主謂一致專項

1、主謂一致的三個原則1語法形式上的一致主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：The number of mistakes was surprisingA number of mistakes were surprising Jane and Mary look healthy and strong2意義上的一致 1)主語形式為單數(shù)而意義是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如： The crowd were running for their lives 2)主語形式為復(fù)數(shù)而意義上是單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：The news was very exciting3就近

2、一致 1)謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式與最靠近它的主語保持一致。 連詞or，eitheror，not onlybut also等連接的并列主語，句 中謂語動詞就近一致。 A or B或Either A or B Neither A nor B +謂語動詞(與B一致) Not only A but also BEither you or one of your students is to attend the meetingEither one of your students or you are to attend the meeting Not only you but also Mary l

3、ikes this game Neither Jack nor the twins know how to spell the word 疑問句中與靠近它的主語A一致。例如： Are either you or she to blame?是你還是她該受到責(zé)備? Are either you or he going to the movie?是你還是他去看電影? Do either you or he have lunch at school?是你還是他在學(xué)校用午 餐? 在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果出現(xiàn)兩個或兩個以上的主語時，謂語動 詞通常與靠近它的主語保持一致。例如：There is a d

4、ictionary and two books on the deskThere are two books and a very old dictionary on the desk主謂一致原則的具體應(yīng)用1名詞作主語1)當(dāng)主語后面跟有as well as等引導(dǎo)的介詞短語或其他從屬結(jié)構(gòu)時，其謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)而定。 The teacher as well as the students was excitedThe students as well as the teacher were excited Everyone else，in addition to his par

5、ents，was excited2)某些集體名詞作主語時，如果作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如果就其中一個個成員而言，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： His family is going to have a long journey The whole family are watching TV The population in China is very large，and eighty percent of the population in China are farmers The couple are spending their honeymoon Each couple

6、 was asked to complete a form常見的集體名詞還有：audience，class，club，committee，company，crew，crowd，enemy，government，group，party，public，staff，team，youth，etc3)某些只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待的集體名詞如：people，police，poultry, cattle(牲畜，特指牛)，謂語動詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。例如： The police are searching for the thief Domestic cattle provide us with milk and beef20

7、head of cattle4)單數(shù)形式的單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。常見的有deer(鹿)，sheep(羊)，fish(魚)等?？辞懊娴男揎椩~。如修飾詞是單數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，反之，用復(fù)數(shù)。例如： A sheep is over there Some sheep are over there There are some deer in the woods The best fish smell when they are three days old5)復(fù)數(shù)形式的單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時，按意義一致的原則。作單數(shù)意義時，謂語用單數(shù)；反之，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。通

8、常，當(dāng)它們前面有 a，such a，this，that修飾時，謂語用單數(shù)；有all，such，these，those修飾時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有： crossroads 十字路口 means方法 works 工廠 headquarters總部，指揮部 series系列 species種類 A crossroads is a place where roads cross There are several crossroads here The quickest means of travel is by plane Every means has been tried These spec

9、ies that live there will be facing extinction When a whole species dies out，we say the organism has become extinct6)以一ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞，雖然形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，常作不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。這類詞有： athletics運動 aerobics有氧運動 gymnastics體操 electronics電子學(xué) economics經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) mathematics數(shù)學(xué) physics物理學(xué)politics政治學(xué) statistics統(tǒng)計學(xué) Mathematics seems diff

10、icult to him Athletics is recommended for the old Statistics is a branch of mathematics 但當(dāng)這類名詞表示具體實踐活動、性能、現(xiàn)象等時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：What are your politics?你的政治觀點是什么? Athletics include all kinds of sports，such as rowing，running，ect . 運動包括各種競技，如劃船、賽跑等。 Statistics show/indicate/demonstrate that there are more

11、boys than girls at schoo1 統(tǒng)計數(shù)字表明，學(xué)校里的男孩比女孩多。7)下列以一S結(jié)尾的名詞作主語，謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。以一S結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞有下列幾種情況： 由兩個部分構(gòu)成的表示衣物或工具等的名詞。例如： Your trousers are really too short 這類詞有： clothes衣服compasses圓規(guī)chopsticks筷子 glasses眼鏡 shoes鞋子 scissors剪刀trousers褲子 scales天平 slippers拖鞋socks短襪 stockings長襪如果這些詞前面有量詞，謂語動詞的形式取決于量詞的形式A pair o

12、f shoes costs at least RMB200 yuanThere are two pairs of shoes in the box.以一ing+S結(jié)尾的名詞。例如： Our total earnings were about forty dollars The surroundings are very satisfactory 這類詞有： belongings所有物earnings所掙的錢findings調(diào)查結(jié)果 savings儲蓄 shortcomings缺點 surroundings環(huán)境 某些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式含有特定的意義，作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： Riches

13、 do not always bring happiness財富并非總是帶來幸福。 My pains have been rewarded我的辛勞得到了回報。 Manners make the man舉止塑造人格。 How are the sales today?今天生意如何? My special thanks go to ProfBrown，whose suggestions have been a great help tome我要特別感謝布朗教授，他的建議對我?guī)椭艽?這類詞有： congratulations賀詞 funds資金，現(xiàn)款damages賠償 fireworks煙火pain

14、s辛苦 regards致意 sales售貨總量thanks感謝tidings消息，音訊8)名詞所有格之后的名詞語被省略的情況一般只指商店、公共建筑 物、住它等，作主語時，動詞一般用單數(shù)。例如： The doctor's is on this side of the street My uncle's is not far from here 常見的省略名詞有： the baker'sthe barber's (指商店) my aunt'sthe Johnsons (palace) (指住宅) St. Pauls(Cathedral)，StJohns(Pa

15、lace)(指公共建筑物)。9)當(dāng)名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時間、書套等名詞，茬程可以根據(jù)意義一致的原則，把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個整體，謂語用單數(shù)形式。例如： Three years has passed The Selected Poems of Li Bai was published long ago Five miles is not a long distance Ten thousand dollars is more than I can afford10)如果名詞詞組中心詞是all，most，half，rest，part等詞語，表 示的是復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；

16、反之，用單數(shù)。例如：All/most/half/rest/part+of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞All/most/half/rest/part+of+不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語動詞 All of my classmates work hard All of the water is gone11)有些形容詞前加定冠詞the指具有某種特性的一類人。作主語時，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。此類詞有the young，the old，the elderly，living，the dead，the blind，the deaf，the disabled等。例如：Not only are the young keen

17、 in sports，even the elderly are enthusiastic about physical training不但年輕人愛好運動，就連上了年紀(jì)的人也積極鍛煉身體。One person was wounded and two killed in the car accident. The wounded was sent to hospital.2由連接詞接的名詞作主語，1）用and等連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Both A and B+復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞pl.vA and B +復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞pl.vPlastics and rubber never ro

18、tWalking and riding are good exercises 2)并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念，謂語動 詞要用單數(shù)形式(這時and后面的名詞沒有冠詞)。例如：A and B+單數(shù)謂語動詞His /An/A/The+n1 and n2+單數(shù)謂語動詞Truth and honesty is the best policyHis friend and fellow author works very hardThe father and policeman works very hardGoing to bed early and getting up early

19、is a good habitFish and chips is one of the most common English dishes常見的有：a knife and fork一副刀叉 a cup and saucer一套荼碟茶杯a watch and chain一只帶表帶的表 truth and honesty誠實fish and chips炸魚和薯條bread and butter涂奶酪的面包law and order法律與秩序 meat and potatoes 肉炒土豆3代詞作主語1)不定代詞each，every，no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號連接成多個并列主語，謂語動詞仍用

20、單數(shù)形式。例如：Each boy and (each) girl wants to serve the people in the future·Every teacher and (every) student has their own shortcomings2)不定代詞作主語時有以下幾種情況：each of either of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：Each of us has passed the final examEither of the two girls understands EnglishThey each have an English d

21、ictionary. both, several，a few，few, many, a great many作主語時，動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Some visitors to the new gallery are enthusiastic but many have expressed their disappointment3. much, little, a little, a great deal作主語時，動詞用單數(shù)。anyhalf，some，a lot ，all 等作主語時，有以下兩種情況：A)單獨作主語，視其在文中的意義，動詞可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式。 So all is going wel

22、l All are presentLets begin the meeting. Any is good for me I dont think any of my friends have seen themB)后接of加名詞或代詞時，根據(jù)of后的名詞或代詞的數(shù)而定：any，half，a11 不可數(shù)名詞+謂語動詞用單數(shù) +ofsome,a lot 復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞+謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)Some of the information is considered top secret.Some of us are hiring a minibus to go to the match3)名詞型物主代詞作

23、主語，謂語動詞取決于主語所代替的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Ours(=Our Party)is a great PartyMarys skirt is very expensive, while yours(= your skirt) is cheap.Your shoes are black，while mine(=my shoes)are brown5)關(guān)系代詞who，that，which等在定語從句中作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。例如： Those (who want to go) please sign your names here Some of the

24、energy( that is used by man) comes from the sun4數(shù)詞、量詞作主語1)基數(shù)詞單純表示數(shù)字作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式，但當(dāng)基數(shù)詞表示的不是數(shù)值而是數(shù)量時，謂語動詞可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： Ten billion is a large number There are 30 students in the class. Twelve are boys 英語中算術(shù)式作主語時，若是減法和除法算術(shù)式，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式；若是加法和乘法，謂語動詞有時也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： Three taken from eight leaves fiveEight min

25、us three leaves five. Twelve divided by four is three Two and(plus)two is/are four Three times five isare fifteen在提問加、減、乘、除得數(shù)時，如用how much，謂語動詞多用單數(shù)形式；如用how many，謂語動詞多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： How much is eight divided by two? How many are two times five?2)表示數(shù)量的one and a half后只能接復(fù)數(shù)名詞。其短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： One and a h

26、alf apples is left on the table One and a half months has elapsed3)如果主語由more than one或many a后接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)構(gòu)成，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)，它的謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。例如： More than one student has seen the film Many a ship has been damaged in the storm但是，在“more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one”結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： More members than one are against your plan

27、4)kindsorttype of加名詞時的主謂一致。kind是單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。this kindsorttype of+常接單數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語動詞This type of book is boringThat sort of job is interesting即使of后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，也因kind為單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 This kind of men is dangerous This kind of apples isn't clearly priced kind被all，several等修飾，形成kinds，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式All,most kinds of S

28、everal + sorts of + + 名詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞Many types of Most types of vegetable grow in that garden All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome There are two sorts of field bean There are all sorts of reasons why this is true 若of this kind等前有復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Men of this kind are dangerous Books of this typ

29、e are boring5)little,a little，much，a great deal of等修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如 If there is much rain the ground will be flooded A great deal of trouble lies before US A large sum of money was saved 6)a(great)number of，a great many of等修飾可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如： A number of students have gone to the

30、countryside to help with the autumn harvest A group of us have decided to hire a boat and travel through Holland by canal A total of 20.000 people are said to have visited the castle since it was open to the public A variety of views are published A wide variety of opinions have been expressed on th

31、e plausibility (真實性)of these threats An average of ten students are absent each day7)the number of，the average of等后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。例如： The number of students in our school is increasing The variety of pictures at the exhibition pleases me The average of letters received each month is 300 The total

32、of his gains has amounted to millions。 The proportion of boys to girls in my class is three to one8)短語a pair of，a series of等與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如:A pair of shoes was under the deskA series of lectures is said to be given by MrStoneThere is a broad range of choices of course in colleges and un

33、iversitiesA long line of flags and eoloured umbrellas was seen moving towards the gate of the palaceA generation of people of a new type is growing up9)分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)及a proportion of，athe majority of等短語作主語時，以of后的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式來決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。這是因為短語后的名詞是中心詞。例如Threefourths of the earths surface is covered with waterThr

34、eefifths of the workers here are womenLots of damage was caused by firePlenty of English books are on the shelfThere is plenty of work to be doneA high proportion of Americans go to college.A large proportion of my time is spent in studyingThere were heaps of invaluable jewels hidden in the cavesThe

35、re is heaps of time before the plane leavesThe mass of men share this beliefThe greater part of the land is uncultivatedThe greater part of apples are badThe great mass of the continent is buried under the ice capLarge masses of the people lack the basic necessities of lifeMasses of evidence has bee

36、n accumulatedPiles of work is waiting to be doneA11 about us in the store are piles of goodsThe majority of the companys work remains throughout AsiaA majority of the towns younger men are moving to the city10)a collection of，a mass of等不管修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。例如There is a collection of pi

37、ctures at the Town HallThere is a collection of dust in an unused roomThere was a mass of children in the yardThere was a mass of sand in front of his houseA substantial portion of reports is missingThere is always a large pile of books on my deskThere is a set of rules that you must fo1low if youre going mountainclimbingIs there a species of animals that are called“l(fā)ittle monsters”?Homeschooling is a species of school education11)quantity和amount的用法如下：A large quantity of bananas were on sale A large quantity of beer was soldQuantities o