現(xiàn)在完成時語法詳細講解

1、-作者xxxx-日期xxxx現(xiàn)在完成時語法詳細講解【精品文檔】英語現(xiàn)在完成時語法詳細講解與配套習題一、現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成： have (has) +過去分詞。規(guī)則變化的過去分詞與過去式的變化一樣，在動詞詞尾加ed; 不規(guī)則變化的過去分詞見不規(guī)則動詞表，需要同學(xué)記憶?，F(xiàn)以see the film為例將現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定句，否定句和疑問句列表如下：肯定句：I/You/We/They have seen the film.    He/She /It has seen the fil

2、m. 否定句：I/You/We/They have not/ havent seen the film.         He/ She/It has not/hasnt seen the film. 疑問句：Have I/you/they seen the film? Yes, you/ we/I/they have. No, you/ we/I/they havent. Has he/she/it seen the film? Yes, he/ she/ it has.  No, he/ she/ it has

3、nt. 二、用法：現(xiàn)在完成時既涉及過去，又聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在。標志詞詞義用法位置already已經(jīng)肯定句句中或句末ever曾經(jīng)疑問句、肯定句句中never從未，從來不陳述句，不和not 連用句中(ever)since自從肯定、疑問、否定句中for后接一段時間肯定、疑問、否定句中just剛剛，正好肯定句句中yet還疑問句、否定句末recently最近肯定、否定、疑問句句末once, twice, a few times幾次肯定、疑問句末during/over /in the past/last + 一段時間在過去的一段時間里肯定、疑問、否定句末Its the first time I 這是我第一次肯定句前

4、用法一：表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。常與just（剛剛），already（已經(jīng)），never（從來沒有），ever（曾經(jīng)），before（以前），yet（仍然），once（一次），twice（兩次），many times（很多次），how many times（多少次），so far（迄今為止），during the past（last）three years（最近三年來）等連用。    副詞的位置：just常用于肯定句中，放在have / has后，He has just come . never表示否定, 放在have / has后

5、, He has never visited the Great Wall. ever用于疑問句中,句型為: Have / Has主語ever 過去分詞？“曾經(jīng)過嗎？”用于詢問某人過去的經(jīng)歷。Have you ever been to the farm？before用于句末，The woman has never heard of that before. yet 用于句末或not 之后.Has the train arrived yet? No, not yet. already用于肯定句, have / has 之后或句末.We have already finished it. so f

6、ar用于句首或句末. So far, we have visited the moon. 用法二：表示過去已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。時間狀語有：    for表示一段時間的詞語I have taught English for 19 years。    since表示過去時間點的詞語He has been at this school since 1986.     since表示過去的時間狀語從句I have lived here since I was born.   

7、  since一段時間ago. I have known him since 20 years ago. 三、現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中可以和表示一段時間狀語（for，since，how long, all ones life）連用的動詞必須是表示延續(xù)的情況或動作的動詞，即延續(xù)性動詞。如：be，have，know，live，work，study，learn，teach，keep，speak，talk，draw，wait，wear，walk，sleep，drive，write，do，clean等。I have been a teacher for nearly 20 years. How long

8、 has he lived here? 英語中還有一些動詞的意義決定它們所表示的動作不能延續(xù),只是一瞬間就結(jié)束的動作,這類動詞叫做“非延續(xù)性動詞”，常見的有：come，go，arrive，reach，see，hear，close，open，leave，begin，start，lose，buy，fall，join，die，get up，become，borrow，lend，find，finish，receive等。這些動詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時，說明某個動作的結(jié)果還存在，但不能和表示一段時間的狀語（how long，for，since）連用。He has come back.（）He has come

9、 back for two hours.（×）    但在否定句中，非延續(xù)性動詞也可用表示一段時間的狀語來修飾，如I havent heard from my father for a long time. We havent seen him since 1999. （5）用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞替代非延續(xù)性動詞。He has bought the book for two weeks. 改為:He has had the book for two weeks. 常見的相應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)換形式如下: borrow / lendkeep, buyhave, finish

10、/ endbe over, arrive /come / go / move / reach /get tobe in /at / be here /be there,begin / startbe on , openbe open , closebe closed,diebe dead , leavebe away（from）, go to schoolbe in school / be a student, getupbe up, fall asleepbe asleep , fall illbe ill, get to knowknow, losebe lost,becomebe, re

11、turn / come back / get backbe back, joinbe in / be amember, join the armybe in the army /be a soldier,receive / get a letterhave a letter , catch / get a coldhave a cold, begin to studystudy, 他參軍已有三年.He has joined the army for three years.（錯）改為: He has been in the army for three years / since three

12、years ago. He has been a soldier for three years / since three years ago. He joined the army three years ago. It is three years since he joined the army. Three years has passed since he joined the army. 四、現(xiàn)在完成時中應(yīng)注意的幾個問題have been to 和have gone to的區(qū)別have been to 強調(diào)“去過”，現(xiàn)已不在那里，如：He has been to the USA

13、three times. 他到美國去過三次。（過去“到美國”，現(xiàn)在已“不在美國”）have gone to主要強調(diào)的是“去了”，現(xiàn)在人不在說話的現(xiàn)場，如：-Where's your mother? -你媽媽在哪？-She has gone to the hospital. -她去醫(yī)院了。五、如何通過與一般過去時做比較,進一步掌握現(xiàn)在完成時? 一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時的動作都發(fā)生在過去,但意義卻不同. （1）一般過去時只表示過去的動作或狀態(tài),和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響,強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在。如:I learned ten English songs（說明過去

14、學(xué)過,現(xiàn)在是否記得,不是本句的內(nèi)容）I have learnt ten English songs.（learn發(fā)生在過去,但強調(diào)我現(xiàn)在懂英語歌曲）I cleaned the blackboard half an hour ago.（只說明“擦”和其發(fā)生的時間）I have cleaned the blackboard.（說明現(xiàn)在黑板是干凈的）The teacher has written some new words on the blackboard（黑板上現(xiàn)在有單詞）The teacher wrote some new words on the blackboard（黑板上現(xiàn)在沒有單詞）

15、（2）一般過去時可以和表示過去的時間狀語連用,如:yesterday, last year, three days ago, just now, 等?，F(xiàn)在完成時不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用,其時間狀語可以是since,for , just, ever, never, before, already, yet , so far, all ones life等典型例題】1. Oh, Mrs. King, your necklace looks nice. Is it new?     No, I _ it for two years.   

16、0;  A. had                 B. have had           C. bought               D. have bought   2. His gra

17、ndfather _ for over two years.      A. has died           B. has been dead    C. has dead            D. died   3.Uncle Li can speak English very well becau

18、se he _ England for 5 years.     A. has gone to      B. has been to        C. has come to       D. has been in 4. Where is Mr. Zhang? He _ London. A. has been to      B.

19、has been            C. has gone            D. has gone to 5. _ to the United States?  No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago. A. Have you been      

20、60;                       B. Have you gone C. Did you go        D. Will you go   6. I havent seen you _ last Friday.     A. for  &

21、#160;                B. since                 C. from                &

22、#160; D. on     7. John, you _ the computer game for two hours. Its bad for your eyes. Stop, please! OK, Mum.     A. played            B. have played        C. were playing  &

23、#160;   D. play   8.I wont go to the concert because I _ my ticket.      A. lost       B. dont lose       C. have lost   D. will lost Exercise: Fill in the blanks with the right verb tense: 1. It 

24、0;       （rain）for a week. 2. I dont know this woman. I         （meet, never）her. 3.Lets go to the cinema.No, I          （see, already）the film. 4. We      

25、;   （finish, not）our homework yet. Will you wait a minute? 5. John       （come, not）yet. He will be back in a minute. 6. Mr. Green often goes to America. In fact, he        （be）there ten times. 7. Wheres John? He  &

26、#160;       just      （go）to the teachers office. 8. She        （study）English since she was ten. She      （begin）to study English when she was ten. 9. Jim isnt here. He         （go）to the library. He    （go）there an hour ago. 10. He       （travel, never）on a train in her life. 11. I       （buy）the bike two weeks ago. I