高三閱讀專(zhuān)題二(整理后)

1、高三閱讀專(zhuān)題二高考閱讀題型1）常見(jiàn)文體即記敘文、描寫(xiě)文、說(shuō)明文、應(yīng)用文和論述文。不同的文體有不同的段落組織方式和脈絡(luò)層次。2）閱讀新題型（一）記敘文記敘文往往按時(shí)間順序展開(kāi)段落，文章有明顯表示時(shí)間先后的詞語(yǔ)。閱讀時(shí)抓住時(shí)間這條主線，弄清who、what、where、why與how。描寫(xiě)文通過(guò)細(xì)節(jié)的描寫(xiě)以畫(huà)面的方式來(lái)反應(yīng)事物的特征、性質(zhì)。對(duì)這種文章要迅速弄清其主題，主題詞往往出現(xiàn)在各個(gè)句子里，貫穿文章的始末；緊圍繞這個(gè)主題進(jìn)行閱讀，找到文章與之有關(guān)的信息，并確定信息與主題的關(guān)系。 A(2013四川高考）記敘文On a stormy day last August, Tim heard some

2、shouting. Looking out to the sea carefully, he saw a couple of kids in a rowboat were being pulled out to sea.Two 12-year-old boys, Christian and Jack, rowed out a boat to search a football. Once theyd rowed beyond the calm waters, a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boa

3、t into open water. The pair panicked and tried to row back to shore. But they were no match for it and the boat was out of control.Tim knew it would soon be swallowed by the waves.“Everything went quiet in my head,” Tim recalls（回憶）. “Im trying to figure out how to swim to the boys in a straight line

4、.”Tim took off his clothes and jumped into the water. Every 500 yards or so, he raised his head to judge his progress. “At one point, I considered turning back,” he says. “I wondered if I was putting my life at risk.” After 30 minutes of struggling, he was close enough to yell to the boys, “Take dow

5、n the umbrella!”“Lets aim for the pier（碼頭）,” Jack said. Tim turned the boat toward it. Soon afterward, waves crashed over the boat, and it began to sink. “Can you guys swim?” he cried. “A little bit,” the boys said.Once they were in the water, Tim decided it would be safer and faster for him to pull

6、 the boys toward the pier. Christian and Jack were wearing life jackets and floated on their backs. Tim swam toward land as water washed over the boys faces.“Are we almost there?” they asked again and again. “Yes,” Tim told them each time.After 30 minutes, they reached the pier.35. Why did the two b

7、oys go to the sea?A. To go boat rowingB. To get back their football.C. To swim in the open waterD. To test the umbrella as a sail.36. What does “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. The beachB. The waterC. The boatD. The wind37. Why did Tim raise his head regularly?A. To take in enough fresh air.B. To con

8、sider turning back or not.C. To check his distance from the boys.D. To ask the boys to take down the umbrella.38. How can the two boys finally reach the pier?A. They were dragged to the pier by Tim.B. They swam to the pier all by themselves.C. They were washed to the pier by the waves.D. They were c

9、arried to the pier by Tim on his back.B（2013全國(guó)新課標(biāo)1） 科技文The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert (警覺(jué))。Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card a

10、nd replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other, her gaze(凝視) starts to lose its focus - until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she

11、 tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world?Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness? Whe

12、n slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three? No again. Babies paid more attention

13、to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise(同樣地) when the resea

14、rchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.60. The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the babys_.A. sense of hearing. B. sense of sight.C. sense of touch. D. sense of smell.61.Babies are sensitive to the change in_.A. the size of cards. B. the colour of pictures.C. the shape of

15、patterns. D. the number of objects.62.Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?A. To reduce the difficulty of the experiment.B. To see how babies recognize sounds.C. To carry their experiment further.D. To keep the babies interest.63.Where does this text probably come from?A. Science f

16、iction. B. Childrens literature.C. An advertisement.D.A science report.C 社會(huì)文化+應(yīng)用文The National GalleryDescription:The National Gallery is the British national art museum built on the north side of European art ranging from 13th-century religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh. T

17、he older collections of the gallery are reached through the main entrance while the more modern works in the East Wing are most easily reached from Trafalgar Square by a ground floor entrance.Layout:The modern Sainsbury Wing on the western side of the building houses 13th-to15th-century paintings, a

18、nd artists include Duccio, Uccello, Van Eyck, Lippi, Mantegna, Botticelli and Memling.The main West Wing houses 16th-century paintings, and artists include Leonardo da Vinci, Cranach, Michelangelo, Raphael, Bruegel, Bronzino, Titan and Veronese.The North Wing houses 17th-century paintings, and artis

19、ts include Caravaggio, Rubens, Poussin, Van Dyck, Velazquez, Claude and Vermeer.The East Wing houses 18th-to early 20th-century paintings, and artists include Canaletto, Goya, Turner, Constable, Renoir and Van GoghOpening Hours:The Gallery is open every day from 10am to 6pm (Fridays 10anm to 9pm) an

20、d is free, but charges apply to some special exhibitions.Getting There:Nearest underground stations: Charing Cross (2-minute walk), Leicester Square (3-minute walk), Embankment (7-minute walk), and Piccadilly Circus (8-minute walk).68In which centurys collection can you see religious paintings?AThe

21、13th BThe 17th CThe 18th DThe 20th69Where are Leonardo da Vincis works shown?AIn the East Wing. BIn the main West Wing.CIn the Sainsbury Wing. DIn the North Wing.70Which underground station is closest to the National Gallery?APiccadilly Circus. BLeicester Square.CEmbankment. DCharing Cross.D.記敘文 描寫(xiě)類(lèi)

22、 On a hill 600 feet above the surrounding land, we watch the lines of rain move across the scene, the moon rise over the hills, and the stars appear in the sky. The views invite a long look from a comfortable chair in front of the wooden house. Every window in our wooden house has a view, and the fo

23、rest and lakes seldom look the same as the hour before. Each look reminds us where we are. There is space for our three boys to play outside, to shoot arrows, collect tree seeds, build earth houses and climb trees. Our kids have learned the names of the trees, and with the names have come familiarit

24、y and appreciation. As they tell all who show even a passing interest, maple（楓樹(shù)）makes the best fighting sticks and white pines are the best climbing trees. The air is clean and fresh. The water from the well has a pleasant taste, and it is perhaps the healthiest water our kids will ever drink. Thoug

25、h they have one glass a day of juice and the rest is water, they never say anything against that. The seasons change just outside the door. We watch the maples turn every shade of yellow and red in the fall and note the poplars（楊樹(shù)）putting out the first green leaves of spring. The rainbow smelt fills

26、 the local steam as the ice gradually disappears, and the wood frogs start to sing in pools after being frozen for the winter. A family of birds rules our skies and flies over the lake.41. What can be learned from Paragraph 2?A. The scenes are colorful and changeable.B. There are many windows in the

27、 wooden house.C. The views remind us that we are in a wooden house.D. The lakes outside the windows are quite different in color.42. By mentioning the names of the trees, the author aims to show that _ .A. the kids like playing in trees B. the kids are very familiar with trees C. the kids have learn

28、ed much knowledgeD. the kids find trees useful learning tools43. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?A. The change of seasons is easily felt.B. The seasons make the scenes change.C. The weather often changes in the forest.D. The door is a good position to enjoy changing seas

29、ons.44. What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?A. To describe the beauty of the scene around the house.B. To introduce her childrens happy life in the forest.C. To show that living in the forest is healthful.D. To share the joy of living in the nature.D 人物傳記類(lèi)Mark Twain has been call

30、ed the inventor of the American novel. And he surely deserves additional praise: the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.I say clever because anti-slavery fiction had been the important part of theliterature in the years before the Civil War. H. B. Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin is onl

31、y the most famous example. These early stories dealt directly with slavery. With minor exceptions, Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely. He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.Again and agai

32、n, in the postwar years, Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race. Consider the most controversial, at least today, of Twains novels, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn, Twains most widely read tale. Once upon

33、a time, people hated the book because it struck them as rude. Twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel “trash and suitable only for the slums (貧民窟).” More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim, the escaped slave, and many occurences of the wo

34、rd nigger. (The term Nigger Jim, for which the novel is often severely criticized, never appears in it.)But the attacks were and are sillyand miss the point. The novel is strongly anti-slavery. Jims search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic. As J.

35、 Chadwick has pointed out, the character of Jim was a first in American fictiona recognition that the slave had two personalities, “the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual: Jim, the father and the man.”There is much more. Twains mystery novel Puddnhead Wils

36、on stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day. Written at a time when the accepted wisdom held Negroes to be inferior (低等的) to whites, especially in intelligence, Twains tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth. A slave gave birth to

37、 her masters baby and, for fear that the child should be sold South, switched him for the masters baby by his wife. The slaves light-skinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slave-holding class. The masters wifes baby was taken for black and gr

38、ew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.The point was difficult to miss: nurture (養(yǎng)育), not nature, was the key to social status. The features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudicemanner of speech, for examplewere, to Twain, indicative of nothing other than the condition

39、ing that slavery forced on its victims.Twains racial tone was not perfect. One is left uneasy, for example, by the lengthy passage in his autobiography (自傳) about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youthmostly with white men performing in black-faceand his delight in getting hi

40、s mother to laugh at them. Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality. His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.Was Twain a racist? Asking the question in the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of Lincoln. If

41、we read the words and attitudes of the past through the “wisdom” of the considered moral judgments of the present, we will find nothing but error. Lincoln, who believed the black manthe inferior of the white, fought and won a war to free him. And Twain, raised in a slave state, briefly a soldie

42、r, and inventor of Jim, may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.65. How do Twains novels on slavery differ from Stowes?A. Twain was more willing to deal with racism.B. Twains attack on racism was mu

43、ch less open.C. Twains themes seemed to agree with plots. D. Twain was openly concerned with racism.66. Recent criticism of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn arose partly from its _.A. target readers at the bottom B. anti-slavery attitudeC. rather impolite language D. frequent use of “nigger”67. W

44、hat best proves Twains anti-slavery stand according to the author?A. Jims search for his family was described in detail.B. The slaves voice was first heard in American novels.C. Jim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture.D. Twain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent.68. The

45、story of two babies switched mainly indicates that _.A. slaves were forced to give up their babies to their mastersB. slaves babies could pick up slave-holders way of speakingC. blacks social position was shaped by how they were brought upD. blacks were born with certain features of prejudice69. Wha

46、t does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 7 refer to?A. The attacks. B. Slavery and prejudice.C. White men. D. The shows.70. What does the author mainly argue for?A. Twain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism.B. Twain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln

47、.C. Twains works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.D. Twains works should be read from a historical point of view.2）閱讀新題型A. Urbanization（2013北京高考）Until relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city. The first city was probably founded no more

48、than 5,500 years ago._ 71_ . In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural (鄉(xiāng)村的) villages. It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history- a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.Britain was only

49、 the beginning. 72 .The process of urbanization- the migration (遷移) of people from the countryside to the city- was the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.In 1990, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas. Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms. 73 . Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies. It took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities._ 74_ . Until modern times