電子交通(Telecommuting)

1、電子交通(Telecommuting)電子交通(Telecommuting) 電子交通(Telecommuting) 電子交 通電子交通-用電腦取代上班的往返-作為對(duì)各種各樣的辦公室 工作問題的解決辦法已受到了歡迎。對(duì)工作者來(lái)說(shuō)，它承諾不受辦公室的約束，更少的時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在 交通上和有助于解決照看小孩的矛盾。對(duì)管理者來(lái)說(shuō)，電子交通有助于挽留高效率的工作者，通過省 去辦公室與家之間的來(lái)回往返，大大減少工作拖拉和曠工，給予管理 者獨(dú)處的時(shí)間來(lái)完成需要高度集中精神的任務(wù)，為管理者提供靈活的時(shí)間安排。在一些地區(qū)，如南加利福尼亞和西雅圖、華盛頓，地方政府鼓勵(lì)公司開始電子交通計(jì)劃以減少交通高峰時(shí)的塞車和提高空

2、氣質(zhì)量。但這些益處也來(lái)之不易。要使電子交通成功需要仔細(xì)的計(jì)劃并且理解電子交通的現(xiàn)實(shí)狀況和流行的想象之間的區(qū)別。許多工作者被電子交通的美好幻想所迷 惑。一位電腦程序設(shè)計(jì)員從紐約市搬到了寧?kù)o的阿第倫達(dá)克山，用電腦保持與她辦公 室之間的聯(lián)系。一位經(jīng)理一周三天到辦公室，其他兩天在家工作；一位會(huì)計(jì)師在家照顧她生i病的孩子，接通電話調(diào)制解調(diào)器的接頭，在同醫(yī)生通話之余完成辦公 室工作。這些是很有震撼力的情景，但也是對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)有限的反映。電子交 通者很快發(fā)現(xiàn)在同一時(shí)間專注工作和照看小孩幾乎是不可能的。在 某個(gè)年齡之前，小孩子不可能意識(shí)到，更不可能尊重工作與家 庭之間的界限。如果家長(zhǎng)要完成工作，就必須另外照看小孩。

3、管理階 層必須把現(xiàn)實(shí)同神話分開。雖然傳媒對(duì)電子交通投入了極大的關(guān)注，但在很大程度上，是 員工的實(shí)際情況而不是技術(shù)的可能性促成電子交通的安排。這就是為什么盡管有廣泛的報(bào)導(dǎo)，具有在家工作項(xiàng)目或行動(dòng)綱 領(lǐng)的公司數(shù)目依然很少的部分原因。telecommuti ngtelecommuti ng-substitut ingthecomputer for the trip to the job -has been hailed as a solution to all kinds of problems related to office work.for workers it promises freed

4、om from the office, less time wasted in traffic, and help with child-care con flicts. for man ageme nt, telecommuti nghelps keep high performers on board,mini mizes tard in ess and abse nteeism byelim in ati ngcommutes, allows periods of solitude forhigh-concentrationtasks, and provides scheduli ng

5、flexibility.in some areas, such as southern california and seattle, wash ington, I ocal gover nments are en couragi ng compa nies tostart telecommuting programs in order to reduce rush-hour con gesti on and improve air quality.but these ben efits do not come easily. mak ing a telecommuti ng program

6、work requires careful planningand an understandingof the differencesbetween telecommuting realities and popular images.many workers are seduced by rosy illusi ons of life as a telecommuter.a computer programmer from new york city moves to the tranq uil adir on dack mountainsand stays in con tact wit

7、hheroffice via computer. a manager comes in to his office three days a week and works at home the other two. an acco untant stays home to care for her sick child; she hooks up her teleph one moder n conn ecti ons and does office work betwee n calls to the doctor.these are powerful images, but they a

8、re a limited reflecti on of reality. telecommut ing workers soon lear n that it is almost impossible to concen trate on work and care for a young child at the same time. before a certa in age, young children cannot recognize, much less respect, the necessary boun daries betwee n work and family. add

9、iti onal child support is n ecessary if the pare nt is to get any work don e.ma nageme nt too must separate the myth from the reality.although the media has paid a great deal of atte nti on to telecommutingin most cases it is the employee s situation,not the availability of tech no logythat precipitates atelecommutingarrangement.th