。In no case may you leave the baby alone at home. 你決不能把孩子一個人留在家里。 即境活用2(2007·北京)Leave your key with a neighbor _ you lock yourself out one day.Aever since Beven if Csoon after

26、Din case答案：D 解析：A項意為“自從以來”，B項意為“即使”，C項意為“不久之后”，D項意為“以防；以免”。句意為“留一把鑰匙給鄰居，以免有一天你把自己鎖在門外”。易 錯 點 撥 case構(gòu)成的短語的用法應(yīng)用(1)It is reported that there will be a heavy rain tomorrow, _ the hike would be put off.Ain any case Bin which case Cin no case Din case答案：B 解析：該題考查case的相關(guān)短語及定語從句，根據(jù)前面說“據(jù)說明天有大雨”，可知hike在這種情況下要

27、推遲，which引導(dǎo)定語從句，指代整個主句。 (2)The first bus has just left and the next bus will come in twenty minutes. _， we will have to wait.AIn this case BIn this way CBy this means DIn the end答案：A (3)John may phone tonight. I dont want to go out _ he phones.Aas long as Bin order that Cin case Dso that答案：C 解析：as lo

28、ng as意為“只要”，in order that意為“為了”，in case意為“以防”，so that意為“以致；為了”。in case引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。 (4)I dont think Ill need any money, but Ill bring some _.Aat last Bin case Conce again Din time答案：B 解析：根據(jù)句子中所說自己目前不需要錢，可是要帶一點備用或者以防萬一。in case是“以防萬一”的意思，恰好符合此意。in time是“及時，恰好，遲早”的意思。 (5)Youd better take something to read

29、when you go to see the doctor _ you have to wait.Aeven if Bas if Cin case Din order that答案：C高 效 作 業(yè) .單詞拼寫1Success in moneymaking is not always a good c_ of real success in life.2Its f_ outside. Youd better put on more clothes.3The packet of white p_ the police found in his room turned out to be coca

30、ine.4What we need is a s_ government.5Your invention is ingenious, but not very p_.criterionfreezingpowderstablepractical6He is _(清白的，無罪的) of the charge.7He_ (使揚名) himself by his courage at that time.8I keep my reference books near my desk for _ (方便)9He ate a light lunch in _ (期望) of a good dinner.1

31、0She likes inventions and she has applied for _ (專利)innocentdistinguishedconvenienceexpectationpatent .單項選擇1Jack, you _ on the phone. _.Aare wanted; Coming Bare needed; Im coming Care called; Ill come Dare rung up; Thanks答案：A 解析：考查電話用語。叫人接電話時常用表達有：You are wanted on the phone. /There is a call for yo

32、u./ For you.回答用：Im coming.或Coming.2Whoever invented _ wheel is believed to have made _ most useful invention in _ history.Aa; the; /Bthe; the; / Cthe; /; / Da; a; the答案：B 解析：發(fā)明物的前面必須用 the；第二空用 the表示最高級，故加定冠詞 the; in history 為固定搭配，意為“在歷史上”，不加任何冠詞。3Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without b

33、ig changes in temperature, thus creating a _ environment.Apeaceful Bsensitive Ccommon Dstable答案：D 解析：A項“平靜的”；B項“敏感的”；C項“共同的”；D項“穩(wěn)定的”。句意為：水能吸收和放出許多熱量，這在溫度上沒有大的變化，因而就創(chuàng)造出了一個穩(wěn)定的環(huán)境。4Having decided to rent a flat, we _ contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city.Aset about Bset down Cset out Dse

34、t up答案A解析：考查動詞短語。set about doingset out to do開始著手做某事；set down 寫下，記下；set up 建立。5Color blind people often find it difficult to _between blue and green.Aseparate BdistinguishCcompare Dcontrast答案：B解析：句意為：色盲的人經(jīng)常感到很難區(qū)分藍色和綠色。separate “分離，分開”，但與 between 不能連用；distinguish between “分辨，辨別”；compare (to/with) 比較，

35、對照；contrast (with) 形成對比。6When we plan our vacation, Mother often offers _ suggestions.Acareful BpracticalCeffective Dacceptable答案：B解析：本題考查形容詞詞義辨析。careful “仔細的，小心的”；practical “可行的，實用的”；effective “有效的，生效的”；acceptable “可接受的，受到歡迎的”。本句的意思是：當(dāng)我們計劃假期的時候，媽媽經(jīng)常提出實用、可行的建議。因此B項最佳。7Are you ready to leave?Almost.

36、I'll be ready to go as soon as I _ putting the clean dishes away.Aget through Bgive upCgo on Dset about答案：A解析：get through (doing) sth. 完成某事。give up (doing) sth. 放棄；go on doing 繼續(xù)；set about doing 開始做。8I am sure that Laura's latest play, _ staged, will prove a great success.Asince BunlessConce

37、 Duntil答案：C解析：考查“once過去分詞”。其中為省略句 once the latest play is staged。9(2010·安徽皖南八校二聯(lián))Without the help of my English teacher, I _ the first prize in the English speaking competition.Awould win Bwould have wonCwould not win Dwould not have won答案：D解析：考查虛擬語氣。這是一個隱含的虛擬條件句，含有if my English teacher hadnt h

38、elped me with my spoken English之意，表示與過去的事實相反，故用與過去相反的虛擬語氣，因此D項符合題意。10Would it be _ for you to pick me up at four o'clock and take me to the airport?Afree BvacantChandy Dconvenient答案：D解析：句意：你四點鐘接我并把我送到機場方便嗎？It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事方便。11Does this meal cost $50? I _ something far b

39、etter than this!Aprefer BexpectCsuggest Dsuppose答案：B解析：考查動詞辨析。expect期望；期盼；prefer更喜歡；suggest建議；suppose猜想；認為。12He can't bear _ in public.Ato laugh at Bto be laughed atClaughing at Dlaugh at答案：B解析：本題中 bear為“承受”的意思。也可表示為 bear being laughed at。13As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain,

40、 the visit to the village _ scenes of my childhood.Acalled up Bcalled forCcalled on Dcalled in答案：A解析：A.“喚起”，B.“需要”，C.“號召”，D.“召集”。本題題意為“本次參觀使我想起了童年的情景”。因此選A。14(2010·北京東城期末)Hello, everyone! Have you heard the meeting will be put off till next Tuesday?That's what we _ about when you came in.Aa

41、re talking Bwere talkingCtalk Dtalked答案：B解析：考查動詞的時態(tài)?！澳蔷褪悄氵M來時我們正在討論的事情”。此處“討論”的動作發(fā)生在“你進來時”，所以用進行時態(tài)，同時從came in可以看出用“過去進行時態(tài)”。答案應(yīng)該選B項。15(2010·唐山摸底考試)He was so deep in thought, thinking of the problem _ he knocked into the tree without noticing it.Awhen BwhileCbecause Dthat答案：D解析：考查狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。so.that表

42、示“如此，以致”。他思考問題太投入了，以致一不留神兒撞到了樹上。 .閱讀理解 A China will plan to make new rules to give more controls over the growing number of blogs and webcasts (網(wǎng)上直播)Nowadays, advanced network technologies, such as Hogging and webcasting, are being improved to challenge the government's ability to watch over the

43、 Internet.Chinese government was in the middle of making new rules over Internet publishing, and blogs and websites that publishing webcasts would fall under these rules.Government officials hope the new rules would ensure a more healthy and active Internet environment and would fully respect and pr

44、otect Chinese citizens' freedom of speech. Specific details on what kind of rules would be carried out are still unknown to the public.Despite the growing popularity, bloggers and webcasters have been unpopular with publication institutions.In 2006, a series of cases involving bloggers who had d

45、ived into other people's privacy and written materials ruining others' fame urged the government to consider whether to require bloggers to use their real names when they log in.Webcasting without copyright and illegally “copying” products from copyrighted materials have also led government

46、officials to consider starting a nationwide check of online video broadcasting, and allow only qualified websites to continue offering webcasts.1What can be the best title of the passage? AThe Increases of Blogs and WebcastsBNew Rules to Control Internet PublishingCTechnologies Challenge the Governm

47、entDThe Popularity of Online Video Broadcasting答案及解析：1B。主旨大意題。第一段就概括了本文的大意。2. Chinese government thinks the current Internet environment is _.Aquite healthy Bless active Crather hopeful Dless piloted答案及解析： 2D。由第四段可知。3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.Publication institution

48、s are unhappy with bloggers and webcasters. B.All bloggers and webcasters like to dig out other people's privacy. C.Webcasters are quite aware of the copyright issues while online. D.Copyrighted materials can only be offered to qualified websites.答案及解析： 3A。由第五段可知A項正確。 B The world economy has run

49、 into a brick wall. Despite countless warnings in recent years about the need to address a looming(逼近) hunger crisis in poor countries and a looming energy crisis worldwide, world leaders failed to think ahead. The result is a global food crisis. Wheat, corn and rice prices have more than doubled in

50、 the past two years. And oil prices have increased more than three times since the stavt of 2004. These food prices increases, combined with soaring energy costs, will slow if not stop economic growth in many parts of the world and will even undermine(破壞) political stability, as evidenced by the pro

51、test riots that have erupted in places like Haiti, Bangladesh and Burkina Faso. Practical solutions to these growing woes do exist, but we'll have to start thinking ahead and acting globally. So, what should be done？Here are three steps to ease the current crisis and avert(防止， 避免) the potential

52、for a global disaster. The first is to scaleup(按比例增加，擴大) the dramatic success of Malawi, a famineprone(遭遇饑荒) country in southern Africa, which three years ago established a special fund to help its farmers get fertilizer and highyield seeds. Malawis harvest doubled after just one year. An international fund based on the Malawi model would cost a mere $10 per person annually in the rich world, or $10 billion in all. Second, the US and Europe should abandon their policies o