人教版英語高二選修8 Unit2 Language points

1、人教課標人教課標 高二高二 選修選修 8Unit 21. differ vi. different, difference 常見的結構有：常見的結構有：differ from . 與與不同不同differ in 在在方面不同方面不同differ with sb. on / about / over sth. 與某人在某事上意見不同與某人在某事上意見不同 【點撥】【點撥】a. 用作用作“不同不同”解時，只接介詞解時，只接介詞 from。 b. 有不同意見，表示異議時接有不同意見，表示異議時接 from 與與 with 均可。均可。 c. 表示在某方面不同時，用介詞表示在某方面不同時，用介詞 in

2、。 【拓展延伸】【拓展延伸】difference n. 差別差別 different adj. 不同的不同的be different from與與不同不同 make a(no) difference 有（沒有）區(qū)分；有（沒有）重要關系有（沒有）區(qū)分；有（沒有）重要關系 It makes no difference to sb. 對對沒關系沒關系 【典型例題】【典型例題】Thoughts of Oriental(東方人東方人) differ much_ westerners in a number of ways. between B. between those C. from D. from

3、 those of【答案】【答案】D 考查考查differ的用法的用法 【點撥】【點撥】此處應該用指代的詞，結構和此處應該用指代的詞，結構和thoughts of一樣，但用一樣，但用those代替代替 用適當?shù)慕樵~填空。用適當?shù)慕樵~填空。(1) Im sorry to differ _ you _ the matter.(2) The customs here differ _ those of the south.(3) The two girls differ _ language.(4) There are many differences _ living in the city an

4、d living in the countryside.fromon/ overfrominbetween2. It is a difficult task to undertake. undertake vt. 觀察示例觀察示例: The procedure is difficult to undertake, of course. 當然當然, 這個過程很難實施。這個過程很難實施。 The scientist undertakes the experiment. 科學家從事這項實驗?？茖W家從事這項實驗。I can undertake the responsibility for the ch

5、anges. 我愿意承擔這些變革的責任。我愿意承擔這些變革的責任。The lawyer undertook a new case. 那個律師接了一個新的案子。那個律師接了一個新的案子。undertake 是及物動詞是及物動詞, 主要有兩個義項主要有兩個義項: 著手做著手做, 從事從事, 進行進行; 擔任擔任, 承擔承擔, 答應答應, 同同意。意。歸納拓展歸納拓展： 完成下列句子。完成下列句子。 (1) He will _ _ _ next month (去旅行去旅行). (2) He _ _ _ _ (承擔承擔一項新任務一項新任務).undertooktasknewaaundertakejou

6、rney3. object v. objection n. 觀察示例觀察示例: On the other hand, Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination. 另一方面另一方面, 多莉的出現(xiàn)引來了巨大的反對多莉的出現(xiàn)引來了巨大的反對激發(fā)了傳媒的熱炒和公眾的想像力。激發(fā)了傳媒的熱炒和公眾的想像力。vi. 不贊成不贊成, 反對反對n. 物品物品, 目標目標派生詞派生詞 objection n. 不贊成不贊成, 反對反對常用搭配常

7、用搭配 object to sth./doing sth. 反對反對(做做)某事某事object to sb. 反對某人反對某人object that 反對反對have/take/make an objection to (doing) sth. 對對表示反對表示反對raise an objection to (doing) sth. 對對提出異議提出異議歸納拓展：歸納拓展： object作不及物動詞時后接介詞作不及物動詞時后接介詞to或或against; 作及物動詞時可接作及物動詞時可接that引導的從引導的從句。句。 objection是名詞是名詞, 常與常與have, take, fee

8、l等等連用構成詞組：連用構成詞組： have objection to take objection to feel objection to 句型轉換句型轉換(1) Have you any objection to my opening the window? = Would you _ _ my opening the window?object to(2) take objection to smoking. = I _ _ smoking.(3) “But he is too young,” she argued. = She _ that he was too young.obje

9、ct toobjected4. Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain.obtain vt. 觀察示例觀察示例: Meanwhile you will obtain a lot of information. 同時你將獲得大量的知識。同時你將獲得大量的知識。 She obtained her doctors degree in 1996. 她她1996年獲得博士學位。年獲得博士學位。The books can be obtained f

10、rom the library. 這些書可以在圖書館里取得。這些書可以在圖書館里取得。His achievement obtained him great fame. 他的成就使得他獲得很大的名聲他的成就使得他獲得很大的名聲。 obtain 指通過努力從特定的地方獲得指通過努力從特定的地方獲得非常想要的東西。非常想要的東西。 get 指得到指得到, 所取得的東西不一定跟努所取得的東西不一定跟努力、意志有關。力、意志有關。 gain 指通過努力取得對自己有益或有指通過努力取得對自己有益或有價值的東西。價值的東西。obtain, get & gain 將下列句子譯成漢語。將下列句子譯成漢語

11、。(1) She has obtained a driving licence. _(2) He obtained entrance to Beijing University. _她已經(jīng)取得了駕駛執(zhí)照。她已經(jīng)取得了駕駛執(zhí)照。他獲得了北京大學的入學資格。他獲得了北京大學的入學資格。5. forbid vt. 觀察示例觀察示例 Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning. 一些政府開始改革他們的法律體系一些政府開始改革他們的法律體系, 禁止對人類克隆的研究。禁止對人類克隆的研究。

12、詞義詞義 vt. (to command someone not to do something) 禁止禁止, 不準不準反議詞反議詞 allow 允許允許, 準許準許常用搭配常用搭配 forbid sth./doing sth. 禁止禁止(做做)某事某事 forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人禁止某人做某事做某事 forbid that 禁止禁止 allow sth./doing sth. 允許允許(做做)某事某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事允許某人做某事詞語辯析詞語辯析 forbid, ban, prohibit這三個詞都含這三個詞都含“禁止禁止”

13、的意思的意思, 具體區(qū)別具體區(qū)別如如下下:(1) forbid 是常用詞是常用詞, 指指“命令某人不做某命令某人不做某事事”, 禁止禁止, 不準不準, 不許。如：不許。如：The doctor forbids him to smoke. 醫(yī)生禁止他吸煙。醫(yī)生禁止他吸煙。Smoking is forbidden in the concert hall. 演奏廳內不準吸煙。演奏廳內不準吸煙。(2) ban語氣較重，指權威機機關語氣較重，指權威機機關“正式禁正式禁止止”, (法律上法律上)禁止禁止, 含含“嚴厲譴責嚴厲譴責”之意之意,只能用事物作其賓語只能用事物作其賓語, 如如:Ban atomic

14、 and nuclear weapons! 禁止原子武器和核武器禁止原子武器和核武器!(3) prohibit指指“通過法律或政府法令通過法律或政府法令”, 如如:The soldiers were prohibited from leaving camp after dark. 天黑后士兵不準離開營房。天黑后士兵不準離開營房。 注意事項注意事項 (1) forbid 后不能直接跟動詞不定式作賓后不能直接跟動詞不定式作賓語語, 而是跟動名詞作賓語而是跟動名詞作賓語, 但是可以但是可以跟不定式作賓語補足語跟不定式作賓語補足語(forbid sb. to do sth.), 類似的動詞還有類似的動

15、詞還有: allow, permit, advise等。等。(2) forbid后接后接that引導的從句時引導的從句時, 從句的從句的謂語動詞應該用虛擬語氣謂語動詞應該用虛擬語氣, 即即should +動詞原形動詞原形, should可以省略?？梢允÷浴Ｔ脑佻F(xiàn)原文再現(xiàn) Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning. 根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子。根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子。(1) He _ (禁止員工禁止員工吸煙吸煙) during office hours.(2) Many parent

16、s _ _ (禁止他們的孩子獨自禁止他們的孩子獨自外出外出) at night.(3) Marriage _ (被禁止被禁止) during college time in the past.forbids staff to smoke forbid their children to go out alonewas forbidden6. accumulate vt. but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that clon

17、ing could provide. 有些國家比如中國和英國繼續(xù)收集克有些國家比如中國和英國繼續(xù)收集克隆能提供豐富的醫(yī)療幫助的證據(jù)。隆能提供豐富的醫(yī)療幫助的證據(jù)。He accumulated fortune by hard work. 他因努力工作而積蓄了一筆財富。他因努力工作而積蓄了一筆財富。The purpose of education is not just accumulating information. 教育的目的不僅僅是積累知識。教育的目的不僅僅是積累知識。vi. 積聚積聚Dust accumulated during my absence. 我不在期間灰塵積聚了起來。我不在期

18、間灰塵積聚了起來。 歸納拓展：歸納拓展： accumulate可作及物動詞和不及物可作及物動詞和不及物動詞，表示動詞，表示: 收集收集, 聚集聚集, 堆積。堆積。 另外另外 accumulation n. 積聚積聚 如如: the accumulation of knowledge 知識的積聚知識的積聚 考例考例 Clinical evidence began to _, suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in

19、 animals. （湖北（湖北2011）A. operate B. strengthen C. approve D. accumulate D 點撥點撥 選選 D。句意為：越來越多的臨床證據(jù)。句意為：越來越多的臨床證據(jù)表明，這些新藥的用途比以往在動物表明，這些新藥的用途比以往在動物身上做實驗所預測到的更廣泛。身上做實驗所預測到的更廣泛。operate 操作，運轉；操作，運轉；strengthen 加強；加強；approve 批準，贊成。批準，贊成。 完成下列句子。完成下列句子。(1) He quickly _ _ _ (積蓄了一大筆財富積蓄了一大筆財富).(2) Clouds began t

20、o _ _ _ _ (在天空中聚集在天空中聚集).largeinaccumulatedfortuneaccumulateskythe7. retire vi.觀察示例觀察示例:He retired at the age of 65. 他他65歲退休。歲退休。He will soon retire from the army.他不久將退役。他不久將退役。The men went on talking while the ladies retired.男人們繼續(xù)交談男人們繼續(xù)交談, 而女士們退到了客廳。而女士們退到了客廳。She retired early that night. 那天晚上她就寢得

21、早。那天晚上她就寢得早。 歸納拓展：歸納拓展： retire作不及物動詞時有兩個義項作不及物動詞時有兩個義項: 退役退役, 退職退職; 退出退出, 退后退后, 從餐廳回到從餐廳回到客廳客廳, 就寢就寢 (較較go to bed正式正式)。 完成句子。完成句子。(1) He worked as a guard after _ _ _ _ (退役退役).(2) The troops _ _ _ _ (從從戰(zhàn)地退了回來戰(zhàn)地退了回來). field n. 戰(zhàn)地戰(zhàn)地the armyfieldretiringfromretired from the8. bother 觀察示例觀察示例: vt. Howev

22、er, the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists. 但是但是, 她后來得了嚴重的肺病這個問她后來得了嚴重的肺病這個問題讓科學家們感到煩惱。題讓科學家們感到煩惱。 Dont bother yourself about me. 別為我擔心。別為我擔心。 Does the noise bother you much? 那噪音使你深感困擾嗎？那噪音使你深感困擾嗎？ vi. Shall I help you? 要我?guī)兔幔恳規(guī)兔幔?Dont bother. Ill do it mys

23、elf. 不用麻煩不用麻煩, 我會自己做。我會自己做。 Dont bother to call. 不用打電話來。不用打電話來。bother n.I found the house without any bother. 我毫不費事地找到了那座房子。我毫不費事地找到了那座房子。What a bother you are! 你真討厭！你真討厭！歸納拓展：歸納拓展：bother 作及物動詞表示作及物動詞表示: 煩擾，打擾煩擾，打擾作不及物動詞表示作不及物動詞表示: 麻煩，費事麻煩，費事作名詞表示作名詞表示: 麻煩麻煩, 麻煩的事麻煩的事, 引起麻煩的人引起麻煩的人構成的短語有：構成的短語有：both

24、er about sth.bother with sth.bother to do sth. 將下列句子譯成漢語。將下列句子譯成漢語。(1) The neighbours were bothered by the noise of the party. _(2) Dont bother him while he is working. _(3) Did you have much bother finding the address? _鄰居們被聚會的噪音所困擾。鄰居們被聚會的噪音所困擾。他工作的時候不要打擾他。他工作的時候不要打擾他。你找到那個地址費了很大周折嗎？你找到那個地址費了很大周折嗎

25、？ 9. resist vt. 觀察示例觀察示例: Others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation. 其他的將存活下來并傳遞其后代抵抗其他的將存活下來并傳遞其后代抵抗這種病的能力。這種病的能力。 詞義詞義 vt. (to remain firm against the actions, effects, or force of ) 抵制抵制, 抵抗抵抗派生詞派生詞 resistance n. 抵抗抵抗, 反抗反抗; 抗性抗性; 抵抗力抵抗力; 耐性耐性resist

26、ant adj. 抵抗的抵抗的; 防防的；抗的；抗的的resister n. 抵抗者抵抗者resistibility n. 可抵抗性；抵抗力可抵抗性；抵抗力常用搭配常用搭配 resist sth. /doing sth. 抵制某事抵制某事/做某事做某事cant resist sth./ doing sth. 禁不住某事禁不住某事/做某事做某事resist the enemy/ temptation 抵抗敵人抵抗敵人/抵制誘惑抵制誘惑 根據(jù)漢字提示完成句子。根據(jù)漢字提示完成句子。(1) We are determined to stay and _ (抵抗敵人抵抗敵人).(2) Tom _ (忍

27、不忍不住開玩笑住開玩笑) about his strange hairstyle.(3) Quite a few people in power _ _ (抵制不住金抵制不住金錢的誘惑錢的誘惑) and disobey the law. cant resist the temptation of moneyresist the enemycouldnt resist playing jokes( ) Although a teenager, Peter resisted _ what to do and what not to do.A. telling B. being toldC. to

28、tell D. to be told【解析】【解析】B 考查考查resist的用法。的用法。resist doing sth 抵制做某事抵制做某事, 且主語且主語Peter 和和tell之間是被動關系之間是被動關系, 故故B正確。正確。B1. cast down 使沮喪使沮喪 觀察示例觀察示例: Cloning Scientists were cast down to find that Dollys illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal. 克隆科學家克隆科學家沮喪地沮喪地發(fā)現(xiàn)多莉的病更容易發(fā)現(xiàn)多莉的病更容易在年老的羊身上

29、。在年老的羊身上。Dont be so cast down. Just keep up your spirits.不要這么沮喪不要這么沮喪, 打起精神來！打起精神來！ 歸納拓展：歸納拓展： cast down 有兩個義項有兩個義項: 毀掉；使沮喪毀掉；使沮喪 cast away 丟棄丟棄 cast off 放棄；丟棄放棄；丟棄 cast out 趕走趕走 將下列句子譯成英語。將下列句子譯成英語。(1) 聽到這個消息他很沮喪。聽到這個消息他很沮喪。_(2) 發(fā)現(xiàn)事情的真相使他很沮喪。發(fā)現(xiàn)事情的真相使他很沮喪。 _ _He was cast down to hear the news. Findi

30、ng out the truth made him cast down.2. in favour of 意為意為“贊成；支持贊成；支持”。 Is he in favour of cloning or against cloning? 他贊成還是反對克隆他贊成還是反對克隆? The score was 80 to 78 in favour of the guest team. 比分是比分是80比比78，客隊獲勝。，客隊獲勝。 The exchange rate is in our favour today. 今天的兌換率對我們有利。今天的兌換率對我們有利。拓展拓展 同學們還學過其他表示此類意思同

31、學們還學過其他表示此類意思的短語，我們來總結一下，這對大家的的短語，我們來總結一下，這對大家的英語學習會很有幫助哦！英語學習會很有幫助哦！be for 支持支持be against 反對反對 agree with 同意同意disagree with 不同意；持不同意見不同意；持不同意見thumbs up 翹大拇指，贊揚，同意翹大拇指，贊揚，同意thumbs down 不贊成，不滿不贊成，不滿 將下列句子翻譯成英語。將下列句子翻譯成英語。1. 你贊成她獨自一人去那個村莊嗎？你贊成她獨自一人去那個村莊嗎？2. 在昨天的會議上，我們大家一致贊成經(jīng)在昨天的會議上，我們大家一致贊成經(jīng)理的建議。理的建議。

32、Are you in favour of her going to the village alone?All of us were in favour of the managers suggestion at yesterdays meeting.3. be bound to 注定；有義務做注定；有義務做 觀察示例觀察示例: Dollys death, like her birth, was bound to raise worries. 多莉的死和她的生一樣，注定要引起憂多莉的死和她的生一樣，注定要引起憂慮。慮。 The weather is bound to get better to

33、morrow. 明天天氣一定會變好。明天天氣一定會變好。詞語聯(lián)想詞語聯(lián)想 be bound for 準備去準備去; 前往前往be bound up in sth. 專注于某事專注于某事, 忙于某事忙于某事be bound up with 與與有密切關系有密切關系原文再現(xiàn)原文再現(xiàn) Dollys death, like her birth, was bound to raise worries. 根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子。根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子。(1) You have done so much that you _ (必定會成功必定會成功).(2) We _ _ (打算回家過春節(jié)打算回家過春節(jié)).(3

34、) I feel _ (有必要有必要) tell you about it.bound toare bound to succeed are bound for home for the Spring Festival( ) I feel _ to tell you that youre drinking too much.A. guilty B. duty C. proud D. bound【解析】【解析】D 考查固定搭配。句意考查固定搭配。句意: 我覺得我覺得有必要告訴你你酒喝得太多了。有必要告訴你你酒喝得太多了。 be bound to do sth. 有責任、義務做某事。有責任、義務做

35、某事。D4. pay off 得到好結果得到好結果; 取得成功取得成功; 付清付清觀察觀察 閱讀下列句子，觀察閱讀下列句子，觀察pay off在在句中的意思。句中的意思。1. The house is finished at last. All their hard work has paid off.2. It took them three years to pay off the debt. 歸納歸納 pay off作不及物短語動詞，意為作不及物短語動詞，意為“_”（句（句1）；作及物短語動詞，意為）；作及物短語動詞，意為“_”（句（句2）。）。 得到好結果，取得成功得到好結果，取得成功

36、償清償清 詞語聯(lián)想詞語聯(lián)想pay (sb.) back sth. 還還(某人某人)某物某物pay sb. back for sth. 因因而報復而報復/懲罰某人懲罰某人pay for sth. 付付的錢；為的錢；為付出代價付出代價pay out 為某事而付出大筆款項為某事而付出大筆款項 pay up付清付清注意事項注意事項 pay off 當當“(努力、辛苦努力、辛苦)得到好結得到好結果；果；(事業(yè)、計劃事業(yè)、計劃) 成功成功”講時，為講時，為不及物動詞短語，用主動語態(tài)。不及物動詞短語，用主動語態(tài)。原文再現(xiàn)原文再現(xiàn) You might find this hard at first but i

37、t pays off when you come to speak. 用用pay 相關短評的適當形式完成句子相關短評的適當形式完成句子(1) Ill _ (還你錢還你錢) next month.(2) You must _ (為為付出代價付出代價) your rude words.(3) _ (他努力沒有白費他努力沒有白費) when the manager accepted his proposal.(4) She _ 200 yuan _ (付付的錢的錢) Toms bike.forpay you backpay forHis efforts paid offpaid1. Although

38、 at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain, newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions. 分析分析 a. 本句的主干是本句的主干是newspapers wrote of evil leaders。b. although引導的讓步狀語從句中，引導的讓步狀語從句中，needed for cloning research是過去分詞是過

39、去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾短語作后置定語，修飾human egg cells and embryos。c. 在主句中，在主句中，hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions是動詞是動詞-ing形式形式短語作后置定語，修飾短語作后置定語，修飾 _。evil leaders2. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, but other countries like China and the UK, continu

40、ed to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide. 分析分析 a. 本句是一個由本句是一個由but連接的并列句。連接的并列句。b. 第一個分句中有兩個并列的謂語動詞：第一個分句中有兩個并列的謂語動詞：began和和 _。c. 第二個分句中，第二個分句中，that引導定語從句，修引導定語從句，修飾先行詞飾先行詞medical aid。forbade3. However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm

41、us and where it is leading us. 分析分析 a. 本句的主句是本句的主句是scientists still wonder。b. whether和和where分別引導兩個從句，分別引導兩個從句，作作wonder的賓語。的賓語。 仿寫仿寫 _ _ 我們仍懷疑我們的計劃能否在明天的會我們仍懷疑我們的計劃能否在明天的會議上通過。議上通過。We still wonder whether our plan can be approved at the meeting tomorrow.I. 根據(jù)下列各句句意及所給單詞的首字母根據(jù)下列各句句意及所給單詞的首字母或漢語提示或漢語提示

42、, 寫出各單詞的正確形式。寫出各單詞的正確形式。1. There are twenty boys and twenty girls in our class. That is to say there are forty students a_.2. By buying two books every month, he soon _ (積累積累) as many books as a good library.altogetheraccumulated3. The lawyer u_ the case for free because the old man was poor.4. What

43、 is the _ (準確的準確的) meaning of what you said just now?5. Could you explain the p_ for shutting down the computer?6. The fans complained about the apparently a_ distribution of tickets for the next game.undertookexactprocedurearbitrary 7. She blushed, c_ her eyes down.8. The book places a high m_ value on marriage and the family unit.9. Doctors have made a great _ (突破突破) in the kidney transplant.10.