考研英語歷年閱讀理解真題精析--1995年part5

1、考研英語歷年閱讀理解真題精析 -1995 年 part5Part FiveThat experiences influence subsequent behavior is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering. Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. Constant practice has such as effect on memory as to lead to sk

2、illful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words. So-called intelligent behavior demands memory , remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning. The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on m

3、emory.Typically, the decision to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences .Practice (or review ) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten;and the adaptive consequences ma

4、y not seem obvious. Yet, dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can seem to be adaptive. In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals. Indeed, when one's memory of an emotionally painful experience lead to serious anx

5、iety, forgetting may produce relief. Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection.In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to conside

6、r what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration. Without forgetting, adaptive abilitywould suffer, for example ,learned behavior that might have been correct a

7、 decade ago may no longer be. Cases are recorded of people who by ordinary standardsforgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion. This forgetting seems to serve that survival of the individual and the species.Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limite

8、d capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting.In this view,continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage input andforgetting output . Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have lear

9、ned. Such data offers gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an input-output balance.17. From the evolutionary point of view,_.Aforgetting for lack of practice tends to be obviously inadaptive .Bif a person gets very forgetful all of a sudden he must be very adaptive C the gradua

10、l process of forgetting is an indication of an individual' s adaptabilityD sudden forgetting may bring about adaptive consequences18. According to the passage, if a person never forgot ,_.Ahe would survive bestBhe would have a lot of troubleChis ability to learn would be enhancedDthe evolution o

11、f memory would stop19. From the last paragraph we know that_.A forgetfulness is a response to learningB the memory storage system is an exactly balanced input-output systemCmemory is a compensation for forgettingDthe capacity of a memory storage system is limited because forgetting occurs20. In this

12、 article, the author tries to interpret the function of_. A remembering Bforgetting Cadapting D experiencingUnit 2 1995Part5重點(diǎn)詞匯：subsequent 隨后的J sub+sequ+ent , sub-在下，sequ =follow 詞根跟隨 ,-ent 形 容詞后綴。 Be sure not to tell a first falsehood, and you needn't fear being detected in any subsequent ones

13、. 千萬別說第一個(gè)謊話，這樣就不用害怕在隨后的謊話中被人發(fā)現(xiàn)。duration 持久；持續(xù)時(shí)間即 dur+ation ， dur 詞根 " 持續(xù) " ， -ation 名詞后綴。同根詞： durable 持 久 的 J dur+able 可 的 ； endurance 持 久 力 ； 忍 耐 力 J en使 +dur+a nee。 It is not the stre ngth but the durati on of great sen time nt thatmakes great men. 造就偉人的不是力量，而是偉大情操的持久。con temporary 當(dāng)代的；同

14、時(shí)代的；同時(shí)代的人Jcon+tempor+ary , con-起，tempor 看作temper 性情，-ary后綴，性情相同的人就是同時(shí)代的人。Most con temporary books give the impression of having been manufactured in a day, out of books read the day before. 大局部當(dāng)代書籍給人的印象，是花一天工夫用前一天讀過的書加工而成的。難句解析： That experie nces in flue nee subseque nt behaviour is evide nee of an

15、obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering.本句的主語是個(gè)從句 That experiences influence subsequent behaviour ，而后面是一個(gè) 簡單的系表結(jié)構(gòu) is evidence ，只不過 evidence 后面的修飾成分較多，里面的兩個(gè)形容詞 obvious 和 remarkable 之間還用了 but nevertheless 來表達(dá)一種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。注意在閱讀的時(shí)候先要抓住主干結(jié)構(gòu)，特別是主語從句。在表語的局部要能夠一眼認(rèn)出其核 心結(jié)構(gòu)是 evidence of activ

16、ity 。 Constant practicehas such as effect onmemory as to lead to skilful performanceon the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words.本句的主干很簡單，就是as. as. ，在后一個(gè)as 的后面有一個(gè)不定式，而這個(gè)不定式有三個(gè)并列的賓語 to skilfulperformance on thepiano, to recitationof a poem, and even to read

17、ing andunderstanding these words ，注意這里的三個(gè)to都是介詞，和動(dòng)詞 lead 構(gòu)成詞組。Constant practice has. effect on memory 主要的結(jié)構(gòu)是 such是一種舉例子的形式。注意先抓主干結(jié)構(gòu)，另外要注意such as. as. Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious.本句可一分為二，在分號(hào)處分開，前面的分句中 ove

18、r a period of no practice 是個(gè)時(shí)間狀 語，主語是個(gè)從句 what has been learned ，謂語是 tends to be forgotten ，后面的結(jié)構(gòu)非 常簡單。理解本句以及下面幾句的功夫不在文字上，而是要求同學(xué)們對(duì)于進(jìn)化論的假設(shè)和其與記憶的 關(guān)系有一個(gè)明確的認(rèn)識(shí)。在這里我們要知道，作者認(rèn)為遺忘是一種生物在進(jìn)化中適應(yīng)外界殘 酷現(xiàn)實(shí)的適應(yīng)性行為，因?yàn)橹挥型袅诉^去的不愉快經(jīng)歷，一個(gè)生命才有可能活得更加生機(jī) 勃勃。而這樣的觀點(diǎn)的一種必然推論就是迅速遺忘要優(yōu)于慢速遺忘，因?yàn)橥迷娇炀驮侥苓m 應(yīng)外部世界。那么在這里作者就指出用進(jìn)化論適應(yīng)性的觀點(diǎn)來解釋遺忘有局限

19、性。 Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretationmight make it difficulttounderstand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection.本句的主語是 an evolutionary interpretation ,謂語might make,而賓語的局部比擬復(fù)雜， 有一個(gè)形式賓語 it ，在真正的作賓語的不定式中還有一個(gè)從句 how the commonly gradual process of forgetting s

20、urvived natural selection。 In thinking about the evolution of memorytogether with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade.本句的主干是 it is helpful to do sth.,真正的主語是 to consider 這個(gè)不定式,當(dāng)然它里面還包含了一個(gè)帶條件從句的賓語從句。逗號(hào)前面的是一個(gè)狀語。注意在閱讀的時(shí)候先要抓住主干結(jié)構(gòu), 同時(shí)看清主句中的 it 是一個(gè)形式主語, 指代的是后面 的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。而前面的一個(gè) its 應(yīng)該是指 memory。 Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting.本句的主干是 Another line of tho