詞匯學(xué)復(fù)合詞

1、chapter5word formation via compounding it refers to the combination of two or more independent words, each of which can function as a individual word.definition three forms of compounds復(fù)合詞的三種形式復(fù)合詞的三種形式1solid form1open form2hyphenated form3第一季度第一季度單擊編輯副標(biāo)題solid form1第一季度單擊編輯副標(biāo)題第一季度單擊編輯副標(biāo)題open form2第一季

2、度單擊編輯副標(biāo)題hyphenated form3structures of compounds復(fù)合詞的結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合詞的結(jié)構(gòu)2two-word compoundsthree-word compoundsnoun+noun compoundsnoun+adjuctive compoundsnone+verb compoudsadjective+verb compoundsadjective+noun compoundsadjective+adjective compoundsstructures2verb+noun compoundsverb+adverb compoundsadverb+nounco

3、mpoundsadverb+adjective compoundsadverb+verb compoudspreposition+preposition compoundspreposition+noun compoundspronoun+noun compoundsstructures2 house+keephousekeep hair+cuthaircutwood+cutwoodcutexample-noun+verb compound2functions of compounds 復(fù)合詞的作用復(fù)合詞的作用3compounds can play different roles in a s

4、entence. they can be used as nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, etc.functions of compounds1. teargasthe police dispelled the mobs with tear gas. ( noun )the police dispelled the mobs by using teargas bombs. ( adjective )the police teargased the mobs. ( verb )2. air-drythe tobacco growers sir-dry tob

5、acco leaves in shaded sheds. ( verb )the air-dry process was completed in shaded sheds. ( adjective )3. face-to-facewe will have a face-to-face negotiation with the market competitors. ( adjective )we will negotiate with our competitors about market shares face-to-face. ( phrase )example3characteris

6、tics of compounds 復(fù)合詞的特點復(fù)合詞的特點4the prural form of a noun compound usually carries -s or -es at the end of the second part.復(fù)數(shù)在后復(fù)數(shù)在后a compound usually has its stressed syllable falling on the first part of the compound.重音在前重音在前most compounds today are treated as completely new words without a hyphen i

7、n between. some are not. 連字符大多可無連字符大多可無前修飾后前修飾后characteristics of compounds 4in compounds, the first part usually modifies the second part.nounsverbs adjectivesprepositions & adverbscharacteristics of compounds 4hard, soft, hot, high, low, good, badgo, come, paly, look, make, take, head, hand, g

8、irl, day, dog, line, rain, snowin, out, on, with, up, down, underthe most productive compound elements are usually the three-to-five-lettered words, or the basic anglo-saxon vocabulary.compound nouns復(fù)合名詞復(fù)合名詞5the constituents in a compound may belong to different parts of speech, but the compounds th

9、ey create are mostly nouns.compound nouns 請插入圖片請插入圖片請插入圖片請插入圖片adj+nhard disk硬盤n+nbar cord條形碼adv+nupgrade升級doing+nreading lamp臺燈v+nbreakwater防浪堤n+vnighfall黃昏v+advshow-off炫耀adv+vdownfall垮臺form of compound nouns compound adjectives復(fù)合形容詞復(fù)合形容詞6 復(fù)合形容詞主要用來作定語復(fù)合形容詞主要用來作定語, ,并且只作前置定語并且只作前置定語, ,即要放在被即要放在被修飾詞之

10、前。它也可以作形容詞修飾詞之前。它也可以作形容詞, ,表示一個長時間的特點或性質(zhì)。表示一個長時間的特點或性質(zhì)。例如：例如：an eight- year-old boy/ a ten-metre-tall tree6ever 永遠(yuǎn)的永遠(yuǎn)的ill 不健康的不健康的形容詞形容詞+looking形容容貌或外表形容容貌或外表made 制造的制造的proof 防防的，抗的，抗的的sick 暈暈的，渴的，渴望望的的wide 在在范圍范圍內(nèi)內(nèi)的的well 好的好的examples6phrasal compounds短語復(fù)合詞短語復(fù)合詞7。compounds can also be formed of phra

11、ses or word clusters of various kinds. in fact, most compounds formed in this way are very popular in contemprary english and are often used as compound adjectives. look at the following examples:1) on the way to the airport, they fell in a two-kilometer-long trafic jam.在去機場的路上，他們陷入了在去機場的路上，他們陷入了兩公里長的兩公里長的交通堵塞。交通堵塞。2 2）at the age of 26, she fell in love with a 62-year-old professor.她在她在26歲時愛上了一位歲時愛上了一位62歲的歲的教授。教授