新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)讀寫(xiě)教程二翻譯課后題

1、1中國(guó)書(shū)法（calligraphy）是一門(mén)獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)，是世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的藝術(shù)瑰寶。中國(guó)書(shū)法藝術(shù)的形成、發(fā)展與漢文字的產(chǎn)生與演進(jìn)存在著密不可分的關(guān)系。漢字在漫長(zhǎng)的演變發(fā)展過(guò)程中，一方面起著交流思想、繼承文化的重要作用，另一方面它本身又形成了一種獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)。書(shū)法能夠通過(guò)作品把書(shū)法家個(gè)人的生活感受、學(xué)識(shí)、修養(yǎng)、個(gè)性等折射出來(lái)，所以，通常有"字如其人"的說(shuō)法。中國(guó)書(shū)法不僅是中華民族的文化瑰寶，而且在世界文化藝術(shù)寶庫(kù)中獨(dú)放異彩。Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure in the world. T

2、he formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters. In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but also developed into a unique

3、art form. Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers' personal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality, and so forth, thus there is an expression that "seeing the calligrapher's handwriting is like seeing the person". As one of the treasures of Chinese culture, Chines

4、e calligraphy shines splendidly in the world's treasure house of culture and art.2近年來(lái)，隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，我國(guó)的數(shù)字化教育資源建設(shè)取得了巨大的成就。很多高校建立了自己的數(shù)字化學(xué)習(xí)平臺(tái)，數(shù)字化教學(xué)在教育中發(fā)揮著越來(lái)越大的作用。和傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)方式相比，數(shù)字化教學(xué)方式有很大的優(yōu)勢(shì)。一方面，數(shù)字化教學(xué)使教學(xué)資源得以全球共享；另一方面，它拓展了學(xué)習(xí)者的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間和空間，人們可以隨時(shí)隨地通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)進(jìn)入數(shù)字化的虛擬學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。這使得人類從接受一次性教育走向終身學(xué)習(xí)成為可能。In recent years, with th

5、e development of Internet technology, the construction of digital education resources of our country has made great achievements. Many universities have set up their own digital learning platforms, and digital teaching is playing an increasingly important role in education. Compared with the traditi

6、onal way of teaching, the digital way has a lot of advantages. On one hand, digital teaching makes global sharing of teaching resources possible; on the other hand, it expands the learner's study time and space to learn, allowing people to get access to the digital virtual schools through the In

7、ternet anytime and anywhere. These advantages make it possible for people to shift from one-time learning to lifelong learning.3孝道（filial piety）是中國(guó)古代社會(huì)的基本道德規(guī)范（code of ethics）。中國(guó)人把孝視為人格之本、家庭和睦之本、國(guó)家安康之本。由于孝道是儒家倫理思想的核心，它成了中國(guó)社會(huì)千百年來(lái)維系家庭關(guān)系的道德準(zhǔn)則。它毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)是中華民族的一種傳統(tǒng)美德。孝道文化是一個(gè)復(fù)合概念，內(nèi)容豐富，涉及面廣。它既有文化理念，又有制度禮儀（instit

8、utional etiquette）。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，它指社會(huì)要求子女對(duì)父母應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)，包括尊敬、關(guān)愛(ài)、贍養(yǎng)老人等等。孝道是古老的"東方文明"之根本。Filial piety is the basic code of ethics in ancient Chinese society. Chinese people consider filial piety as the essence of a person's integrity, family harmony, and the nation's well-being. With filial piety b

9、eing the core of Confucian ethics, it has been the moral standard for the Chinese society to maintain the family relationship for thousands of years. It's undoubtedly a traditional Chinese virtue. The culture of filial piety is a complex concept, rich in content and wide in range. It includes no

10、t only cultural ideas but also institutional etiquettes. Generally speaking, it refers to the obligation of children to their parents required by the society, including respect, care, support for the elderly and so forth. Filial piety is fundamental to the ancient "Oriental civilization".4

11、農(nóng)歷七月初七是中國(guó)的七夕節(jié) (Qixi Festival)，是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日中最具浪漫色彩的一個(gè)節(jié)日。一些大的商家每年都舉辦不同的活動(dòng)，年輕人也送禮物給他們的情人。因此，七夕節(jié)被認(rèn)為是中國(guó)的“情人節(jié)”(Valentine's Day)。七夕節(jié)來(lái)自牛郎與織女（Cowherd and Weaving Maid）的傳說(shuō)。相傳，每年的這個(gè)夜晚，天上的織女都會(huì)與牛郎相會(huì)。所以，在七夕的夜晚，人們可以看到牛郎織女在銀河 （the Milky Way）相會(huì)。姑娘們也會(huì)在這一天晚上向天上的織女乞求智慧，以獲得美滿姻緣。但隨著時(shí)代的變遷，這些活動(dòng)正在消失，唯有標(biāo)志著忠貞愛(ài)情的牛郎織女的傳說(shuō)一直流傳民間。J

12、uly 7th on the Chinese calendar is Chinese Qixi Festival, the most romantic of all the traditional Chinese holidays. Every year, some big businesses organize various activities, and young people send gifts to their lovers. As a result, the Qixi Festival is considered to be Chinese "Valentine

13、9;s Day". The Qixi Festival is derived from the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid. The legend holds that on this particular night every year the Weaving Maid in heaven meets with Cowherd. So, people can see Cowherd and Weaving Maid meeting in the Milky Way on the night of Qixi. On this night,

14、girls would also beg Weaving Maid for some wisdom for a happy marriage. But, with the changing of times, these activities are diminishing. All that remains is the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid, a sign of faithful love, continuously circulated among the folk.5絲綢之路（Silk Road）是我國(guó)古代一條連接中國(guó)和歐亞大陸（Eura

15、sia）的交通線路，由于這條商路以絲綢貿(mào)易為主，故稱"絲綢之路"。作為國(guó)際貿(mào)易的通道和文化交流的橋梁， 絲綢之路有效地促進(jìn)了東西方經(jīng)濟(jì)文化交流和發(fā)展，對(duì)世界文明進(jìn)程有著深遠(yuǎn)影響。當(dāng)前，在新的歷史條件下，我國(guó)提出了"一帶一路"（One Belt, One Road）（即"絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶"和"21世紀(jì)海上絲綢之路"）的戰(zhàn)略構(gòu)想。"一帶一路"以合作共贏為核心，強(qiáng)調(diào)相關(guān)各國(guó)的互利共贏和共同發(fā)展。這一戰(zhàn)略一經(jīng)提出即受到沿線各國(guó)的積極響應(yīng)。The Silk Road is a traffic route i

16、n the ancient times connecting China and Eurasia. This trade route focuses on the trade of silk, hence the name "the Silk Road". As an international trade channel and a bridge of cultural exchanges, the Silk Road effectively improved the economic and cultural exchanges and development betw

17、een the East and the West, exerting a profound impact on the progress of the world civilization. Nowadays, under the new historical circumstances, our country proposes the strategy of "One Belt, One Road" (namely the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road). The str

18、ategy of "One Belt, One Road" focuses on cooperation and mutual benefits, emphasizing mutual benefits, win-win, as well as common development of the related countries. Once proposed, the strategy has received positive responses from the related countries along the road.6國(guó)民幸福指數(shù)（National Hap

19、piness Index，NHI）是衡量人們幸福感的一種指數(shù)，也是衡量一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、居民生活與幸福水平的指標(biāo)工具。隨著中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速增長(zhǎng)，中國(guó)政府越來(lái)越重視人民群眾生活質(zhì)量和幸福指數(shù)的提升。政府注重改善民生，努力改善人民群眾的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況，滿足人民群眾日益增長(zhǎng)的物質(zhì)文化需求。當(dāng)前，中國(guó)政府提倡釋放改革紅利，讓人民群眾得到更多實(shí)惠。所有這些都將有效促進(jìn)我國(guó)國(guó)民幸福指數(shù)不斷提升。National Happiness Index (NHI) is an index that measures how happy people are. It is also a tool that measur

20、es the levels of economic development and people's livelihood and happiness in a country or region. With the fast growth of Chinese economy, the Chinese government has been paying more and more attention to people's living quality and the increase of happiness index. The government stresses

21、improvement of its people's livelihood, striving to improve their economic conditions and meet their growing material and cultural needs. Currently, the Chinese government advocates the unleashing of more reform dividends, with the aim of offering more real benefits to its people. All these meas

22、ures will combine to effectively increase the NHI of our people.7中國(guó)是絲綢的故鄉(xiāng)，因而有很多與絲綢相關(guān)的藝術(shù)，刺繡（embroidery）就是其中的一種。刺繡是中國(guó)民間傳統(tǒng)手工藝之一，至少有兩、三千年的歷史。從事刺繡的多為女子，因此刺繡又被稱為"女紅"（women's needlework）。刺繡在中國(guó)受到了人們廣泛的喜愛(ài)。刺繡可用來(lái)裝飾衣物，如在衣服、被子、枕套（pillowcase）等物品上繡上美麗的圖案，也可制作成特別的飾品（ornament）。中國(guó)有四大名繡: 蘇州的蘇繡、廣東的粵繡、湖南的湘

23、繡以及四川的蜀繡。各種繡法不僅風(fēng)格有差異，主題也各有不同。在這其中，蘇州的蘇繡最負(fù)盛名。China is home to silk, thereby having a variety of arts related to silk, one of which is embroidery. Embroidery, with at least two or three thousand years of history, is one of the Chinese traditional folk arts and crafts. Since most embroiderers are women

24、, it's also called "women's needlework". Embroidery has been much-loved by the Chinese people. It can be used to beautify clothing and things. For example, clothes, quilts, pillowcases etc. can be embroidered with beautiful designs, or a piece of embroidery can be made for a specia

25、l ornament. There are four most famous types of embroidery in China: Suxiu from Suzhou, Yuexiu from Guangdong, Xiangxiu from Hunan, and Shuxiu from Sichuan, each having its own style and theme. Among the four, Suzhou embroidery has enjoyed the highest reputation.8新中國(guó)成立以來(lái)，特別是改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，中國(guó)政府在生態(tài)環(huán)境(eco-envi

26、ronmental) 保護(hù)方面做出了大量努力，取得了有效進(jìn)展。政府采取了一系列保護(hù)和改善生態(tài)環(huán)境的重大舉措，譬如積極推進(jìn)重點(diǎn)生態(tài)工程，加強(qiáng)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)建設(shè)(ecosystem) 及生物多樣性保護(hù)(biodiversity conservation)，建立了一批自然保護(hù)區(qū)(nature reservation)、生態(tài)示范區(qū)(ecological demonstration zones)、風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)和森林公園。加強(qiáng)生態(tài)環(huán)境的保護(hù)和建設(shè)，實(shí)現(xiàn)人與自然和諧相處，是構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)（harmonious society）的重要目標(biāo)之一。環(huán)境保護(hù)和生態(tài)文明建設(shè)為中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。Since the founding of